Symptoms Of Anorexia Research Articles

Pancreatic exocrine carcinoma in a lohmann brown chicken

A 23-month-old lohmann brown breed chicken showed symptoms of anorexia, depression and diarrhea before dying. It presented to the pathology laboratory for necropsy. The necropsy confirmed serosal, white and nodular widespread tumor infiltrations in different sizes in the intestines and periton adjacent to the pancreas. In the histological examination, poorly differentiated epithelial cells were seen to form tubular structures in the pancreatic tissue located between the duodenum. According to pathology, this case was diagnosed as pancreatic exocrine carcinoma. This case report provides histologic descriptions of the pancreatic exocrine carcinoma in a chicken that have been reported extremely rare in poultry and pet birds.

Congenital Right-side Rib Agenesis in a Male Lamb: A Rare Case Report

Sheep play a vital role in agriculture, contributing to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) through meat, wool, and leather. The number of ribs in sheep is an important economic trait, particularly for meat production, as a higher rib count correlates with increased mutton yield. However, the congenital absence of ribs is a rare condition scarcely documented in veterinary field. This report presents the first known case of rib aplasia in a lamb, highlighting its clinical presentation, diagnosis, and implications. A two-day-old male co-twin lamb exhibited symptoms of ataxia, anorexia, and dyspnea. Physical examination revealed missing ribs on the right side and scoliosis at the thoracic vertebrae level. Chest X-rays confirmed the absence of the 9th and 10th ribs and thoracic scoliosis. Despite explanations of the poor prognosis, the lamb collapsed after two days, and no post-mortem examination was conducted. This case underscores the need for further research to identify genetic factors contributing to congenital rib agenesis in lambs, given its economic importance in the sheep industry.

Treating chronic atrophic gastritis: identifying sub-population based on real-world TCM electronic medical records.

Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is a complex chronic disease caused by multiple factors that frequently occurs disease in the clinic. The worldwide prevalence of CAG is high. Interestingly, clinical CAG patients often present with a variety of symptom phenotypes, which makes it more difficult for clinicians to treat. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve our understanding of the complexity of the clinical CAG population, obtain more accurate disease subtypes, and explore the relationship between clinical symptoms and medication. Therefore, based on the integrated platform of complex networks and clinical research, we classified the collected patients with CAG according to their different clinical characteristics and conducted correlation analysis on the classification results to identify more accurate disease subtypes to aid in personalized clinical treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) offers an empirical understanding of the clinical subtypes of complicated disorders since TCM therapy is tailored to the patient's symptom profile. We gathered 6,253 TCM clinical electronic medical records (EMRs) from CAG patients and manually annotated, extracted, and preprocessed the data. A shared symptom-patient similarity network (PSN) was created. CAG patient subgroups were established, and their clinical features were determined through enrichment analysis employing community identification methods. Different clinical features of relevant subgroups were correlated based on effectiveness to identify symptom-botanical botanical drugs correspondence. Moreover, network pharmacology was employed to identify possible biological relationships between screened symptoms and medications and to identify various clinical and molecular aspects of the key subtypes using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. 5,132 patients were included in the study: 2,699 males (52.60%) and 2,433 females (47.41%). The population was divided into 176 modules. We selected the first 3 modules (M29, M3, and M0) to illustrate the characteristic phenotypes and genotypes of CAG disease subtypes. The M29 subgroup was characterized by gastric fullness disease and internal syndrome of turbidity and poison. The M3 subgroup was characterized by epigastric pain and disharmony between the liver and stomach. The M0 subgroup was characterized by epigastric pain and dampness-heat syndrome. In symptom analysis, The top symptoms for symptom improvement in all three subgroups were stomach pain, bloating, insomnia, poor appetite, and heartburn. However, the three groups were different. The M29 subgroup was more likely to have stomach distention, anorexia, and palpitations. Citrus medica, Solanum nigrum, Jiangcan, Shan ci mushrooms, and Dillon were the most popular botanical drugs. The M3 subgroup has a higher incidence of yellow urine, a bitter tongue, and stomachaches. Smilax glabra, Cyperus rotundus, Angelica sinensis, Conioselinum anthriscoides, and Paeonia lactiflora were the botanical drugs used. Vomiting, nausea, stomach pain, and appetite loss are common in the M0 subgroup. The primary medications are Scutellaria baicalensis, Smilax glabra, Picrorhiza kurroa, Lilium lancifolium, and Artemisia scoparia. Through GO and KEGG pathway analysis, We found that in the M29 subgroup, Citrus medica, Solanum nigrum, Jiangcan, Shan ci mushrooms, and Dillon may exert their therapeutic effects on the symptoms of gastric distension, anorexia, and palpitations by modulating apoptosis and NF-κB signaling pathways. In the M3 subgroup, Smilax glabra, Cyperus rotundus, Angelica sinensis, Conioselinum anthriscoides, and Paeonia lactiflora may be treated by NF-κB and JAK-STAT signaling pathway for the treatment of stomach pain, bitter mouth, and yellow urine. In the M0 subgroup, Scutellaria baicalensis, Smilax glabra, Picrorhiza kurroa, Lilium lancifolium, and Artemisia scoparia may exert their therapeutic effects on poor appetite, stomach pain, vomiting, and nausea through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Based on PSN identification and community detection analysis, CAG population division can provide useful recommendations for clinical CAG treatment. This method is useful for CAG illness classification and genotyping investigations and can be used for other complicated chronic diseases.

Effect of Communication Mode on Disclosure of Nutrition Impact Symptoms During Nutrition Intervention Delivered to People With Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer.

Individuals diagnosed with upper gastrointestinal cancers experience a myriad of nutrition impact symptoms (NIS) compromise a person's ability to adequately meet their nutritional requirements leading to malnutrition, reduced quality of life and poorer survival. Electronic health (eHealth) is a potential strategy for improving the delivery of nutrition interventions by improving early and sustained access to dietitians to address both NIS and malnutrition. This study aimed to explore whether the mode of delivery affected participant disclosure of NIS during a nutrition intervention. Participants in the intervention groups received a nutrition intervention for 18 weeks from a dietitian via telephone or mobile application (app) using behaviour change techniques to assist in goal achievement. Poisson regression determined the proportion of individuals who reported NIS compared between groups. Univariate and multiple regression analyses of demographic variables explored the relationship between demographics and reporting of NIS. The incidence of reporting of NIS was more than 1.8 times higher in the telephone group (n = 38) compared to the mobile group (n = 36). Telephone predicted a higher likelihood of disclosure of self-reported symptoms of fatigue, nausea, and anorexia throughout the intervention period. A trusting therapeutic relationship built on human connection is fundamental and may not be achieved with current models of mobile health technologies.

Hepatotoxicity and Its Impact on Mortality in COVID-19 Patients

Objective: "COVID-19-related liver damage" can occur frequently in course of COVID-19 disease and cause significant problems. Our study aimed to investigate prevalence of liver damage due to COVID-19, its risk variables, and the effect of liver damage on course of COVID-19 and mortality. Method: One hundred patients over eighteen years of age who were hospitalized between 01.08.2021-01.03.2022 and had positive RT-PCR tests were included in our study. Impaired liver function tests were identified as having alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) levels exceeding upper laboratory limits. Results: The mean age of patients included in study was 57.9 ± 14.9 years, with 49% of them being male. In our study, we had an 8% death rate and 37% of patients had abnormal liver function tests. The presence of severe disease(p<0.001), anorexia symptoms(p=0.027), and abdominal pain(p=0.010) were significant for mortality. A prolonged hospital stay was significantly associated with death(p=0.029), with the mean length of hospital stay being 11.8 ± 4.6 days. Favipiravir use for longer than five days was associated with a substantial risk of liver damage(p=0.044) and mortality(p=0.020), while use of antibiotics in carbapenem group was associated with a significant risk of death(p=0.001). Conclusions: It is noteworthy that a considerable proportion of COVID-19 patients may exhibit increased liver tests, which could serve as a significant predictor and risk factor, particularly with regard to mortality. In order to properly monitor and manage COVID-19 patients, particularly those who are at risk, comprehensive measurements, including liver tests, should be carried out on a regular basis.

Application of modified no-touch technique in rabbit arteriovenous fistula model and its effect on venous neointimal hyperplasia.

To investigate the technical advantages of a modified no-touch technique (MNTT) in constructing arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) compared to the conventional technique (CT) and assess its potential to reduce neointimal hyperplasia in the outflow vein. Forty-seven New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: control, CT, and MNTT. Rabbits in control group were observed using ultrasound and then euthanized to obtain external jugular vein (EJV) for Hematoxylin-eosin (H-E). We established common carotid artery (CCA)-EJV AVF using MNTT in the MNTT group and the CT in the CT group. AVF patency and complications were compared between the CT and MNTT groups. Rabbits with patent AVF in both groups were observed using ultrasound 2 weeks after surgery to evaluate changes in the vessel diameter and blood flow spectrum of the AVFs. H-E staining measured the intima thickness of EJV adjacent to the anastomosis and histologic characteristics of the AVF at 2 and 4 weeks after surgery. Five rabbits died after surgery with common symptoms of sneezing, coughing, runny nose, anorexia, and diarrhea; two in the MNTT group and three in the CT group. There were significant differences in the diameter (p = 0.010) and peak systolic velocities (PSV) (p = 0.001) of EJV between the CT and MNTT groups 2 weeks after surgery. Spiral laminar flow (SLF) was observed in CCA and EJV adjacent to anastomosis in the MNTT group. Additionally, histological observations showed less venous neointimal hyperplasia in the MNTT group than in the CT group 4 weeks after surgery. The rabbit model of CCA-EJV AVF established using MNTT demonstrated fewer complications, larger vein diameters, and reduced venous neointimal hyperplasia, indicating that this maybe an ideal animal model to further investigate the application of MNTT in AVF surgery.

Effects of Reflexology on Anorexia and Sleep Quality in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Cancer and associated treatment methods present numerous complications, including anorexia and disturbances in sleep patterns. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of reflexology on the symptoms of anorexia and sleep quality among individuals afflicted with cancer. In this double-blinded randomized clinical trial, a total of 60 patients undergoing chemotherapy at Khansari Hospital, Arak, Iran, were selected using convenience sampling and then assigned to two groups of control and experimental using blocked randomization (30 patients in each group). The sample intervention group received reflexology in an exceedingly 4-week amount (two sessions a week), By contrast, the control group was administered a placebo treatment without exerting any pressure on the reflex points during the same time frame. Sleep quality and anorexia in patients were measured using a Pittsburgh questionnaire and visual analog scale before and right after the intervention. Eventually, the data were analyzed, and we used the tests of central tendency, dispersion, independent- and paired-samples t-tests, and Chi-square. The findings of the study revealed a significant improvement in sleep quality and reduction in anorexia symptoms among patients who received reflexology treatment scores (p < 0.001). Conversely, there was no significant difference in the control group before and after the intervention (without pressure effect on the foot points) (p > 0.05). According to the positive effects on sleep quality and the reduction of anorexia symptoms, it is recommended to incorporate this therapeutic modality along with conventional medication for the treatment of individuals with cancer.

Real-world safety and effectiveness of anamorelin for cancer cachexia: Interim analysis of post-marketing surveillance in Japan.

Anamorelin was approved in Japan in 2021 to treat cancer cachexia associated with non-small cell lung, gastric, pancreatic, or colorectal cancers. Post-marketing surveillance is being conducted to evaluate the real-world safety and effectiveness of anamorelin. This prospective, observational surveillance registered all patients who started treatment with anamorelin after April 21, 2021. Hyperglycemia, hepatic impairment, conduction disorders, and their associated adverse events related to treatment were defined as main safety specifications. Body weight (BW) and appetite were assessed as effectiveness specifications. This analysis was based on data as of January 21, 2023. The safety and effectiveness analysis sets included 6016 and 4511 patients, respectively. Treatment-related adverse events in ≥1% of patients were hyperglycemia (3.9%) and nausea (2.6%). The incidences of hyperglycemia, hepatic impairment, conduction disorders, and their associated adverse events related to treatment were 4.8%, 1.2%, and 1.1%, respectively. The mean changes (standard error [SE]) in BW from baseline to weeks 3, 12, 24, and 52 were 0.64 (0.05) kg, 1.19 (0.12) kg, 1.40 (0.21) kg, and 1.42 (0.39) kg, respectively. The mean changes (SE) in Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Treatment 5-item Anorexia Symptom Scale total scores from baseline to weeks 3, 12, 24, and 52 were 3.2 (0.09), 4.8 (0.18), 5.2 (0.30), and 5.3 (0.47), respectively, exceeding the clinically meaningful improvement score (2.0 points). The overall safety of anamorelin raised no new safety concerns, although continued caution may be required for hyperglycemia and nausea. Improvements in BW and appetite were also observed in real-world clinical settings.

말티즈에서 발생한 수막척수염 증례에 관한 고찰

A 5-year-old, 5.3 kg, neutered male Maltese was presented to a veterinary hospital with symptoms of anorexia and ambulatory paraparesis of the hind limbs. There was no improvement even with prescriptions of anti-inflammatory medications. On neurological examination, proprioception, hemi-walking/hemi-standing, and extensor postural thrust responses were less responsive in both hindlimbs. Since there were no obvious lesions on blood tests and X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was requested and performed. On MRI, the intensity of the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc between T4 to T10 and T12 to L5 was reduced, and spinal cord parenchyma was swelled from L3 to L5. Meningomyelitis was diagnosed, and prednisolone 1mg/kg/day (divided into twice, orally) was prescribed for 10 days. The proprioceptive responses were improved and pain was reduced. This case is meaningful in examining the clinical symptoms and diagnostic findings of meningomyelitis, and we hope that an additional study will be conducted on the prevalent breeds, onset symptoms, diagnosis, and prognosis in a situation of Korean veterinary medicine of neurological diseases such as meningomyelitis.

STRUVITE CRYSTAL IN A MALE PERSIAN CAT SUFFERED FROM UROLITHIASIS

The presence of stones in the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra is the definition of urolithiasis. This article aims to explain a case report of a Persian cat suffering from urolithiasis with symptoms of anorexia, dysuria, polyuria and hematuria for two weeks. On inspection the cat shows difficulty when urinating. Supporting examination on urinalysis showed that the urine contained leukocytes, pH 8.5, and urine sedimentation examination showed the presence of struvite crystals. The results of the ultrasound examination showed a luminescent hiperekhoik mass in the bladder. Urine culture showed the growth of Staphylococcus sp. bacteria. Radiography and hematology did not show any abnormalities. Treatment with ciprofloxacin, kejibeling (Strobilanthes crispus extract) accompanied by a urinary diet showed an improvement in the animal's condition as indicated by the cat being able to urinate normally and without blood. Treatment with ciprofloxacin and kejibeling for 14 days accompanied by a urinary diet improved the animal's condition as indicated by the cat being able to urinate normally without blood. It is recommended for identification of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus sp. which hydrolyzes urea to confirm.

Efficacy of probiotic supplements in improving the symptoms of psychosis, anxiety, insomnia, and anorexia due to amphetamine and methamphetamine use: a randomized clinical trial.

Changes in the density and diversity of gut microbiota in chronic use of methamphetamine have been mentioned as contributors to psychotic and anxiety symptoms, sleep problems, and loss of appetite. In this placebo-controlled clinical trial, we investigated the effect of the probiotic Lactobacillus Acidophilus in improving psychiatric symptoms among hospitalized patients with chronic methamphetamine use along with psychotic symptoms. 60 inpatients with a history of more than 3 years of methamphetamine use, were randomly assigned to one of two groups receiving either a probiotic capsule or placebo along with risperidone for 8 weeks based on a simple randomization method. In weeks 0, 4, and 8, patients were evaluated using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Simple Appetite Nutritional Questionnaire (SANQ), and Body Mass Index (BMI). Compared to the control group, patients receiving probiotics had better sleep quality, greater appetite, and higher body mass index (there were significant interaction effects of group and time at Week 8 in these variables (t = -3.32, B = -1.83, p = .001, d = 0.89), (t = 10.50, B = 2.65, p <.001, d = 1.25) and (t = 3.40, B = 0.76, p <.001, d = 0.30), respectively. In terms of the improvement of psychotic and anxiety symptoms, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. The use of probiotics was associated with improved sleep quality, increased appetite, and increased body mass index in patients with chronic methamphetamine use. Conducting more definitive clinical trials with larger sample sizes and longer-term follow-up of cases is recommended.

P-48 Post-traumatic Panhypopitutarism after an in-vehicle traffic accident: A case report

Abstract Introduction Hypopituitarism, occurs most commonly from pituitary tumors and a head injury, though a fracture of the base of the skull is considered a rare cause. Traumatic brain injury causes severe disability and endocrine dysfunction in a significant proportion of patients. Hypopituitarism diagnosed with endocrine symptoms related to hypoadrenocorticotropinemia, hypothyroidism and hypogonadism. We describe a case of posttraumatic panhypopitutarism presenting with symptoms of secondary amenorrhea, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, hearing loss and hypoglycemia after an in-vehicle traffic accident. Clinical Case A 28-year-old female patient with no medical history was admitted with symptoms of nausea, vomiting, anorexia, amenorrhea, and hypoglycemia after an in-vehicle traffic accident. It was learned that the patient's menstrual periods were regular before the accident and she did not have any complaints. Panhypopitutarism was observed in the examinations performed (Table 1). In the follow-ups, 10% intravenous dextrose solution and 20 mg prednisolone every 6 hours were started due to the hypoglycemic course. Prednisolone was reduced and discontinued, and hydrocortisone treatment was started from 30 mg/day. L-thyroxine replacement was started one week after the steroid treatment. Computed tomography (CT) showed deformity and collapse secondary to the fracture at the base of the sella and on contrast-enhanced pituitary magnetic resonance (MRI) imaging, it was observed that the morphology of the sella was distorted in T1-weighted sections, pituitary tissue could not be clearly distinguished, and there was collapse at the base of the sella in the right lateral section; the present findings were thought to support pituitary insufficiency (Figure 1). Hormone replacement therapy was given for secondary amenorrhea. One year after the accident, she wanted to be a pregnant and ovulation was induced by the injection of human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) following human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) at a large dose. She got pregnant in the first cycle. Conclusion In a patient with Panhypopituitarism, who could not be pregnant spontaneously, clinical practice of ovulation–induction treatment including administration of hCG and follicle-stimulating hormone, pulsatile GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone), and in vitro fertilization, enabled the hypopituitary women to become ovulation and pregnancy. In our case, pregnancy was achieved after adequate hormone replacement therapy.Figure 1.CT and MRI images of the patientFigure. (a) Coronal CT section showing deformity-subsidence at the base of the sella secondary to fracture, (b and c) sagittal and coronal contrast-enhanced MRI showing subsidence at the base of the sella (thick arrow) with herniation of pituitary tissue (short arrow) and distorted-deformed infundibular stalk (thin arrow), respectively. Table 1.Laboratory workup*ACTH: Adrenocorticotropic hormone; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; LH: Luteinizing hormone; TSH: thyroid stimulating hormone; fT4: thyroxine; GH: Growth hormone; IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor 1

Prevalence of Eating Disorder Symptoms in Transgender and Gender Diverse Adolescents Presenting for Gender-Affirming Care

PurposeTo describe the prevalence of eating disorder symptoms among adolescents seeking gender-affirming care. MethodsCross-sectional study of 660 gender-diverse adolescents who completed the Branched Eating Disorder Test to measure anorexia and bulimia symptoms. Results23.9% (95% CI 20.7–27.4) reported both anorexia symptoms, namely overvaluation of weight and fear of (or recurrent interference with) weight gain. 0.9% (95% CI 0.3–2.0) reported all bulimia symptoms, namely overvaluation of weight, recurrent binge eating, and recurrent compensatory behaviors (e.g., weekly purging). For all symptoms, prevalence was higher among i) adolescents assigned female at birth compared to those assigned male at birth, and ii) adolescents who felt unsure about their gender identity compared to those who identified as trans or nonbinary. DiscussionClinicians should monitor eating disorder symptoms among adolescents presenting for gender-affirming care, especially among those assigned female at birth or who are unsure about their gender identity.

Clinical changes in the gastrointestinal system as a result of the influence of Covid-19

Research shows that, in addition to primarily presenting as a lung infection, coronavirus infections have been re-established to have significant extrapulmonary complications that affect multiple organ systems, including the gastrointestinal tract. Patients with gastrointestinal symptoms were noted to have clinical manifestations such as anorexia, diarrhea, vomiting, or abdominal pain. As the active period of the disease increased, the symptoms of the gastrointestinal tract became more apparent, especially the high rate of patients hospitalized with symptoms of anorexia was 41.7%. Our study showed that patients with COVID-19 showed gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea (25%), anorexia (41.7%) and nausea (18.3%), abdominal pain (15%).

Toxoplasmosis in jungle dog (speothos venaticus): case study

This clinical case describes a bush dog (Speothos venaticus), a vulnerable species in Ecuador. The objective was to document a case of toxoplasmosis in a captive specimen at the Yanacocha Animal Rescue Center in the Amazon region of Ecuador. A 2-year-old, 6,7 kg specimen was brought to the VitalPet specialty clinic in Ambato with symptoms of ataxia, lethargy, and anorexia of 24 hours’ duration. Clinical examinations and blood tests, including complete blood count, comprehensive blood chemistry, hemoparasite tests, and immunoglobulin analysis for toxoplasmosis, were performed. Results showed neutrophilic leukocytosis, a hematocrit of 50 %, and slight hyperglycemia. Infections by Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Lyme, and Dirofilaria were ruled out. Clinical signs and high IgG and IgM antibody titers indicated that the patient was affected by toxoplasmosis

The first report of ovarian torsion causing intracoelomic hemorrhage and subsequent hemorrhagic shock in a captive Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti).

A 21-year-old captive female Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) was in good health until the day before the animal died. However, the animal suddenly exhibited symptoms of vomiting and anorexia, and died in shortly thereafter. The autopsy revealed a blood clot in the abdominal air sac and 280 mL of dark red fluid in the body cavity. The ovary was twisted around a blood vessel. Based on the findings described, it was considered that the cause of death was hypovolemic shock due to massive intracoelomic hemorrhage by vascular collapse resulting from ovarian torsion. This is the first report of ovarian torsion in penguins.

Toxoplasmosis in jungle dog (speothos venaticus): case study

This clinical case describes a bush dog (Speothos venaticus), a vulnerable species in Ecuador. The objective was to document a case of toxoplasmosis in a captive specimen at the Yanacocha Animal Rescue Center in the Amazon region of Ecuador. A 2-year-old, 6.7 kg specimen was brought to the VitalPet specialty clinic in Ambato with symptoms of ataxia, lethargy, and anorexia of 24 hours’ duration. Clinical examinations and blood tests, including complete blood count, comprehensive blood chemistry, hemoparasite tests, and immunoglobulin analysis for toxoplasmosis, were performed. Results showed neutrophilic leukocytosis, a hematocrit of 50%, and slight hyperglycemia. Infections by Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Lyme, and Dirofilaria were ruled out. Clinical signs and high IgG and IgM antibody titers indicated that the patient was affected by toxoplasmosis

An excitatory projection from the basal forebrain to the ventral tegmental area that underlies anorexia-like phenotypes

Maladaptation in balancing internal energy needs and external threat cues may result in eating disorders. However, brain mechanisms underlying such maladaptations remain elusive. Here, we identified that the basal forebrain (BF) sends glutamatergic projections to glutamatergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in mice. Glutamatergic neurons in both regions displayed correlated responses to various stressors. Notably, invivo manipulation of BF terminals in the VTA revealed that the glutamatergic BF → VTA circuit reduces appetite, increases locomotion, and elicits avoidance. Consistently, activation of VTA glutamatergic neurons reduced body weight, blunted food motivation, and caused hyperactivity with behavioral signs of anxiety, all hallmarks of typical anorexia symptoms. Importantly, activation of BF glutamatergic terminals in the VTA reduced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. Collectively, our results point to overactivation of the glutamatergic BF → VTA circuit as a potential cause of anorexia-like phenotypes involving reduced dopamine release.

ANATOMICAL PATHOLOGY AND HISTOLOGICAL OF SMALL INTESTINAL ORGANS IN BROILER INFECTED WITH ASCARIDIA GALLI

Infection with Ascaridia galli still attacks poultry farms, especially chickens in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the causes of changes in anatomy pathological and histology in small intestine of broiler. The study was taken from Alif which had clinical symptoms of weakness and anorexia on July 5, 2022 in Gresik Jawa Timur. The results of anatomical pathology and histological examination showed changes in the duodenum and jejunum organs showing hemorrhagic and inflammatory cell infiltration. The results of parasite examination found A.galli worms in the lumen of the small intestine and A.galli worm eggs from feces. In this study, clinical symptoms and anatomy pathological and histology changes of the small intestine in the broiler were caused by infection with A. galli worms.

Evaluation of the Hairballs in the Gastrointestinal Tract and Urinary Stones in Razi Institute Laboratory Rabbits

Background: Usually, the daily self-grooming by rabbits leads to fur accumulation in the animal’s stomach. Since rabbit hair is looser than other animals and constantly licks their body, the fur can be pulled out easily. On the other hand, rabbits are susceptible to urinary stone formation. Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the presence of hairballs and urinary stones in Razi Institute Laboratory rabbits. Methods: During the 1 year, the albino Dutch laboratory rabbit colony, in research, breeding, and production of the Laboratory Animals Department of Razi Institute, including 106 males, 287 females, and 166 kittens, were monitored. After the necropsy of the selected animals, the gastrointestinal tract (stomach and intestines) were examined for the presence of hair and hairballs. Then the urinary system (kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra) was examined for any urinary stones. Results: No symptoms of anorexia, lethargy, abdominal pain, weight loss, decrease and abnormal stools were observed in them, and also no mortality occurred in the whole colony. All samples’ stomach was full, indicating enough eating. No gas or congested spots, or hemorrhage were observed in the intestines. The amount and consistency of stool in the intestines were normal. In none of the samples, hairballs were observed, but in most rabbits’ stomachs (both sexes), a small amount of hair was observed in the stomach contents. Also, no symptoms of urinary stones were observed in the colony of the studied rabbits. Conclusion: Balanced diet, supply of nutritional requirements, and the absence of any stressors in breeding environments have played a key role and prevented many diseases, such as hairballs and urinary stones. No observation of urinary stones in this study could lead to the hypothesis that infection with the bacteria that cause urinary stones in the studied rabbits was eliminated or non-pathogenic, indicating specific pathogen-free animals. However, bacterial and other infectious agent monitoring should be specialized.