Number Of Symptoms Research Articles

A Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial on Hospitalized Covid Patients using Informed Water

Two technological hurdles need to be overcome for biofield therapies to transition fromfringe status to active clinical application. First, healing intention must be able to bestored, and second, it must be able to be scaled. Work on the storage problem has beendone for some decades, but the scalability problem has rarely been addressed. The presentstudy evaluates the therapeutic effect of “informed water” on West African patientsentering a hospital for Covid. One hundred sixty patients were randomly assigned toeither a treatment or control group. Both groups were blindly administered sublingualdrops of water over the course of a week. The two water formulations given sublinguallyto the treatment group went through a physical device designed to capture and reproducethe healing phenomenon. The control group was administered sublingual dropsof untreated water. Multiple Covid symptoms were measured daily over the course ofa week. In addition, multiple PCR tests were administered. The patients receiving theinformed water were blindly assessed to have significant improvements on a numberof symptoms, and those patients also reported higher levels of general health and fewerpositive PCR results. The data from this experiment are strongly suggestive that 1)water is a good medium for the storage of healing; 2) the therapeutically prepared informedwater can be replicated by a physical device and is hence scalable; 3) mass-producedwater can deliver a strong therapeutic effect on Covid; 4) there are no negativeside effects. Future work on additional health conditions needs to be carried out.

Effects of overshadowing on conditioned and unconditioned nausea in a rotation paradigm with humans.

We examine whether overshadowing by salient stimuli is effective in reducing the ability of a certain environment (the putative conditioned stimulus) to evoke conditioned nausea in healthy humans that experience nausea-evoking rotation (as the unconditioned stimulus, US) in that environment. Twenty-four rotation-susceptible subjects (12 males, 12 females) were randomly assigned to receive either overshadowing by salient tasting beverages (OS+), or a control treatment (a familiar beverage, water; OS-) prior to rotation on three consecutive days (acquisition). To control for taste experiences, the alternative beverage was consumed 12h later in the home environment (OS+: water, OS-: salient beverage). At Day 4 (test), all subjects drank the familiar beverage (water) prior to rotation (US). Rotation was standardized as 2×1-min rotation/day. Nausea was determined by a 7-item symptom scale measuring symptom number (SN) prior to (anticipatory), immediately after, and 15 and 30min after rotation and by the Nausea Profile (NP) questionnaire immediately after rotation. Cortisol and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α in saliva were sampled at the same time-points. SN and cortisol were also measured at home. Overshadowing reduced anticipatory (conditioned) SN. Post-rotation nausea (i.e. the unconditioned response) measured by the NP decreased within the OS+ group only. Anticipatory cortisol and TNF-α were not affected by overshadowing. Treatment × gender interactions manifested for post-rotation cortisol and TNF-α. Groups did not differ in SN and cortisol at home. Overshadowing is effective in reducing symptoms of anticipatory nausea and rotation-induced unconditioned nausea; its effect on endocrine and immunological parameters is gender specific. Its application in alleviation of anticipatory nausea in cancer patients is considered.

Outcomes of endoscopy and computed tomography in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common disease diagnosed based on a combination of symptoms, imaging, and/or endoscopy. Computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard in diagnosis of CRS due to inherent low sensitivity of endoscopy. We sought to assess the correlation between symptoms, endoscopy, and imaging in order to reduce the number of CTs without decreasing diagnostic accuracy. Retrospective review of a single practitioner's patients from 2008 to 2010 who presented for evaluation of CRS. Data on demographics, symptoms, and endoscopic and CT findings were collected and analyzed. Exclusion criteria included patients with prior surgery, no imaging, and those that failed to meet the 2007 CRS Task Force symptom criteria. A total of 244 patients met the Task Force symptom criteria. Using CT as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of endoscopy alone was 36%, 95%, 89%, and 55%, respectively. The number of symptoms (NOS) strongly correlated with the absence or presence of disease (p < 0.01). Incorporating NOS into a CRS diagnostic algorithm improved sensitivity and NPV of nasal endoscopy to 82% and 79% while maintaining its specificity and PPV at 82% and 84%, respectively. Applying our algorithm retrospectively would have resulted in a reduction in the number of CTs by 69%, resulting in an acceptable 10% (n = 24/244) false negative rate and 8% (n = 20/244) false positive rate. Incorporating number of symptoms in a CRS diagnostic algorithm may drastically reduce the number of CTs needed. Clinical diagnostic accuracy is enhanced with this new algorithm while significantly reducing the cost and radiation burden of CTs.

FC27-02 - Psychiatric co-morbidity predicts acute hospitalization among adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus

IntroductionDuring the 90's, there was a dramatic increase (more than 200%) of the incidence of type 1 diabetes in the Polish pediatric population. During the first decade of onset of the disease, 48% of the prospectively monitored children developed psychiatric disorders.ObjectivesTo determine the influence of psychiatric co-morbidity on hospitalization for complications among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM).MethodsOne hundred seventy patients (age range: 8-18 years) with T1DM were evaluated using semi-structured diagnostic interview (K-SADS-PL). Current and past episodes of psychopathology were assessed according to DSM-IV criteria. The effect of psychiatric symptoms for number and times of hospitalizations due to medical complications per year was assessed by using General Linear Model. The mean time of observation was 4,0 ± 2,0 years.ResultsThe median number of days per year of acute hospitalizations was 4,0 (Interquartile Range 0.0-6.8) for group with co-morbidity and 2.6 (0.0–4.6) for group without; also the median of average number of hospitalizations was 0.4 (0.0–0.8) and 0.3 (0.0–0.5) respectively. Psychiatric co-morbidity was associated with number (beta = 0.19; p &lt; 0.05) and duration of hospitalizations (beta = 0.16; p &lt; 0.05) per year.ConclusionsYoung people with type 1 diabetes and psychiatric co-morbidity are at increased risk of hospitalization for disease complications. Interventions aimed at routine psychiatric screening followed by treatment may decrease the number of acute hospitalizations.

A Double-Blind, Randomized, Homeopathic Pathogenetic Trial with Healthy Persons: Comparing Two High Potencies

Background and Objective: According to homeopathictheory, symptoms provoked by the homeopathic remedyin a pathogenetic trial (PT) make up the remedy pictureserving as the basis for the homeopathic treatment. Littleis known whether the symptoms produced by the remedydiffer from symptoms produced by placebo. This isbecause both homeopathic remedy and placebo alsoproduce so-called unspecific effects due to psychologicalreasons. We therefore explore the distinctiveness ofhomeopathic symptoms and placebo symptoms. Design:A three-armed, randomized PT pilot study. Setting: Ablinded materia medica expert identifies symptoms withregard to their number and specificity. Participants: 21healthy homeopathic practitioners note symptoms producedafter remedy intake. Interventions: Patients arerandomly assigned to receive either (1) Calendula officinalis,(2) Ferrum muriaticum, or (3) placebo. After aseven-day baseline symptoms recording period, provingsubstances are taken until symptoms occur. In daily supervisionphone calls, symptoms are verified by the supervisor.Main Outcome Measure: Total number ofsymptoms produced and number of specific symptomsproduced. Outlook: The results showed that both remedies‚produced‚ significantly more symptoms than placebo.With regard to the specificity, the Calendula officinalisgroup displayed more remedy-specific symptomsthan placebo. However, in the Ferrum muriaticum groupmore Calendula symptoms than placebo were alsorecorded.