Symmetric Setup Research Articles

Spontaneous symmetry breaking of cooperation between species.

In mutualistic associations, two species cooperate by exchanging goods or services with members of another species for their mutual benefit. At the same time, competition for reproduction primarily continues with members of their own species. In intra-species interactions, the prisoner's dilemma is the leading mathematical metaphor to study the evolution of cooperation. Here we consider inter-species interactions in the spatial prisoner's dilemma, where members of each species reside on one lattice layer. Cooperators provide benefits to neighbouring members of the other species at a cost to themselves. Hence, interactions occur across layers but competition remains within layers. We show that rich and complex dynamics unfold when varying the cost-to-benefit ratio of cooperation, r. Four distinct dynamical domains emerge that are separated by critical phase transitions, each characterized by diverging fluctuations in the frequency of cooperation: (i) for large r cooperation is too costly and defection dominates; (ii) for lower r cooperators survive at equal frequencies in both species; (iii) lowering r further results in an intriguing, spontaneous symmetry breaking of cooperation between species with increasing asymmetry for decreasing r; (iv) finally, for small r, bursts of mutual defection appear that increase in size with decreasing r and eventually drive the populations into absorbing states. Typically, one species is cooperating and the other defecting and hence establish perfect asymmetry. Intriguingly and despite the symmetrical model set-up, natural selection can nevertheless favour the spontaneous emergence of asymmetric evolutionary outcomes where, on average, one species exploits the other in a dynamical equilibrium.

Comparing Electrode Overpotential Contributions in Vrfbs Amongst Multiple Techniques

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) offer a potential remedy for the escalating need for energy storage amid the ongoing transition from carbon-intensive fossil energy to renewable energy sources. Yet, many RFB chemistries are shown to have low energy efficiencies which can be attributed, in part, to ineffective electrode materials. Identifying overpotential contributions from electrodes under operating conditions is a key step in understanding how to design better RFB electrodes Previously, three-electrode setups using rotating disk electrodes (RDE) were the effective technique at isolating overpotentials; however, this can only be accomplished by looking at one side of the RFB at a time. RDEs do not easily replicate the operational conditions of a power cell or the porous nature of carbon electrodes used in RFBs. Alongside the normal operation of an RFB, symmetry cells are another approach that can be utilized in quantifying the performance of electrodes. The advantage of a symmetrical cell setup allows us to monitor the overpotential contributions of two different electrodes in the same electrolyte concurrently. Membrane-based reference electrodes (MBRE), and other reference electrode integration concepts, allow us to use three-electrode techniques in operational RFB power cells. As a case study, we examined the effect of oxidative electrode treatments on the positive and negative side of the VRFB using multiple methods. While other studies have shown that an untreated negative electrode may be the key inhibitor in VRFB performance, we have quantified the overpotential at 50% state of charge to be 194 mV when 50 mA cm-2 is applied. After an oxidative treatment is applied to the negative electrode, the overpotential is reduced to 111 mV. Applying this to other techniques, we can compare the effectiveness of a non-symmetry cell setup vs. a symmetry cell setup, which displayed that oxidative treatment techniques appear to have an opposite effect on the positive electrode. A treated-positive electrode shows an overpotential of around 100 mV whereas an untreated-positive electrode only contributes 15 mV less of overpotential. These findings are further compared using common reference electrodes placed in the electrolyte tank, providing insights into the effectiveness of power cell techniques in improving RFB electrode performance.

An aqueous symmetric supercapacitor with wide window and high energy density using redox electrode of Cu-Al-layered double hydroxides and λ-manganese dioxide.

Manganese oxide is a potential agent in the field of energy storage owing to its changeable redox characteristics, high theoretical specific capacitance and valence shells for charge transfer. On the other hand, due to huge surface area, affordability, customisable composition, layered structure and high theoretical specific capacitance, layered double hydroxides, or LDHs, have drawn a lot of interest. This study employs a three-electrode setup to investigate the supercapacitive performance of λ-manganese dioxide/Cu-Al LDH composite at different compositional ratios. To enhance the adhesive and conductivity capabilities, 10% of CNT additive and PVDF binder are added for the composites. Out of all the composites, the one with the greatest weight percentage of λ-manganese dioxide shows the best electrode performance with a superior specific capacitance of 164 F/g at a scan rate of 10mV/s. Additionally, using a symmetrical two-electrode setup, the best-performing electrode is examined. The result shows an exceptional potential window of 2.7V in a basic electrolyte, a power density of 4.04kW/kg at 3 A/g, an energy density of 20.32 Wh/kg at 1 A/g, and a specific capacitance of 37 F/g.

Cost-effective one-time configuration for bridge-linked thermoelectric generator array using INFO optimizer

One of the key mechanisms of enhancing the power output of Thermoelectric Generators (TEG) under nonuniform temperature distribution (NUTD) is to restructure their arrays to disperse the NUTD profiles. Existing research works in this area primarily propose dynamic reconfiguration techniques of TEG arrays as a potential solution to maximize their output powers while taking no notice of the highly associated costs of their implementation, i.e., sensors, switches, and maintenance, in addition to the complexity of operation and limited service lifetime of switches. To alleviate these drawbacks, this paper introduces an optimization model for a one-time configuration (OTC) of TEG arrays to maximize their output powers while accommodating multiple NUTD profiles simultaneously. Using the INFO optimizer, the introduced optimization model yields the OTC layout for both symmetrical and asymmetrical TEG arrays across various NUTD scenarios. Given its superior performance, the optimization model is applied to the bridge-linked (BL) TEG array and compared to other configurations such as series (S), series-parallel (SP), and standard BL. The results of the proposed OTC model are compared with (1) standard, non-optimized SP and BL configurations and (2) different dynamic-based reconfiguration techniques. Further, the performance of the proposed model is tested and validated experimentally in the laboratory for the available symmetrical hardware setup, 5 × 5, TEG array under varying NUTD profiles. Compared to dynamic reconfigurations, the results show that the proposed OTC technique provides a partially optimal and cost-effective solution to enhance the output power of TEG arrays under different NUTD. Specifically, for 9×9 and 10×15 TEG arrays, the OTC saves approximately 1,498.5 ($) and 2750 ($) compared to dynamic reconfigurations, respectively. Moreover, BL-based OTC enhances the TEG array harvested power by maximum values of 1.7532%, 2.43%, and 3.156% compared with the standard S, SP, and BL configurations, respectively, based on the hardware setup. Throughout the detailed comparison between the proposed OTC and dynamic reconfiguration techniques, this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of the trade-offs between these configuration techniques and addresses a critical gap in the current research landscape of enhancing the output powers of TEG arrays.

Surface Heating Calculation of Composite Material Under the Influence of an Electron Beam on the Surface

Introduction. Modern plasma magnetic confinement systems use tungsten as a material in contact with plasma. Under the influence of high-density plasma irradiation, tungsten undergoes cracking, intense erosion, and macro-particle emission. High-temperature ceramics are considered a promising material for protective coating of plasma components, as they are resistant to thermal loads. One possible solution could be a boron carbide coating, which has a high melting temperature.Materials and Methods. The impact of an electron beam on samples of rolled tungsten and boron carbide and tungsten composite was studied in experiments on the BETA setup. The heat from the beam propagates into the samples, with the maximum temperature reached at the center and decreasing towards the edges. The modeling area represents a cross-section of the samples, optimal for a task with a cylindrical coordinate system. The numerical implementation is based on the correction scheme and the marching method.Results. A new model of heating the boron carbide and tungsten composite sample under the influence of surface heating by an electron beam is presented. The model is based on solving the heat conduction equation in an axially symmetric setup with constant values of specific heat capacity, density, and thermal conductivity of metals.Discussion and Conclusions. An analysis of the model of heating the composite material under the influence of surface heating by an electron beam at constant values of density, thermal conductivity, and specific heat capacity has been conducted. The modeling results are in demand for analyzing experimental results and planning experiments at the Beam of Electrons for Materials Test Applications (BETA) facility, created at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS.

Dimensional reduction in quantum optics

One-dimensional quantum optical models usually rest on the intuition of large-scale separation or frozen dynamics associated with the different spatial dimensions, for example when studying quasi one-dimensional atomic dynamics, potentially resulting in the violation of (3+1)-dimensional Maxwell's theory. Here, we provide a rigorous foundation for this approximation by means of the light-matter interaction. We show how the quantized electromagnetic field can be decomposed—exactly—into an infinite number of living on a lower-dimensional subspace and containing the entirety of the spectrum when studying axially symmetric setups, such as with an optical fiber, a laser beam, or a waveguide. The approximation then corresponds to a truncation in the number of such subfields that in turn, when considering the interaction with for instance an atom, corresponds to a modification to the atomic spatial profile. We explore under what conditions the standard approach is justified and when corrections are necessary in order to account for the dynamics due to the neglected spatial dimensions. In particular we examine what role vacuum fluctuations and structured laser modes play in the validity of the approximation. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Tetrabutylammonium bromide incorporated hydrated deep eutectic solvents: Simultaneously addressing anode stability and cathode efficiency in zinc-bromine batteries

Stationary zinc–bromine batteries are promising next-generation energy solution. However, their commercialization has been challenged by the instability of Zn metal at the anode and the cross-diffusion of redox-active bromine at the cathode. In this work, we present a strategy to concurrently address the issues at both electrodes by utilizing a hydrated deep eutectic solvent (HDES) electrolyte incorporating tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr). TBABr plays a pivotal dual role: it stabilizes Zn metal by creating a protective layer at the anode and minimizes bromine cross-diffusion by forming solid complexes with Br3– species at the cathode. Given the challenge posed by the low solubility of TBABr for its effective utilization, we systematically fine-tuned the HDES composition by adjusting the Zn-to-halide ratio, varying the water content, and incorporating ethylene glycol. This electrolyte enables the Zn anode to cycle for 3300 h at 0.5 mA/cm2 and 0.5 mAh/cm2 in a symmetric pouch-cell setup. In a full-cell configuration, the cell exhibited a record-high specific capacity of 297 mAh/g while maintaining stability over 11,500 cycles with 99.9 % coulombic efficiency.

Discrimination and certification of unknown quantum measurements

We study the discrimination of von Neumann measurements in the scenario when we are given a reference measurement and some other measurement. The aim of the discrimination is to determine whether the other measurement is the same as the first one. We consider the cases when the reference measurement is given without the classical description and when its classical description is known. Both cases are studied in the symmetric and asymmetric discrimination setups. Moreover, we provide optimal certification schemes enabling us to certify a known quantum measurement against the unknown one.

Quantification of Regression Test Suite Execution Time in Parallel Execution Setup with Weighted Test Suite Split Algorithm

Regression test suite execution time study focus is essentially on two aspects. They are execution time reduction and making effective use of available hardware resources and manpower. This paper investigates how the regression test suite can be split into subsets to make use of parallel execution across several machines with identical execution speeds and asymmetrical execution speeds. In the symmetrical execution speed setup, long test execution time test cases are evenly distributed across all the hardware machines. However, in asymmetrical execution speed machines, more test cases are distributed to speed machines to make efficient use of hardware resources. In all the situations where there is automation tool to execute the individual test cases of test suite this approach can be employed to make effective use of hardware resources and to keep the execution time within bounds. The Algorithms can also be used in situations where there are queues involved and serial, fixed time service takes place for each of the entity being served.

Quantification of Regression Test Suite Execution Time in Parallel Execution Setup with Weighted Test Suite Split Algorithm

Regression test suite execution time study focus is essentially on two aspects. They are execution time reduction and making effective use of available hardware resources and manpower. This paper investigates how the regression test suite can be split into subsets to make use of parallel execution across several machines with identical execution speeds and asymmetrical execution speeds. In the symmetrical execution speed setup, long test execution time test cases are evenly distributed across all the hardware machines. However, in asymmetrical execution speed machines, more test cases are distributed to speed machines to make efficient use of hardware resources. In all the situations where there is automation tool to execute the individual test cases of test suite this approach can be employed to make effective use of hardware resources and to keep the execution time within bounds. The Algorithms can also be used in situations where there are queues involved and serial, fixed time service takes place for each of the entity being served.

Transmission line revisited - the impedance of mixed ionic and electronic conductors.

This contribution provides a comprehensive guide for evaluating the one-dimensional impedance response of dense mixed ionic and electronic conductors based on a physically derived transmission line model. While mass and charge transport through the bulk of a mixed conductor is always described by three fundamental parameters (chemical capacitance, ionic conductivity and electronic conductivity), it is the nature of the contact interfaces that largely determines the observed impedance response. Thus, to allow an intuitive adaptation of the transmission line model for any specific measurement situation, the physical meanings of terminal impedance elements at the ionic and electronic rail ends are explicitly discussed. By distinguishing between charge transfer terminals and electrochemical reaction terminals, the range of possible measurement configurations is categorized into symmetrical, SOFC-type and battery-type setups, all of which are explored on the basis of practical examples from the literature. Also, the transformation of an SOFC electrode into a battery electrode and the relevance of side reactions for the impedance of battery electrodes is discussed.

Step Potential Electrochemical Spectroscopy (SPECS) Technique to Investigate the Ageing of Carbon Electrodes in Organic-Based Electrochemical Capacitors

Current research on electrode degradation in electrochemical capacitors (ECs) mainly focuses on the application of new materials and the establishment of their stability on the basis of various standards and qualitative tests. However, there exists limited research that focuses on the elucidation and determination of the degradation mechanisms and pathways of carbon electrodes. The proposed study uses an innovative approach with the use of the Step Potential Electrochemical Spectroscopy (SPECS) technique, which allows one to quantify the contribution of different charge-storing mechanisms, and successfully track any changes that take place after accelerated ageing, including structural changes of the electrode in the organic medium. Additionally, the role of oxygen content on the degradation of ECs was explored.In this report carbon material, namely binder-free Activated Carbon Cloth (ACC) Kynol® 507-20 was prepared in a furnace under a nitrogen atmosphere at different temperatures, namely 120, 500, and 1000ᵒC. This is so that the effect of the presence of different oxygen functional groups on the surface of carbon could be investigated. The material was selected as a self-standing electrode to eliminate any influence the binder would have on the electrode porosity. Subsequently, these materials were prepared as electrode materials and assembled in a symmetric two-electrode setup with 1M TEABF4/AN (tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate in Acetonitrile solvent). In each cell, the potential range of both electrodes was first determined in a 2-electrode Swagelok® cell with RE using galvanostatic charge/discharge (1 A g-1). The further procedure involved 3 CV cycles (1 mV s-1) at a predetermined potential for each electrode in a 3-electrode set-up, followed by SPECS measurement where 5-minute potentiostatic hold with 10 mV potential steps was applied. The obtained current vs. time plots were used to calculate the corresponding capacitance, diffusion and residual parameters. Floating tests at 2.7 V were then carried out for each system. According to the international standard (IEC 62391-1), system failure is reported when the initial capacitance drops below 80% of its initial value; thus floating experiments were halted after that value was reached for each system or when the resistance of the cell doubled in value. The electrochemical investigation of the individual aged electrodes was then repeated in the same manner.Our study allowed for a thorough examination of individual electrodes prior to and after floating experiments, which helped to elucidate the degradation causes and pathways in organic medium.

Bayesian design of measurements for magnetorelaxometry imaging *

The aim of magnetorelaxometry imaging is to determine the distribution of magnetic nanoparticles inside a subject by measuring the relaxation of the superposition magnetic field generated by the nanoparticles after they have first been aligned using an external activation magnetic field that has subsequently been switched off. This work applies techniques of Bayesian optimal experimental design to (sequentially) selecting the positions for the activation coil in order to increase the value of data and enable more accurate reconstructions in a simplified measurement setup. Both Gaussian and total variation (TV) prior models are considered for the distribution of the nanoparticles. The former allows simultaneous offline computation of optimized designs for multiple consecutive activations, while the latter introduces adaptability into the algorithm by using previously measured data in choosing the position of the next activation. The TV prior has a desirable edge-enhancing characteristic, but with the downside that the computationally attractive Gaussian form of the posterior density is lost. To overcome this challenge, the lagged diffusivity iteration is used to provide an approximate Gaussian posterior model and allow the use of the standard Bayesian A- and D-optimality criteria for the TV prior as well. Two-dimensional numerical experiments are performed on a few sample targets, with the conclusion that the optimized activation positions lead, in general, to better reconstructions than symmetric reference setups when the target distribution or region of interest are nonsymmetric in shape.

Impact of Nano‐sized Inorganic Fillers on PEO‐based Electrolytes for Potassium Batteries

AbstractThe low melting points of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) based on the KTFSI electrolyte salt allow comparatively low operation temperatures (below 50 °C) for K‐ion batteries, unlike their Li or Na counterparts. Unfortunately, for this reason the electrolyte is also rendered mechanically unsuitable in its function to act as a cell separator. Therefore, in this work the use of inorganic nanofillers (Al2O3 and SiO2) is explored with the aim to improve rheological, thermal and cation transport properties of the resulting polymer composite electrolytes. Their electrochemical properties were further examined in K‐metal symmetrical cells and K‐metal/SPE/K2Fe[Fe(CN)6] cells and compared to corresponding liquid electrolyte systems. As a result of particle‐polymer interactions, filler‐containing SPEs showed higher degrees of crystallinity combined with filler polymer interaction and thus improved mechanical integrity in the relevant temperature range of 25–55 °C, while maintaining similar ionic conductivities than a filler‐free sample above the melting temperature. Although plating‐stripping experiments in symmetrical cell setups suggested high cell resistances for various compositions and in some cases even rapid cell failure, Al2O3‐based SPEs generally displayed high capacity retention when cycled against a positive electrode (here Prussian blue analogue K2Fe[Fe(CN)6]) over 100–160 cycles and possibly beyond.

Analytical Solutions to Characterize Through-Plane Inhomogeneity of Porous Electrodes Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

Characterization of through-plane inhomogeneity in porous media requires knowledge of the distribution of porosity, tortuosity, and double-layer capacitance across the thickness. The thickness-averaged or apparent values of these parameters may not be sufficient to model the transport processes in batteries and fuel cells accurately. Cleverly designed through-plane inhomogeneities can improve the performance of electrochemical systems (e.g., graded-porosity electrodes for batteries or gas diffusion media for fuel cell). In some cases, inhomogeneity can result from manufacturing steps; for example, tortuosity variation due to binder migration in the fast slurry-drying step. In this work, we extend the impedance-based approach to characterize the inhomogeneity of a porous electrode in the through-plane direction. We derive analytical expressions for the impedance response of an electrode having three types of inhomogeneities (step-wise, linear, and inverse-linear variation) in a symmetric cell setup having non-reacting electrode/electrolyte interface (blocking electrode or electrolyte method). We also provide perturbation-theory based approximate solutions and expressions for semi-infinite domain to enable the development of an impedance-based fitting tool for inhomogeneous electrodes. In the end, we provide an impedance-based experimental investigation of gas diffusion media (composite layer) using symmetric cell setup to demonstrate the applicability of the theory and understanding derived in this work.

Characteristics of a tip-vortex generated by a single rotor used in agricultural spraying drone

A better understanding of downwash flow is required to increase the efficiency of unmanned aerial vehicle sprayers. The tip vortex rolled up by the rotor blade tip rotating at high speed produces a complex induced velocity field, which has an important impact on the downwash flow in the wake of the rotor. Usually, a symmetrical experimental setup with a central rotor support perpendicular to the rotation plane is used in studies on rotating blade wake and vortices, potentially leading to differences in observed wake and vortices in real situations. whereas in reality, the rotor is typically supported by a parallel arm extending below the rotor in the rotation plane. It is crucial to consider these differences for accurate results in analyzing blade rotation. The behavior of the tip vortices, dynamic characteristics, and velocity field of the rotor wake in agricultural drone single-rotor downwash flow was experimentally investigated using particle image velocimetry (PIV) combined with high-speed camera imaging. The dynamics of blade tip vortices at different wake ages and rotational speeds of the rotor, 1000–3000 rpm, were measured and analyzed. The results indicate that in the early stages of a vortex's life, tip vortices generated by rotors do not have an axisymmetric structure, and the swirl velocity in the core decreases logarithmically as the wake age increases. Vortex models were validated by examining the swirl velocity structure of the tip of the vortex. Vortices within the vortex core exhibit a comparable self-similar velocity profile to the Iverson model's laminar profile, despite the transition flow outside the vortex core. With these measurements, the behavior of vortices in the rotor’s wake could be described with generalized semi-empirical models.

Tyrosine-dopamine conjugate head group functionalized bioinspired naphthalene diimide bolaamphiphile: Design, synthesis and efficient supercapacitor applications

Organic material based energy storage devices have been received tremendous attention due to their environmentally friendly and renewable source. Such molecular architectures are regarded as the promising candidates in fabricating lightweight and flexible electrode materials for supercapacitors (SCs). In this work, we designed and successfully synthesized neurotransmitter, dopamine (DP) and natural amino acid, L-tyrosine (Tyr) conjugate functionalized naphthalene diimide (NDI) based electrode materials for SCs electrodes. The resulting electrode material naphthalenediimide-tyrosine-dopamine (NDI-Tyr-DP) in combination with graphite foil (GF) possess higher specific capacitance (Csp) of about 303 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1 scan rate (cyclic voltammetry, CV) and 318 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 current density (GCD) in three-electrode system SC device. In a symmetric two-electrode SC setup, the NDI-Tyr-DP/GF electrode exhibited highest Csp up to 85 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 current density, which is the competitive value reported for the organic systems. The as-fabricated NDI-Tyr-DP/GF//NDI-Tyr-DP/GF two-electrode symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) showed high energy density of 10.63 Wh kg−1 and power density of 899 W kg−1 at 0.5 A g−1. SSC displayed 77.10 % capacitance retention after 5000 GCD cycles. We expect that the design and construction of SCs with naturally important smart functionalities can open a door to develop new kind of SCs for energy storage devices in future microelectronic areas.

Designing of a Free-Standing Flexible Symmetric Electrode Material for Capacitive Deionization and Solid-State Supercapacitors

In this work, a highly efficient free-standing flexible electrode material for capacitive deionization and supercapacitors was reported. The reported porous carbon shows a high surface area of 2070.4 m2 g–1 with a pore volume of 0.8208 cm3 g–1. The material exhibited a high specific capacitance of 357 F g–1 at 1 A g–1 in a two-electrode symmetric setup. A solid-state supercapacitor device has been fabricated with a total cell capacitance of 152.5 F g–1 at 1 A g–1 in a solid PVA/H2SO4 gel electrolyte with an energy density of 21.18 W h kg–1 at a 501.63 W kg–1power density. A long-run stability test was carried out up to 15,000 cycles at 5 A g–1 that showed capacitance retention of 99% with ∼100% Coulombic efficiency. Furthermore, the electrosorption experiment was conducted by a flow-through test by coating on commercially available cellulose thread that was employed, which shows electrosorption ability up to 16.5 mg g–1 at 1.2 V in a 500 mg L–1 NaCl solution. Complete experiments were conducted with a proper procedure, provided by scientific approaches with analytical data. Thus, the reported electrode material showed bifunctional application for energy storage and environmental remediation.

A magnetic particle imaging in anisotropic magnetic manipulation platform

Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) has been demonstrated as the most promising imaging technology for monitoring distribution of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) at high sensitivity, high resolution, and fast imaging speed. Up to now, most published researches use the symmetric setups with multiple orthogonal pairs of coils. However, this poses a size and controllable degrees-of-freedom limitation for 3D manipulation tasks. The difficulties of field-free point (FFP) estimation and interferences of the core materials limit the MPI integration into other types of magnetic configuration. Thus, this paper presents a feasibility study of the integration of the MPI function in the anisotropic magnetic platform. A FFP generation method in anisotropic structures with various magnetic sources is derived and numerically investigated. The tracking performances are then demonstrated in both in-vitro and in-vivo experiments using one of the selected anisotropic structures. To date, the function of the proposed system is limited to tracking the particle. The experimental results on tracking the MNPs show a tracking accuracy of around 1 mm. Our proposed methodology allows the current magnetic actuation systems to upgrade the functionalities of simultaneous manipulation and localization.

Exceptional long-term stability of titanium oxynitride nanoparticles as non-carbon-based electrodes for aerated saline water capacitive deionization

Carbon-based capacitive deionization (CDI) electrodes suffer from long-lasting stability challenges due to sets of parasitic side reactions, including the high oxidation rate of the electrodes during the desalination process. Consequently, it is essential to identify, design, and fabricate novel electrodes that overcome such challenges to achieve robust and high desalination performance. This work reports on the fabrication and utilization of titanium oxynitride (TixOyNz) nanoparticles as stable non‑carbon-electrodes for capacitive deionization. The oxynitride nanoparticles were synthesized via a simple template-free approach and fully characterized using XRD, XPS, Raman, SEM, and BET techniques. Moreover, the fabricated electrodes were electrochemically evaluated via cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The electrode exhibited a pseudocapacitance behavior with a specific capacitance of 150 F/g. A symmetric configuration CDI setup was constructed, enabling the investigation of the effect of different flow rates and voltages. Remarkably, the TixOyNz CDI cell revealed a salt adsorption capacity (SAC) of up to 56.6 mg/g with fast adsorption kinetics. Moreover, the electrodes retained ~100% of its initial SAC even after 1960 cycles over 110 days of continuous testing. Furthermore, several post- characterization techniques such as XPS, XRD, FTIR, and potential of zero charge have been deeply studied and analyzed to unravel the observed exceptional stability of the tested electrodes.