Symmetric Black Hole Solutions Research Articles

Regular and Black Hole Skyrmions with Axisymmetry

It has been known that a B=2 skyrmion is axially symmetric. We consider the Skyrme model coupled to gravity and obtain static axially symmetric regular and black hole solutions numerically. Computing the energy density of the skyrmion, we discuss the effect of gravity to the energy density and baryon density of the skyrmion.

Scalar hairy black holes and solitons in asymptotically flat spacetimes

A numerical analysis shows that a class of scalar-tensor theories of gravity with a scalar field minimally and nonminimally coupled to the curvature allows static and spherically symmetric black hole solutions with scalar-field hair in asymptotically flat spacetimes. In the limit when the horizon radius of the black hole tends to zero, regular scalar solitons are found. The asymptotically flat solutions are obtained provided that the scalar potential $V(\phi)$ of the theory is not positive semidefinite and such that its local minimum is also a zero of the potential, the scalar field settling asymptotically at that minimum. The configurations for the minimal coupling case, although unstable under spherically symmetric linear perturbations, are regular and thus can serve as counterexamples to the no-scalar-hair conjecture. For the nonminimal coupling case, the stability will be analyzed in a forthcoming paper.

Thermodynamic properties of massive dilaton black holes. II

We numerically reanalyze static and spherically symmetric black hole solutions in an Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton system with a dilaton potential $m_{d}^{2}\phi^{2}$. We investigate thermodynamic properties for various dilaton coupling constants and find that thermodynamic properties change at a critical dilaton mass $m_{d,crit}$. For $m_{d}\geq m_{d,crit}$, the black hole becomes an extreme solution for a nonzero horizon radius $r_{h,ex}$ as the Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole. However, if $m_{d}$ is nearly equal to $m_{d,crit}$, there appears a solution of smaller horizon radius than $r_{h,ex}$. For $m_{d}<m_{d,crit}$, a solution continues to exist until the horizon approaches zero. The Hawking temperature in the zero horizon limit resembles that of a massless dilaton black hole for arbitrary dilaton coupling constant.

General spherically symmetric nonsingular black hole solutions in a teleparallel theory of gravitation

I find the most general spherically symmetric nonsingular black hole solution in a special class of teleparallel theory of gravitation. If r is large enough, the general solution coincides with the Schwarzschild solution. Whereas, if r is small, the general solution behaves in a manner similar to that of a de Sitter solution. Otherwise it describes a spherically symmetric black hole singularity free everywhere. Moreover, the energy associated with the general solution is calculated using the superpotential given by M\o{}ller.

Vacuum Non Singular Black Hole Solutions in Tetrad Theory of Gravitation

Starting from a spherically symmetric tetrad with three unknown functions of the radial coordinate, a general solution of M{\o}ller's field equations in case of spherical symmetry nonsingular black hole is derived. The previously obtained solutions are verified as special cases of the general solution. The general solution is characterized by an arbitrary function and two constants of integration. The general solution gives no more than the spherically symmetric nonsingular black hole solution. The energy content of the general solution depends on the asymptotic behavior of the arbitrary function, and is different from the standard one.

Axially symmetric monopoles and black holes in Einstein-Yang-Mills-Higgs theory

We investigate static axially symmetric monopole and black hole solutions with magnetic charge n > 1 in Einstein-Yang-Mills-Higgs theory. For vanishing and small Higgs selfcoupling, multimonopole solutions are gravitationally bound. Their mass per unit charge is lower than the mass of the n=1 monopole. For large Higgs selfcoupling only a repulsive phase exists. The static axially symmetric hairy black hole solutions possess a deformed horizon with constant surface gravity. We consider their properties in the isolated horizon framework, interpreting them as bound states of monopoles and black holes. Representing counterexamples to the ``no-hair'' conjecture, these black holes are neither uniquely characterized by their horizon area and horizon charge.

Thermodynamic properties of massive dilaton black holes

We numerically reanalyze static and spherically symmetric black hole solutions in an Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton system with a dilaton potential. We consider two types of potentials: ${m}_{d}^{2}{\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{2}$ and ${m}_{d}^{2}{S}^{2}(S\ensuremath{-}{1)}^{2}{e}^{S\ensuremath{-}1}/4$ where $S\ensuremath{\mathrel{:=}}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}2\ensuremath{\varphi}},$ which is proposed based on gluino condensation. We investigate thermodynamic properties in both cases and find that the black hole becomes an extreme solution for a finite horizon radius when a dilaton potential does not vanish. As a result, the Hawking temperature approaches zero in the extreme limit whereas it approaches a finite nonzero value in this limit for the massless dilaton case. This implies that a small amount of the dilaton mass changes the final fate of the black hole.

Gravitating sphalerons and sphaleron black holes in asymptotically anti–de Sitter spacetime

Numerical arguments are presented for the existence of spherically symmetric regular and black hole solutions of the EYMH equations with a negative cosmological constant. These solutions approach asymptotically the anti-de Sitter spacetime. The main properties of the solutions and the differences with respect to the asymptotically flat case are discussed. The instability of the gravitating sphaleron solutions is also proven.

TIDAL FORCES IN COLD BLACK HOLE SPACETIMES

We investigate here the behavior of a few spherically symmetric static acclaimed black hole solutions in respect of tidal forces in the geodesic frame. It turns out that the forces diverge on the horizon of cold black holes (CBH) while for ordinary ones, they do not. It is pointed out that Kruskal-like extensions do not render the CBH metrics nonsingular. We present a CBH that is available in the Brans–Dicke theory for which the tidal forces do not diverge on the horizon and in that sense it is a better one.

Dyonic BIon black hole in string inspired model

We construct static and spherically symmetric particle-like and black hole solutions with magnetic and/or electric charge in the Einstein-Born-Infeld-dilaton-axion system, which is a generalization of the Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton-axion (EMDA) system and of the Einstein-Born-Infeld (EBI) system. They have remarkable properties which are not seen for the corresponding solutions in the EMDA and the EBI system.

Black hole solutions in Euler-Heisenberg theory

We construct static and spherically symmetric black hole solutions in the Einstein-Euler-Heisenberg (EEH) system which is considered as an effective action of a superstring theory. We considered electrically charged, magnetically charged and dyon solutions. We can solve analytically for the magnetically charged case. We find that they have some remarkable properties about causality and black hole thermodynamics depending on the coupling constant of the EH theory $a$ and $b$, though they have central singularity as in the Schwarzschild black hole.

Gravitating BIon and BIon black hole with a dilaton

We construct static and spherically symmetric particle-like and black hole solutions with magnetic or electric charge in the Einstein-Born-Infeld-dilaton system, which is a generalization of the Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton (EMD) system and of the Einstein-Born-Infeld (EBI) system. They have remarkable properties which are not seen for the corresponding solutions in the EBI and the EMD system.

Einstein-Yang-Mills isolated horizons: Phase space, mechanics, hair, and conjectures

The concept of "Isolated Horizon" has been recently used to provide a full Hamiltonian treatment of black holes. It has been applied successfully to the cases of {\it non-rotating}, {\it non-distorted} black holes in Einstein Vacuum, Einstein-Maxwell and Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton Theories. In this note, it is investigated the extent to which the framework can be generalized to the case of non-Abelian gauge theories where `hairy black holes' are known to exist. It is found that this extension is indeed possible, despite the fact that in general, there is no `canonical normalization' yielding a preferred Horizon Mass. In particular the zeroth and first laws are established for all normalizations. Colored static spherically symmetric black hole solutions to the Einstein-Yang-Mills equations are considered from this perspective. A canonical formula for the Horizon Mass of such black holes is found. This analysis is used to obtain nontrivial relations between the masses of the colored black holes and the regular solitonic solutions in Einstein-Yang-Mills theory. A general testing bed for the instability of hairy black holes in general non-linear theories is suggested. As an example, the embedded Abelian magnetic solutions are considered. It is shown that, within this framework, the total energy is also positive and thus, the solutions are potentially unstable. Finally, it is discussed which elements would be needed to place the Isolated Horizons framework for Einstein-Yang-Mills theory in the same footing as the previously analyzed cases. Motivated by these considerations and using the fact that the Isolated Horizons framework seems to be the appropriate language to state uniqueness and completeness conjectures for the EYM equations --in terms of the horizon charges--, two such conjectures are put forward.

Infinitely coloured black holes

We formulate the field equations for SU() Einstein-Yang-Mills theory, and use an analytic approximation to elucidate the properties of spherically symmetric black hole solutions. This model may be motivated by string theory considerations, given the enormous gauge symmetries which characterize string theory. The solutions simplify considerably in the presence of a negative cosmological constant, particularly for the limiting cases of a very large cosmological constant or very small gauge field. The black holes possess infinite amounts of gauge field hair, and we speculate on possible consequences of this for quantum decoherence, which, however, we do not tackle here.

Absence of static, spherically symmetric black hole solutions for Einstein–Dirac–Yang/Mills equations with complete fermion shells

We study a static, spherically symmetric system of (2j+1) massive Dirac particles, each having angular momentum j, j=1,2,..., in a classical gravitational and SU(2) Yang-Mills field. We show that for any black hole solution of the associated Einstein-Dirac-Yang/Mills equations, the spinors must vanish identically outside of the event horizon.

Brown-York quasilocal energy, gravitational charge, and black hole horizons

We study a recently proposed horizon defining identity for certain black hole spacetimes. It relates the difference of the Brown-York quasilocal energy and the Komar charge at the horizon to the total energy of the spacetime. The Brown-York quasilocal energy is evaluated for some specific choices of spacetime foliations. With a certain condition imposed on the matter distribution, we prove this identity for spherically symmetric static black hole solutions of general relativity. For these cases, we show that the identity can be derived from a Gauss-Codacci condition that any three-dimensional timelike boundary embedded around the hole must obey. We also demonstrate the validity of the identity in other cases by explicitly applying it to several static, non-static, asymptotically flat, and asymptotically non-flat black hole solutions. These include the asymptotically FRW solutions and the case of a black hole with a global monopole charge.

Non-Abelian Black Holes in Higher Derivative Gravity

The static spherically symmetric black hole solutions in R+αR2 gravity coupled to a massive Yang-Mills field, namely, a Proca field are studied. Through the numerical integrations, it is shown that for positive α, there exist two distinct classes of solutions which have the horizon. One class approaches the Schwarzschild solution and the other may be interpreted as black holes with the new hair due to the αR2 term.

Static axially symmetric Einstein-Yang-Mills-dilaton solutions. II. Black hole solutions

We discuss the new class of static axially symmetric black hole solutions obtained recently in Einstein-Yang-Mills and Einstein-Yang-Mills-dilaton theory. These black hole solutions are asymptotically flat and they possess a regular event horizon. The event horizon is almost spherically symmetric with a slight elongation along the symmetry axis. The energy density of the matter fields is angle-dependent at the horizon. The static axially symmetric black hole solutions satisfy a simple relation between mass, dilaton charge, entropy and temperature. The black hole solutions are characterized by two integers, the winding number $n$ and the node number $k$ of the purely magnetic gauge field. With increasing node number the magnetically neutral black hole solutions form sequences tending to limiting solutions with magnetic charge $n$, corresponding to Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton black hole solutions for finite dilaton coupling constant and to Reissner-Nordstr\o{}m black hole solutions for vanishing dilaton coupling constant.

Charged SU(N) Einstein-Yang-Mills black holes

We consider asymptotically flat static spherically symmetric black hole solutions in SU(N) Einstein-Yang-Mills theory. Embedding the N-dimensional representation of $su(2)$ in $su(N)$, the purely magnetic gauge field ansatz contains $N-1$ functions. When one or more of these gauge field functions are identically zero, magnetically charged EYM black hole solutions emerge, consisting of a neutral and a charged gauge field part, based on non-abelian subalgebras and the Cartan subalgebra of $su(N)$, respectively. We classify these charged black hole solutions in general and present numerical solutions for SU(5) EYM theory.

Black holes in N = 2 supergravity theories and harmonic functions

We present dyonic BPS static black hole solutions for general d = 4, N = 2 supergravity theories coupled to vector and hypermultiplets. These solutions are generalisations of the spherically symmetric Majumdar-Papapetrou black hole solutions of Einstein-Maxwell gravity and are completely characterised by a set of constrained harmonic functions. In terms of the underlying special geometry, these harmonic functions are identified with the imaginary part of the holomorphic sections defining the special Kähler manifold and the metric is expressed in terms of the symplectic invariant Kähler potential. The relations of the holomorphic sections to the harmonic functions constitute the “ generalised stabilisation equations” for the moduli fields. In addition to asymptotic flatness, the harmonic functions are also constrained by the requirement that the Kähler connection of the underlying Hodge-Kähler manifold has to vanish in order to obtain static solutions. The behaviour of these solutions near the horizon is also explained.