Form Of Symbolic Violence Research Articles

Identifying Symbolic Violence in the Comic Version of “Cinderella”

This study aims to identify and analyze instances of symbolic violence, a concept introduced by Pierre Bourdieu, in the comic adaptation of the short story "Cinderella." Symbolic violence refers to the subtle, often invisible forms of domination and oppression embedded in social structures and practices. By employing a descriptive qualitative method and applying Bourdieu's theory, this research seeks to illuminate how power imbalances and social hierarchies are perpetuated through seemingly innocuous interactions and cultural norms. The findings reveal that Cinderella experiences various forms of symbolic violence, including acts of domination, excessive demands, favoritism, mockery, emotional manipulation, and the suppression of truth. These instances serve to maintain the status quo and reinforce power dynamics between Cinderella and her oppressors. By exposing these subtle yet pervasive forms of violence, this study contributes to the broader understanding of how symbolic violence operates in literature and society. The insights gained can inform future research on the representation of power dynamics in popular culture and the ways in which symbolic violence shapes social interactions and individual experiences. Ultimately, this study underscores the importance of recognizing and challenging the hidden forms of oppression that often go unnoticed in daily life.

Mobilising resilience to symbolic violence with Chinese international research students in Australia: a Bourdieusian perspective

ABSTRACT Psychological studies on international research students’ resilience to mental distress have attracted much scholarly attention. Yet, sociological inquiries into resilience to ‘invisible’ pressures such as power imbalances remain limited. Drawing insights from Bourdieu’s relational sociology, we recast the psychology of resilience to adversities into a sociology of resilience to symbolic violence. To delve into the latter, we surveyed 220 Chinese international Higher Degree by Research (HDR) students across Australian universities using a self-designed instrument and analysed the data through Multiple Correspondence Analysis. Findings revealed that Chinese international HDR students were drawn into a space of forces fraught with the symbolic violence of supervisor authority, English hegemony, and neoliberalism; yet, simultaneously, they ventured into a space of struggles with such forms of symbolic violence by virtue of their agency and reflexivity as well as peer and supervisor empowerment. Such resilience practice was complicated by their capital portfolio and habitual dispositions, which in turn, contributed differently to their perceptions of symbolic violence and resilience to it. We thereby offer diverse stakeholders strategies in building resilience for (Chinese) international research students within and beyond Australia.

Journey of Violence: Refugee Women’s Experiences Across Three Stages and Places

This article examines violence experienced by refugee women across three distinct (geographic and symbolic) stages and places: in their countries of origin, during the displacement journey, and in the country of asylum. Drawing from a criminological and gender perspective, 24 semi-structured interviews were conducted with refugee women, 14 women were from the Middle East, and 10 women were from Africa, currently residing in Portugal. This study focused on understanding the individual dimensions that provide insight into women’s meanings, intersubjective constructions, and perceptions of their refugee process, using the narrative paradigm. Grounded theory and abduction approaches were used to focus on participants’ active construction of meaning. The research highlights that individual memories of harm and suffering among refugee women are profoundly influenced by encounters with gendered, structural, and symbolic forms of violence. The article presents a three-part analysis of women’s violence narratives, shedding light on their processes of becoming refugees.

Konsep Beauty Privilege Membentuk Kekerasan Simbolik

This research was conducted starting from the majority of Twitter users who expressed their disquiet about beauty privilege or special treatment for someone who was considered "meeting beauty standards". Therefore, it is important to examine how the form of beauty privilege becomes a form of symbolic violence. This study uses a qualitative approach with phenomenological methods, and the data collection techniques used are in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study state that forms of beauty privilege occur based on several environments such as the educational environment, work environment, family environment, friendship environment, and community environment.

Blasphemy and Violence during the Russian Revolution and the Early Years of the Soviet Union

This article analyzes incidents of blasphemy that occurred both during and in the period immediately following the Russian Revolution. The debate on blasphemy in revolutionary Russia was initially tied to the political system and ecclesiastical structure of the Romanov Empire. One possible explanation for this anomaly is the political discourse of a “victorious revolution”, according to which revolutionary turmoil had birthed a modern, progressive and secular society. A reconstruction of debates on blasphemy, and of sacrilege too, do not fit this narrative. The Soviet state used a rhetoric that would historically have been seen as blasphemous as well as actions that would have been dubbed sacrilegious to push its agenda for modernization, for the redistribution of material resources, the de-legitimization of imperial institutions and the neutralization of political opponents. Violence was a steady companion here. It could take the form of repression by removing relics and liturgical vessels that were venerated by individual believers. It could be cleansing whereby the relic of a saint would be destroyed. Violence also emerged in the physical exchanges between State officials and believers resisting the unsealing of relics and usage of liturgical vessels outside of worship or mass as well as countering the expulsion of church valuables. Finally, a form of symbolic violence could be found in the way in which the faithful were forced to attend the display of relics in public exhibition hall or in the photographic coverage of sacrilegious acts. This was a deliberate move to confront and hurt the feelings of individual believers. This was a deliberate move to confront and hurt the feelings of individual believers.

NARASI KEKERASAN SIMBOLIK DAN MELEMBAGA DALAM NOVEL TEROR MORAL KARYA ONGKY ARISTA UA

Symbolic violence is a way that is always used by the dominant class or upper class in the social structure (ma-institutional) of society to impose. mindset,culture, also the lifestyle of the lower class. The focus of this research is on how the form of symbolic violence in the novel Moral Terror, how the institutional character in the novel Moral Terror. This research is a qualitative descriptive research with the main instrument in the research being the researcher. Alone. The purpose of this study is to describe the symbolic violence and institutionalized violence that occurs in the novel Terror Moral by Ongky Arista UA. The focus of the research is 1) violence. symbolic includes the mechanism of euphemism; in the form of twelve. love, giving, and rejection. While the sensorization mechanism; in the form of preservation of positive morals, honor, and decency. 2) institutionalized violence includes social habitus mechanisms found in coastal island communities; in the form of upper class habitus, lower class habitus.

Deserving Freedom: A Bourdieuan Analysis of the Work Experience in a Self Proclaimed Liberated Firm

This study aims to further knowledge on the ambivalent work experience in “liberated” organizations, responding to calls for more empirical evidence on the threats and virtues of popular “new” managerial ideologies. In this article, we empirically draw on the findings of a case study undertaken in a liberated medium-sized enterprise, active in the field of IT consulting. By mapping out how the rules of the game have changed since the self-proclamation of being a liberated firm, we outline how enchanted values of freedom and autonomy serve to mask a new form of symbolic violence. We illustrate how workers themselves are complicit in their own demise by buying into and reproducing the liberated firm ideology whilst paradoxically being silenced and made to feel “freedom unworthy”. This study contributes to deepen our understanding of elusive forms of domination and to reveal ambivalences of worker experience in supposedly happy workplaces. Especially in light of the new world of work and the Covid19-crisis, a better understanding of how the control-autonomy association works is timely.

Pelakor Syar’i: Kekerasan Simbolik Terhadap Perempuan dalam Media Sosial

This article will discuss the comments of netizens about the perpetrators who have made women victims of online gender-based violence (KBGO). The abundance of texts, images, memes, videos and news about perpetrators has made women a legitimate object to be blasphemed, scorned and bullied through social media. Using Michael Foucault's theory of discourse analysis can expose all forms of violence against women on social media, especially those with regard to issues of infidelity and pelakor. The method used by this research is critical discourse analysis where this method seeks to uncover discourses or myths about actors. The results of this study indicate that there has been symbolic violence against women who are referred to as syar'i actors through social media. The discourse or myth of actors syar'i has hegemonized netizens to commit KGBO acts with various forms of symbolic violence by intercepting gender and religion. Identity attacks, cyber bullying, suing women's abuse, and sexual harassment are a collection of violence experienced by women with the stigma of being sharia perpetrators on social media. Often times the KGBO is not recognized by the perpetrators and victims, and this public oppression can only be accepted without resistance.

Domination Portrayal in Sing Movie by Garth Jannings: Symbolic Violence Analysis

This article discusses about symbolic violence in Sing movie. Sing is a 3D animation movie produced by Illumination Entertainment 2016. The characters are animals that act like human with the specific characterization. The reason for choosing this movie because it is much entertaining, and it actually obtained the symbolic violence through its characters. This study is aimed to analyze the issue of symbolic violence, which is usually carried out by the superior owners to dominate people who don’t have power. This study is related to Pierre Bourdieu's theory called symbolic violence. The method of this study is descriptive qualitative. The data were collected through process of watching, pausing and interpreting and then the writer analyzed those data by using the theory of symbolic violence by Pierre Bourdieu. The result of the study shows that the forms of symbolic violence that are symbolic violence of superior to inferior (England to America), symbolic violence of family to children (Big daddy to Johnny), symbolic violence male to female (Rosita’s husband to Rosita), (Lance to Ash), (Grandfather to Meena), (Garth Jennings to Miss Crawly), and symbolic violence between the upper and lower classes (Superior to Jews). The writer concluded that England wanted to show that the super power countries in the world were England, not America. America gets strength from England and also America will not succeed if there is no Asia. Asia has an important role in making America successful and, getting recognition from the England.

Safe from “harm”: The governance of violence by platforms

AbstractA number of issues have emerged related to how platforms moderate and mitigate “harm.” Although platforms have recently developed more explicit policies in regard to what constitutes “hate speech” and “harmful content,” it appears that platforms often use subjective judgments of harm that specifically pertains to spectacular, physical violence—but harm takes on many shapes and complex forms. The politics of defining “harm” and “violence” within these platforms are complex and dynamic, and represent entrenched histories of how control over these definitions extends to people's perceptions of them. Via a critical discourse analysis of policy documents from three major platforms (Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube), we argue that platforms' narrow definitions of harm and violence are not just insufficient but result in these platforms engaging in a form of symbolic violence. Moreover, the platforms position harm as a floating signifier, imposing conceptions of not just what violence is and how it manifests, but who it impacts. Rather than changing the mechanisms of their design that enable harm, the platforms reconfigure intentionality and causality to try to stop users from being “harmful,” which, ironically, perpetuates harm. We provide a number of suggestions, namely a restorative justice‐focused approach, in addressing platform harm.

The production of difference and “becoming Black”: The experiences of female Nigerian doctors and nurses working in the National Health Service

AbstractIn this article, we combine theory from cultural theorist Stuart Hall with phenomenological psychology to analyze the experiences of female Nigerian doctors and nurses working in the National Health Service (NHS). Drawing on 32 interviews with 24 nurses and doctors, our empirical analysis demonstrates how encounters with patients, colleagues and the structures of the NHS collapsed these health care professionals' identities into a single category of Black that produced them as racially different and inferior – a process we describe as “becoming Black.” In this analysis, we emphasize the utility of Hall's legacy to organizational analyses of experience, and the importance of centering race in such works, thereby adding to the wider literature on discrimination and identity. Hall's contributions offer us a framework for conceptualizing identity as in process, as arising in dialog with another, and framed in a historical context shaped by colonialism. Through a phenomenological lens we explore these identity processes, drawing out racialized experiences, and demonstrating “becoming Black” as a form of symbolic violence with real effects related to psychological distress and workplace precarity.

Meme and cyber sexism: Habitus and symbolic violence of patriarchy on the Internet

This study examines the various sexist practices on the Internet called cyber sexism. The Internet seems to become a new world for patriarchal domination. The amount of content, comments, and memes circulating on the Internet and social media, such as Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp harassing women, is proof of the patriarchal power on the Internet. This study used a qualitative method with a feminist perspective, collecting memes through Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp. The memes were then reviewed and interpreted to find their meaning. Using Pierre Bourdieu’s habitus theory and symbolic violence, memes were analyzed to find the factors that cause sexism against women and the logical link between sexist practices in the real world and cyber sexism on the Internet. Results indicate that people’s habitus about patriarchy has become a mental structure of society that influences stereotyped behavior and gender bias and plays an important role in sexism on the Internet. The Internet, as an arena, has become the initial capital for men to dominate. Naming and mentioning women in various memes are the forms of symbolic violence against them that form new sexist habitus on the Internet.

Symbolic violence against a person with intellectual disability in a nursing home care

The system of institutional support should be tailored to the needs and capabilities of the persons using it, ensuring full social development. However, institutional care involves tearing the individual out of real social life, isolating him or her and imposing actions that lead to a specific change. The approach of professionals focuses on restoring a state of normality to people with disabilities at all costs or takes the form of neglecting the needs of the individual through an infantile approach to them. The aim of this paper is to present the results of research on the reconstruction of experiences and interpretations of the experience of symbolic violence by people with intellectual disabilities residing in social welfare homes. The research presented in this paper is set in the interpretative paradigm, which consequently allowed the application of the biographical method with the use of autobiographical narrative interview. The analysis of the empirical material reveals various forms of symbolic violence. Some are the result of imposed assistance, i.e., the system of social policy, which in its essence does not take into account the individual needs and possibilities of the individual. Systemic assumptions condemn narrators to certain actions and behaviours. Symbolic violence is also evident in the relationships between the staff of the institutions and the residents, which results, among other things, in anxiety, a sense of being inferior and insecurity.

Labour market inclusion of Afghan refugees in Pakistan through Bourdieu's theory of capital

PurposeThis article examines the labour market inclusion of documented and undocumented Afghan refugees in Pakistan using and extending Bourdieu's theory of capital.Design/methodology/approachThe authors draw on 22 semi-structured in-depth interviews with both documented and undocumented Afghan refugees in Pakistan.FindingsThe findings show the low capital endowments of refugees. Their economic capital is shaped by low levels of financial resources, and emotional capital is shaped by their psychological distress and traumata and identity capital takes the form of negative perceptions about them. Their low capital endowments are further reduced through different forms of symbolic violence, such as ambiguous and short-term government policies, bribery and abuse by the police as well as unfair treatment by employers. However, refugees do mobilise their capital endowments to enhance their labour market position. The authors identified resilience as emotional capital, their strategic development of who they are as identity capital as well as social and cultural capital in the form of ethnic and linguistic similarities with locals in finding ways to improve their inclusion in the labour market.Originality/valueThe authors provide insights in the dynamics that lead to and sustain the exclusion and inequalities faced by Afghan refugees in Pakistan.

RELASI KUASA PADA PERNIKAHAN POLIGAMI DALAM PERSPEKTIF KEKERASAN SIMBOLIK

This research is based on the researcher's interest in how the relationship between men and women in polygamous marriages. This study aims to describe what makes women willing to be polygamous and what kind of relationship exists between husband and wife in a polygamous family. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data collection techniques used are through observation techniques, in-depth interviews, documentation and literature study on related documents. The results showed that in a polygamous family there is a discourse battle, this discourse battle is won by the husband, so that the husband has the right to determine the values ​​used in the family. In polygamous marriages, religion is used and believed to be the dominant discourse. Capital accumulation also affects the position of husband and wife in the family, including economic, social, cultural and symbolic capital. This form of domination carried out by the husband and not being aware of the domination by the wife who works subtly is called by Bourdieu as a form of symbolic violence.

The Violence of Fat Hatred in the “Obesity Epidemic” Discourse

The concern globally over the “obesity epidemic” has become one of the most widely discussed social problems over the last twenty or so years. There is an intense focus from the media, popular culture, government agencies, and medical community about the harms of “obesity,” which includes strategies for eradicating the “obesity epidemic.” Public discussions of “excess weight” typically imply that fat persons are responsible for their body size, and public health policy recommendations follow from that assumption. Through the voices of 74 women of size, I demonstrate the ways in which the “obesity epidemic” discourse is a form of symbolic violence. Interviewees discussed countless acts of public humiliation, blocked opportunities, and fears about attending appointments with health care practitioners because of the stigma, discrimination, and mistreatment they receive. Moreover, the anti-fat rhetoric made interviewees feel responsible for the oppression. The violence manifested through the “obesity epidemic” rhetoric creates and perpetuates the phenomenon of hyper(in)visibilty, a phenomenon where marginalized bodies are simultaneously paid tremendous attention and dismissed. I conclude by urging sociologists to include body size in their intersectional research, teaching, and activism.

The gendered social representation of physical education and sport science higher education in Spain

ABSTRACT Background: In recent decades, Spain has seen a decline in girls’ interest in pursuing the Physical Activity and Sport Science (PASS) degree. For example, in Catalonia (Spain), the number of women enrolled has decreased from 39.3% in the 2000–2001 academic year to 17.3% in the 2014–2015 academic year (Serra, Soler, Vilanova et al. 2019), which is in line with technological and scientific degrees. This fact is striking because more women than men are enrolling in university studies in Spain overall. Purpose: Drawing on Bourdieu's theoretical tools and the concept of social representation, the purpose of this study is to analyse how young people perceive the PASS degree, in order to understand why fewer women than men choose this degree. Method: A total of 4146 students (50.2% girls; mean age = 16.82 years; SD = 0.837) from 39 school centres were purposefully selected in three regions of Spain. Students were enrolled in the final course of Compulsory Secondary Education (4th ESO, 16 years old) and the first of 2 years of the pre-university course (1st year of Bachillerato, 16–17 years old). An ad hoc instrument was designed to measure the Social Representation (SR) of the degree habitus and students’ interest in studying for the PASS degree. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS Statistics (v.23). Data were tested for normality. The statistical tests used were: Chi-square (X2) and Mann–Whitney U analysis. Findings: The results show that the SR of the degree habitus has a masculine characterization, which favours the number of men who study this degree. This SR could explain why the number of women in this field has been very low (around 18%) in Spain in recent years. Likewise, this SR would be a form of symbolic violence on girls who may wish to pursue these studies, but do not feel entitled to do so because it is considered a masculine field. The students are not able to identify this social construction, which eventually naturalizes the difference and makes the prevalence of men in these studies more socially acceptable. Conclusion: The SR of the degree habitus could be exercising a symbolic violence that would contribute to the discrepancy in the number of men and women who choose a PASS degree. To change the SR of the degree, it is necessary to substantially modify how it is constructed. Some of the options would involve a profound change in curriculum, built around a conception of body culture that is based on feminist political, philosophical, and ontological assumptions. This new construction would invoke a configuration of body culture not centred on the modern sport phenomenon and post-modern physical activity. The information that students receive to construct this masculine and instrumentalized SR of the degree should also be intentionally modified.

PELECEHAN TERHADAP PEREMPUAN DALAM MEME

The rapid spread of a meme thought to influence both individual and social behavior. The meme uses symbols to convey ideas and ideas. In practice, memes are also used as a means of patriarchal power legitimation through symbolic violence. Through the processing of language and images into symbols, memes are thought to be a tool of men's legitimacy. This article discusses several forms of content of harassment against women in the form of internet memes. First, the memes are analyzed by grasping the meaning of the symbols in them using semiotics' theory. Then, using Pierre Bourdieu's symbolic violence theory: habitus, capital, arenas, and symbolic violence, memes are analyzed to find the factors that cause the appearance of memes with the content of harassment against women. The results indicate that stereotype, gender bias, and mental structure are habitus structure which plays an essential role so that symbolic violence becomes natural for its victims. The internet, as an arena, has become the initial capital for men to dominate. Also, naming and mentioning are forms of symbolic violence against women by forming certain boundaries and categories.

Understanding long-term HIV survivorship among African American/Black and Latinx persons living with HIV in the United States: a qualitative exploration through the lens of symbolic violence

BackgroundPersons living with HIV (PLWH) are living longer, although racial/ethnic and socioeconomic status (SES) disparities persist. Yet, little is known about the experience of living with and managing HIV over decades. The present study took a qualitative approach and used the lens of symbolic violence, a type of internalized, non-physical violence manifested in the power differential between social groups. We focused on adult African American/Black and Latinx (AABL) PLWH from low-SES backgrounds.MethodsData were drawn from two studies with AABL PLWH in New York City (N = 59). After providing signed informed consent, participants engaged in in-depth semi-structured interviews on aspects of HIV management. Interviews were audio-recorded and professionally transcribed verbatim, and data were analyzed using directed qualitative content analysis.ResultsParticipants in the two studies were comparable on sociodemographic and background characteristics. They had lived with HIV for 20 years, on average (range 3–33 years). All were from low-SES backgrounds and most were African American/Black and men. Participants experienced a convergence of multiple social exclusions, harms, and stigmas, consistent with symbolic violence, which contributed to disengagement from HIV care and discontinuation of HIV medications. We organized results into five sub-themes: (1) participants were “ground down” over time by material, social, and emotional challenges and this diminished self-worth and, at times, the will to live; (2) social isolation and self-isolation, based in part on feeling devalued and dehumanized, served as stigma-avoidance strategies and mechanisms of social exclusion; (3) stigmatizing aspects of patient-provider interactions, both experienced and anticipated, along with (4) restricted autonomy in HIV care and other settings (e.g., parole) reduced engagement; and (5) poor HIV management was internalized as a personal failure. Importantly, resilience was evident throughout the five sub-themes.ConclusionsSymbolic violence is a useful framework for understanding long-term HIV management and survivorship among AABL PLWH from low-SES backgrounds. Indeed, forms of symbolic violence are internalized over time (e.g., experiencing devaluation, dehumanization, loss of self-worth, and anticipated stigma), thereby impeding successful HIV management, in part because avoiding HIV care and discontinuing HIV medications are primary coping strategies. Results have implications for interventions in community and health care settings.

American College Football and Homophobia: An Empirical Study

This study examines how male hegemony in team sports, such as football, promote homophobia as a form of symbolic violence and a powerful mechanism of social control. The research included the survey administration of the Attitudes Toward Gay Men (ATG) scale (Herek, 1984, 1994) to one Division I college football team on the west coast of the United States, measuring participants’ relative levels of homophobia. Findings indicate that approximately two-thirds (n=65) of the members of this college football team reported a positive attitude towards homosexuality within this study, while roughly one-third of respondents had negative attitudes toward gay men. Level of religious faith, regardless of denomination, was the best predictor of participants’ attitudes toward homosexuality. Finally, the article discusses the study’s limitations, directions for future research and implications to enhance a more open and inclusive climate within American college football.