Symbol Of Political Power Research Articles

Measuring Historical Urban Neighborhood Sustainability: America’s Grand Avenues

From 1850 through approximately 1920, wealthy entrepreneurs and elected officials created “grand avenues” lined by mansions in New York City, Chicago, Detroit, and other developing US cities. This paper examines the birthplaces of grand avenues to determine whether they have remained sustainable as magnets for healthy and wealthy people. Using data from the US EPA’s EJSCREEN system and the CDC’s 500 cities study across 11 cities, the research finds that almost every place where a grand avenue began has healthier and wealthier people than their host cities. Ward Parkway in Kansas City and New York’s Fifth Avenue have continued to be grand. Massachusetts Avenue in Washington, D.C., Richmond’s Monument Avenue, St. Charles Avenue in New Orleans, and Los Angeles’s Wilshire Boulevard are national and regional symbols of political power, culture and entertainment, leading to sustainable urban grand avenues, albeit several are challenged by their identification with white supremacy. Among Midwest industrial cities, Chicago’s Prairie Avenue birthplace has been the most successful, whereas the grand avenues of St. Louis, Cleveland, Detroit, and Buffalo have struggled, trying to use higher education, medical care, and entertainment to try to rebirth their once pre-eminent roles in their cities.

Perspectivas del poder. Anamorfosis del Leviatán en Hobbes y en el "Libro de Job"

El presente artículo parte del análisis del frontispicio del Leviatán de T. Hobbes (1651) con el fin de subrayar su congruencia, no sólo con el contenido del libro, sino también y más generalmente con la principal tendencia del pensamiento moderno basado en el problema del conocimiento. El icono del Leviatán, entendido como símbolo del poder político, es posible gracias a la distancia óptica de su observador, que, para reconocerlo, tiene que situarse a la distancia adecuada e interpretar sus apariencias correctamente. El poder supremo ya no se corresponde con un orden teológico, ontológico y cósmico otorgado desde lo alto y se convierte en la expresión política de una configuración gnoseológica de la soledad del hombre al interpretar una realidad que ya no está ordenada en sí misma. La relación de estos desarrollos del símbolo leviatánico con sus fuentes bíblicas parece vaga, pero su fuente principal, el Libro de Job, nos ofrece una reflexión penetrante al respecto. El Leviatán, que sella la conclusión del libro, parece ser incongruente con su meditación central sobre la aflicción y el mal, pero, como documenta la filología, es la reminiscencia de los antiguos aspectos funerarios y sacrificiales de los dioses semitas de los que deriva Yahvé. Por lo tanto, el texto esconde un conocimiento de los orígenes históricos del Dios bíblico. El mismo Dios que responde a Job revela su rostro misericordioso, pasando por una larga evolución religiosa estrechamente relacionada con interpretaciones vengativas y violentas de la divinidad. El significado bíblico, por lo tanto, va más allá del uso que Hobbes hace del símbolo del Leviatán, pero anticipa su realismo, dándonos una inesperada herramienta interpretativa del actual mundo globalizado donde el Leviatán ya no es el Estado moderno, sino una red de relaciones de poder extendida a todo el planeta. ¿No sugiere la teología histórica del Libro de Job que esta muy indiferenciada manifestación de poder puede convertirse en el instrumento de un poder espiritual perteneciente a un orden diferente?

HUBUNGAN KETAHANAN PANGAN DAN STABILITAS KEAMANAN NEGARA (KRISIS PANGAN DI VENEZUELA)

Problem of Food emerged as a Non-Traditional Secuirty (NTS) issue in the aftermath of the Cold War and was identified as one of the seven pillars of human security by the 1994 UNDP Report �New Dimensions� in Security. Food security as �the means for all people at all times to have both physical and economic access to basic food� and that food security is an entitlement. When the shortages food supply in a country, it will be an increasing the conflict civil society, so the stability of the state security being disrupted. The availability of adequate food supplies could become the core of social contact in all the country's political system.The food crisis in Venezuela resulted in civil conflict be increased. Venezuela is the world's oil producing countries but due to falling world oil prices, then became distracted State reception system. The political system came along with the economic crisis makes Venezuela in the worst condition.This economic crisis makes Venezuela experienced a food crisis, so many societies suffered famine and looting food even do violence to gain access the food. Finally, the conflict civil society occur due to the food crisis and the stability of the State security becomes disrupted. In this paper using descriptive analysis method that describes the relationship of food security in Venezuela that can be disrupt the stability of State security.
 In this paper, using the perspective of Food Securitization.This is based on a change in the subject of security not only on military issues but the extension of the concept security including the threat of food security within a country. Food can be utilized as a political weapon by states and can be characterized as a form and symbol of political power.

Prospettive del potere. Anamorfosi del Leviatano in Hobbes e nel Libro di Giobbe

The article starts from the analysis of the title page of T. Hobbes's Leviathan (1651) with the aim to stressing its congruence not only with the contents of the book, but also and more generally with the main trend of modern thought based on the problem of knowledge. The icon of the Leviathan, meant as a symbol of political power, is made possible by the optical distance of its observer, which, in order to recognize it, has to posit himself at the proper distance and interpret its appearences correctly. The supreme power does not correspond any more to a theological, ontological, cosmic order bestowed from above, and becomes the political expression of a gnoseological configuration, of man's loneliness in interpreting a reality no more ordered in itself. The relationship of these developments of the Leviathanic symbol with their Biblical sources seems to be loose, but on the contrary its main source, the Book of Job, offers us a penetrating reflection on this regard. The Leviathan that seals the conclusion of the book appears to be incongruous with its central meditation on sorrow and evil, but, as documented by philology, it is the reminiscence of the old funerary and sacrificial aspects of the Semitic gods from which Yahweh derives. Thus the text shows to be secretly aware of the historical origins of the Biblical God. The same God answering Job reveals his merciful face passing through a long religious evolution closely connected with vengeful and violent interpretations of divinity. The Biblical meaning therefore goes beyond Hobbes's use of the Leviathanic symbol, but anticipates its realism, giving us an unexpected interpretative tool of the present globalized world, where the Leviathan is no more the modern State, but a network of power relations extended to the whole planet. Is not the historical theology of the Book of Job suggesting that this very undifferentiated manifestation of power can become the instrument of a spiritual power belonging to a different order?

Zhong Shan Road: Comparing and Studying the Updating of Historical Districts in Different Regions

This paper analyzes the similarities and differences of the Hangzhou Zhong shan Road and the Qingdao Zhong shan Road. They are all the symbol of political power and the commercial center in their respective cities. Due to the development of cities, they are both in the decline stage. Analyzing the success and failure of two historical district by using the theory of The Aesthetic Townscape and finding the problems of Qingdao Zhong shan road by comparing two reconstructions of historic districts.

Displacement between Richard and Bullingbrook in Richard II

Richard Ⅱ was considered as a controversial play by the Elizabethan people for it contained the tabooed issue of a king's deposition at the time. Shakespeare dodges this problematic issue by describing Richard Ⅱ as an unable king to rule and making him give up his crown of his own accord. However, the author still endows Richard, deprived of political power, theatrical power instead to reveal Bullingbrook's political ambition. The two key scenes in the play are the tournament scene in which Bullingbrook challenges Richard and is banished from England, and the deposition scene in which Richard relinquishes his crown but at the same time defines Bullingbrook as the usurper. According to Jacques Lacan's theory of the signifying chain, subjects are under the control of the signifiant in the symbolic order. Interestingly enough, the status of the two characters in the play is reversed: Although Bullingbrook and Richard seem to dominate in each scene mentioned above, in fact it is the crown, the signifiant in the play that takes the initiative in displacing these two characters. Only after losing his political power can Richard raise his voice to reveal his rival's secret desire to take the crown. On the other hand, Bullingbrook cannot but remain silent and watch Richard hold the stage set up by him, because he is subject to the signifiant, which is the crown. Through the power of the powerless, which is characterized by the speech and theatricality, Shakespeare seems to emphasize the weakness and instability of power that cannot but be undermined from within. Those who have power cannot ignore the power of the signifiant, which is the expressed symbol of their secret desire for power, and the speech of powerless characters reveals their desire. When Lacan's idea of the signifying chain is applied, it is easily seen that Richard and Bullingbrook are subject to the crown, the symbol of political power, and these two characters change their places in accordance with their relation to the crown. Through the power of the powerless, which is characterized by the speech and theatricality, Shakespeare seems to emphasize the weakness and instability of power that cannot but be undermined from within. Those who have power cannot ignore the power of the signifiant, which is the expressed symbol of their secret desire for power, and the speech of powerless characters reveals their desire. When Lacan's idea of the signifying chain is applied, it is easily seen that Richard and Bullingbrook are subject to the crown, the symbol of political power, and these two characters change their places in accordance with their relation to the crown.

State Imperatives: Military Mapping in Scotland, 1689–1770

In the eighteenth century, military engineers and surveyors played a major role in representing and in constructing military landscapes. They designed and built fortifications, roads and bridges; depicted towns and countryside as militarised spaces; artistically recorded battles; and surveyed for military purposes. This paper looks at aspects of these activities in Scotland. Visual representations of mapped military activities, specifically those produced by the engineers of the Board of Ordnance, are examined not as objective ‘mirrors of the world’, but as expressions and symbols of political power. With reference to two distinct genres of military mapping – fortification plans and route surveys – this paper emphasises the purpose of the maps, not just their content, as key to their understanding.