Symbol Error Rate Performance Analysis Research Articles

IRS-Based UAV-Assisted Low-Altitude Passive Relaying: SER Performance Analysis of Optimal Deployment

This paper presents a method for analyzing the symbol error rate (SER) of a UAV cellular data network based on an IRS. This method can change the distances between the BS, IRS, UAV, and the elevation of the UAV to observe their impacts on the SER; then, a two-dimensional curve diagram of the parameters and the SER is drawn to determine the deployment position of the UAV. Finally, by flexibly changing the maximum angle of the UAV’s transmitted signal and the height of the UAV, the coverage area of the UAV’s cellular data network can be obtained through three-dimensional imaging, function fitting, and the extreme value of the condition function. As a relay of a cellular data network, a UAV can be flexibly deployed at any effective position at a low altitude to compensate for the limited coverage of the base station and the poor quality of the user’s received signal. In particular, an IRS deployed on the surface of a building can generate an equivalent line-of-sight channel to reflect the signal from the base station to the UAV. Using an IRS to change the signal phase and amplitude with the flexible deployment of UAVs can give priority to solving the problems of cellular data network coverage and signal quality in urban scenarios.

Investigations on PAPR and SER Performance Analysis of OFDMA and SCFDMA under Different Channels

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing are two multicarrier regulatory systems that have improved due to the growing demand in quick communication (OFDM). A frequency division multiplexing (FDM) plot called orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is utilized as a sophisticated multi carrier regulation approach.
 Due to its excellent spectrum efficiency and low data rate, the single carrier multiple access system (SC-FDMA) is a unique radio transmission technique that is now employed in long-term evolution (LTE) technology for uplink. When compared to OFDM, reduced peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and error rate technique. PAPR performance has been obtained using Matlab simulation. Techniques using variable numbers of subcarriers include SC-FDMA and OFDMA. Two various subcarrier assignment strategies have been proposed, distributed FDMA Localized FDMA and (DFDMA) (LFDMA). IFDMA, or interleaved FDMA, is a DFDMA special situation when DFT results have been distributed consistently and at the same distance. When comparing the SC-FDMA variants, we discover that Localized has a higher PAPR than interleaved (FDMA) (FDMA). We also talk about the Performance of LFDMA and IFDMA's SER (Symbol Error Rate) and found that localized (FDMA) performs better in the SER than interleaved (IFDMA) method.

Investigations on PAPR and SER Performance Analysis of OFDMA and SCFDMA under Different Channels

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing are two multicarrier regulatory systems that have improved due to the growing demand in quick communication (OFDM). A frequency division multiplexing (FDM) plot called orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is utilized as a sophisticated multi carrier regulation approach.
 Due to its excellent spectrum efficiency and low data rate, the single carrier multiple access system (SC-FDMA) is a unique radio transmission technique that is now employed in long-term evolution (LTE) technology for uplink. When compared to OFDM, reduced peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and error rate technique. PAPR performance has been obtained using Matlab simulation. Techniques using variable numbers of subcarriers include SC-FDMA and OFDMA. Two various subcarrier assignment strategies have been proposed, distributed FDMA Localized FDMA and (DFDMA) (LFDMA). IFDMA, or interleaved FDMA, is a DFDMA special situation when DFT results have been distributed consistently and at the same distance. When comparing the SC-FDMA variants, we discover that Localized has a higher PAPR than interleaved (FDMA) (FDMA). We also talk about the Performance of LFDMA and IFDMA's SER (Symbol Error Rate) and found that localized (FDMA) performs better in the SER than interleaved (IFDMA) method.

瞄准误差对多脉冲位置调制星间激光通信系统误符号率的影响

瞄准误差对多脉冲位置调制星间激光通信系统误符号率的影响

Symbol error rate performance analysis of non- orthogonal multiple access for visible light communications

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is considered as one of promising radio access techniques for visible light communications (VLC) in next-generation wireless communications systems. In order to provide theoretical support for designing VLC-NOMA, we derive its analytic expressions for the symbol error rate (SER). Specifically, NOMA is first incorporated with appropriate VLC to establish a VLC-NOMA framework. Afterwards, mathematical expressions of the SER for the VLC-NOMA are developed. Moreover, numerical results are provided carefully to demonstrate that the proposed VLC-NOMA scheme outperforms than state-of-the-art orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) one in terms of SER performance. Finally, relationships between the SER performance and the number of users, power allocation coefficient and semi-angle are well investigated, which can give us a scientific guide to devise the VLC-NOMA system for achieving better SER performance.

Symbol error rate performance analysis of soft-decision decoded MPPM free space optical system over exponentiated Weibull fading channels

The symbol error rate (SER) performance of a multipulse pulse-position modulation (MPPM) free space optical (FSO) system under the combined effect of turbulence-induced fading modeled by exponentiated Weibull (EW) distribution and pointing errors with a soft-decision detector is investigated systematically. Particularly, the theoretical conditional SER (CSER) of soft-decision decoded MPPM is derived. The corresponding closed-form CSER is obtained via curve fitting with the Levenberg–Marquardt method. The analytical SER expression over the aggregated fading channels is then achieved in terms of Laguerre integration. Monte Carlo simulation results are also offered to corroborate the validity of the proposed SER model.

Symbol Error Rate Performance Analysis of Decode and Forward Cooperative Communication System

In this paper, we investigate the performance of Decode and Forward (DF) in multiple relay networks. We consider a cooperative diversity system where a source sends information to the destination with the aid of multi relay working in DF relaying protocol and investigate the Optimal Power Allocation (OPA) at both the source and the relay nodes. By taking advantage of the moment generating function (MGF), a closed form expression for the symbol error rate (SER) and signal to noise ratio (SNR) for both, M-Phase Shift Keying (MPSK) and M-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (MQAM) signals has been derived to illustrate the asymptotic performance of the DF system where the approximation SER is tight at high SNR. Results show that the proposed system, based on SER lower bound is tight to the theoretical SER upper bound, and the suggested OPA outperforms the equal power allocation (EPA) and at different number of relays. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v15i1.8037

SER performance analysis of MPPM FSO system with three decision thresholds over exponentiated Weibull fading channels

In this work, the symbol error rate (SER) performance of the multiple pulse position modulation (MPPM) based free-space optical communication (FSO) system with three different decision thresholds, fixed decision threshold (FDT), optimized decision threshold (ODT) and dynamic decision threshold (DDT) over exponentiated Weibull (EW) fading channels has been investigated in detail. The effects of aperture averaging on each decision threshold under weak-to-strong turbulence conditions are further studied and compared. The closed-form SER expressions for three thresholds derived with the help of generalized Gauss–Laguerre quadrature rule are verified by the Monte Carlo simulations. This work is helpful for the design of receivers for FSO communication systems.

Multi-user time-reversal STC-GFDMA for future wireless networks

The challenges of future wireless networks imply that the physical layer of the next generation mobile communication system needs to be compatible with multiple-input multiple-output and allow a flexible multiple access scheme. Time-reversal space-time coding can be applied to a recent filtered multicarrier modulation scheme, named generalized frequency division multiplexing, to achieve a multiple-input multiple-output non-orthogonal multicarrier modulation with flexibility to address the requirements of future mobile networks. In this paper, the subcarriers of the physical layer block are shared between multiple users, allowing for an efficient and simple multiple access solution. A channel estimation technique that can simultaneously estimate channel frequency response and timing misalignment in generalized frequency division multiple access is described. The paper also shows that the knowledge of channel state information can improve the overall performance when used to schedule the subchannel distribution among the users. Symbol error rate performance analysis shows that the resources of the time-reversal space-time coding generalized frequency division multiple access block can be shared among users that have one or two transmit antennas simultaneously under frequency-selective time-variant channels.

Analysis of TAS/MRC based MIMO Systems over η − µ Fading Channels

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we derive expressions for exact, approximate, and asymptotic symbol error rate (SER) of transmit antenna selection with maximal ratio combining (TAS/MRC) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems for several modulation schemes. We have assumed independent and identically distributed η − µ fading channels. We use a moment generating function (MGF) based approach to derive the expressions of SER. The expression for approximate SER is derived by approximating Q Function as a sum of exponentials. The expressions of SER are in the form of sum of converging infinite series for all values of fading parameters. The analytical expressions derived in this paper are also applicable to the SER performance analysis of TAS with selection combining at receiver (TAS/SC) systems. The analytical results are validated by comparing them with the results of extensive Monte Carlo simulations for different values of fading parameters. Finally, the SER performance of TAS/MRC systems and TAS/SC systems has been compared and superiority of TAS/MRC systems over TAS/SC systems has been demonstrated.

Symbol Error Rate Performance Analysis for Generalized Coordinate Interleaved Orthogonal Designs over Nakagami- $$m$$ m Fading Channels

Space-time block codes (STBC) using generalized coordinate interleaved orthogonal designs (GCIOD) proposed by Khan and Rajan (IEEE Trans Inf Theory 52(5):2062---2091, 2006) allow single-complex symbol decoding and offer higher data rates than orthogonal STBC. In this paper, we present an exact closed-form formula (i.e., not in integral form) for the average symbol pair-wise error probability of GCIODs derived in quasi-static frequency-nonselective independent identically distributed Nakagami- $$m$$ m fading channels. By using the formula, a tight union bound (UB) on symbol error rate (SER) is presented. Extensive simulation results show that the curves for the UB are asymptotically tight with the simulated SER curves for various antenna configurations and different modulations. The UB thus can be used to accurately predict and optimize the performance of GCIODs without the need of time-consuming simulations.

Network-Coded Bi-Directional Relaying for Amplify-and-Forward Cooperative Networks: A Comparative Study

In this paper, a comparative study of network-coded bi-directional amplify-and-forward (BD-AF) relaying is presented. In bi-directional relay networks, communication is performed over two phases: the broadcasting phase, and the cooperation phase. In the broadcasting phase, both source nodes broadcast their signals simultaneously to the N relay nodes, while in the cooperation phase, transmission is based on one of two modes: (1) time-division (TD), or (2) multiple-access (MA). In the TD-BD-AF scheme, each relay node is allocated a time-slot to transmit its processed signal, while in the MA-BD-AF scheme, all the N relay nodes simultaneously transmit network-coded signals to both source nodes, in a single time-slot. Moreover, a suboptimal relay selection (i.e. SRS-BD-AF) that approximately maximizes the sum-of-rates is proposed. Optimal and suboptimal sum-of-rates maximizing power allocations are studied under the TD-BD-AF and MA-BD-AF schemes, respectively, where it is shown that the MA-BD-AF scheme reduces to the SRS-BD-AF scheme. Symbol error rate performance analysis is provided, where it is shown that both the TD-BD-AF and SRS-BD-AF schemes achieve full diversity. Imperfect timing synchronization is analyzed and it is demonstrated that the SRS-BD-AF outperforms the other schemes in terms of the achievable rate. Simulation results are provided to complement the theoretical analysis.

SER Performance Analysis and Optimum Power Allocation for a Cooperative ARQ Protocol in Wireless Networks

In incremental relaying, the destination uses a checking system and requires a retransmission from the relay in case an error happens. After receiving the signal from the relay, the destination combines the signals from the source and the relay and performs detection. However, the combined signal is actually worse because of the erroneous signal from the source. Our scheme eliminates the detrimental signal from the source and uses only the fresh signal from the relay, resulting in a large performance improvement and reduced complexity. The symbol error rate (SER) and its upper bound are established to analyze the power allocation strategy. Simulations verify the rightness of the theoretic studies, and many benefits of cooperative ARQ schemes are revealed.

Cooperative Communication Protocols in Wireless Networks: Performance Analysis and Optimum Power Allocation

In this paper, symbol-error-rate (SER) performance analysis and optimum power allocation are provided for uncoded cooperative communications in wireless networks with either decode-and-forward (DF) or amplify-and-forward (AF) cooperation protocol, in which source and relay send information to destination through orthogonal channels. In case of the DF cooperation systems, closed-form SER formulation is provided for uncoded cooperation systems with PSK and QAM signals. Moreover, an SER upper bound as well as an approximation are established to show the asymptotic performance of the DF cooperation systems, where the SER approximation is asymptotically tight at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Based on the asymptotically tight SER approximation, an optimum power allocation is determined for the DF cooperation systems. In case of the AF cooperation systems, we obtain at first a simple closed-form moment generating function (MGF) expression for the harmonic mean to avoid the hypergeometric functions as commonly used in the literature. By taking advantage of the simple MGF expression, we obtain a closed-form SER performance analysis for the AF cooperation systems with PSK and QAM signals. Moreover, an SER approximation is also established which is asymptotically tight at high SNR. Based on the asymptotically tight SER approximation, an optimum power allocation is determined for the AF cooperation systems. In both the DF and AF cooperation systems, it turns out that an equal power strategy is good, but in general not optimum in cooperative communications. The optimum power allocation depends on the channel link quality. An interesting result is that in case that all channel links are available, the optimum power allocation does not depend on the direct link between source and destination, it depends only on the channel links related to the relay. Finally, we compare the performance of the cooperation systems with either DF or AF protocol. It is shown that the performance of a systems with the DF cooperation protocol is better than that with the AF protocol. However, the performance gain varies with different modulation types and channel conditions, and the gain is limited. For example, in case of BPSK modulation, the performance gain cannot be larger than 2.4 dB; and for QPSK modulation, it cannot be larger than 1.2 dB. Extensive simulation results are provided to validate the theoretical analysis.

Error Probability Minimizing Pilots for OFDM With M-PSK Modulation Over Rayleigh-Fading Channels

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with pilot symbol assisted channel estimation is a promising technique for high rate transmissions over wireless frequency-selective fading channels. In this paper, we analyze the symbol error rate (SER) performance of OFDM with M-ary phase-shift keying (M-PSK) modulation over Rayleigh-fading channels, in the presence of channel estimation errors. Both least-squares error (LSE) and minimum mean-square error (MMSE) channel estimators are considered. For prescribed power, our analysis not only yields exact SER formulas, but also quantifies the performance loss due to channel estimation errors. We also optimize the number of pilot symbols, the placement of pilot symbols, and the power allocation between pilot and information symbols, to minimize this loss, and thereby minimize SER. Simulations corroborate our SER performance analysis, and numerical results are presented to illustrate our optimal claims.