Switching Control Technique Research Articles

New Seamless Switching Control Technique Between CCM and DCM for Boost PFC Without Additional Zero Crossing Point Sensing Circuit

New Seamless Switching Control Technique Between CCM and DCM for Boost PFC Without Additional Zero Crossing Point Sensing Circuit

A Comprehensive Analysis of Turnout, Switching, and Nonlinear Control Technique to Enhance Safety, Efficiency, and Capacity in Hyperloop

A Comprehensive Analysis of Turnout, Switching, and Nonlinear Control Technique to Enhance Safety, Efficiency, and Capacity in Hyperloop

Data-Driven Switching Control Technique based on Deep Reinforcement Learning for Packed E-Cell as Smart EV Charger

Data-Driven Switching Control Technique based on Deep Reinforcement Learning for Packed E-Cell as Smart EV Charger

Safety-Critical Model Reference Adaptive Control of Switched Nonlinear Systems With Unsafe Subsystems: A State-Dependent Switching Approach.

In this article, a novel safety-critical model reference adaptive control approach is established to solve the safety control problem of switched uncertain nonlinear systems, where the safety of subsystems is unnecessary. The considered switched reference model consists of submodels possessing safe system behaviors that are governed by switching signals to achieve satisfactory performances. A state-dependent switching control technique based on the time-varying safe sets is proposed by utilizing the multiple Lyapunov functions method, which guarantees the state of the subsystem is within the corresponding safe set when the subsystem is activated. To deal with uncertainties, a switched adaptive controller with different update laws is constructed by resorting to the projection operator, which reduces the conservatism caused by the common update law adopted in all subsystems. Moreover, a sufficient condition is obtained by structuring a switched time-varying safety function, which ensures the safety of switched systems and the boundedness of error systems in the presence of uncertainties. As a special case, the safety control problem under arbitrary switching is considered and a corollary is deduced. Finally, a numerical example and a wing rock dynamics model are provided to verify the effectiveness of the developed approach.

Event-Triggered-Based Antidisturbance Switching Control for Switched T–S Fuzzy Systems

This investigation proposes an event-triggered-based anti-disturbance switching control technique for the switched Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy systems (FSs) subject to multiple disturbances as well as unavailable system state. The disturbances are comprised of two parts, i.e., the unavailable modeled disturbances and the available unmodeled disturbances. First, a composite observer is constructed to capture the unavailable system state and unavailable modeled disturbances. Then, on the basis of the observer, a switching controller with an eventtriggered program inserted is established. Meanwhile, a switching criterion is formulated. Further, under the developed controller and switching criterion, the sufficient conditions are presented for the switched T-S FSs to achieve the multiple disturbance suppression and the communication transmission resource saving. In the end, the reasonability of the raised event-triggered-based anti-disturbance switching control scheme is verified with the employed simulation example.

A new generalized floor function based high switching frequency modulation and control technique: Multilevel inverters

SummaryA new generalized floor function (F2) based single carrier pulse width modulation (F2SC‐PWM) technique has been proposed in this paper by considering a single‐phase 9‐level T‐type packed U‐cell (PUC) inverter topology. In literature, the conventional level‐shifted PWM technique requires (level‐1) carriers, and the unipolar phase disposition (UPD) PWM technique requires (level‐1)/2 carriers to produce a particular level of output. To reduce the complexity of control, the authors have developed single‐carrier‐based PWM techniques. However, these are not generalized in a simple manner and are especially applicable only to particular inverter topologies. In this paper, a new F2SC‐PWM technique with a single modulating signal has been introduced that is applicable to any multilevel inverter (MLI) topology. This technique is very simple to implement, and it does not internally require any large number of mathematical operations and if‐else loops. Finally, a laboratory prototype has been used to verify the operation of the 9L‐TPUC topology considering R and RL loads with respect to step change of load, step change of modulation index (MI), and step change of modulation frequecy (MF) via with new proposed control technique (PCT).

Multi–Bidirectional Port DC–DC Converter Improvement Closed Loop System Using Rule Smooth

The development of distributed renewable energy sources for power production is popular nowadays. To combine many renewable energy sources of various sorts into a single source for numerous uses. In a technology wave of high-quality power demand, multi-DC–DC converters have been proposed for effective power management and grid integration for diverse sources and advancements. Multi-port DC–DC Converters are a few input ports that interact with numerous photovoltaic (PV) panels and battery sources. The multi-port DC–DC converter handles the crucial maximum power point tracking feature in addition to the low-level DC voltage (MPPT). The unenthusiastic rule soft switching control (URSSC) technique, which is developed in this work, depends on switching as another isolated multi-DC–DC converter for the concurrent power execution of various renewable energy sources. Using maximum power point tracking (MPPT), the suggested converter is used to regulate a solar hybrid generating system composed of two separate photovoltaic (PV) boards. The outcomes of both the simulator and the experiment are shown to validate the ability to get MPPT simultaneously for both PV boards using the suggested converter. To approve the MPPT control of the proposed multi-port DC–DC converter architecture, simulation studies are carried out in MATLAB Simulation.

Input-to-State Stability of Switched Nonlinear Time-Delay Systems With Asynchronous Switching: Event-Triggered Switching Control

This letter addresses the input-to-state stability (ISS) and integral ISS (iISS) problems for switched nonlinear time-delay systems (SNTDSs) with asynchronous switching by the event-triggered switching control (ETSC) technique, where the switching times are generated by a novel Lyapunov-based event-triggered mechanism (ETM). Based on the relationship between the new ETM and the jump strength of adjacent Lyapunov functions, sufficient conditions of ISS and iISS for SNTDSs with asynchronous switching are presented, which can exclude the Zeno behavior. Since switches only occur when the event is triggered, the burden of information transmission for SNTDSs can plummet. Finally, two practical examples are introduced to verify the effectiveness of our proposed methods.

A control technique for hybrid floating offshore wind turbines using oscillating water columns for generated power fluctuation reduction

Abstract The inherent oscillating dynamics of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) might result in undesirable oscillatory behavior in both the system states and the generated power outputs, leading to unwanted effects on critical, extreme, and fatigue loads, and finally to a premature failure of the facility. Therefore, this kind of system should be capable of lessening such undesired effects. In this article, four oscillating water columns (OWC) have been installed within a FOWT barge-type platform. A novel switching control technique has been developed in order to reduce oscillations of the system created by both wind and wave, as well as the fluctuations in the generated power, by adequately regulating the airflow control valves. While the impact of the coupled wind-wave loads has been considered, a set of representative case studies have been taken into account for a range of regular waves and wind speeds. The study relies on the use of response amplitude operators (RAO) that have been pre-processed and evaluated in order to apply the switching control technique. In this sense, the starting time of the switching for below-rated, rated, and above-rated wind speeds have been calculated using the platform’s corresponding pitch RAO. Additionally, the blades’ pitch and generator torque have also been regulated by means of a constant torque variable speed controller to capture maximum energy for below-rated wind speed conditions and to match the rated generator power for rated and above-rated wind speed conditions, respectively. In order to peruse the feasibility and performance of the proposed strategy, a comparison has been carried out between the uncontrolled traditional barge-type platform and the controlled OWCs-based barge FOWT. The results demonstrate that the proposed control approach can effectively and successfully decrease both the oscillations in the system’s modes and the fluctuations in the generated power.

A 1.5-GS/s 6-bit Single-Channel Loop-Unrolled SAR ADC With Speculative CDAC Switching Control Technique in 28-nm CMOS

This paper presents a 1.5-GS/s 6-bit single-channel loop-unrolled successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) using speculative capacitive DAC (CDAC) switching control technique. The proposed SAR ADC achieves a high sampling rate by eliminating additional delays in typical loop-unrolled SAR ADCs related to settling time constraints in their CDACs. Specifically, the CDACs are duplicated and controlled in speculative ways so that the CDAC outputs passage to their next values before completing the regeneration operation of comparators, thereby improving timing constraints for successive approximations. The switching power overhead from the CDAC speculation is mitigated by introducing an energy-efficient CDAC control technique that produces desired voltage transients with minimal power overheads. The prototype of the proposed SAR ADC is fabricated in a 28-nm CMOS technology and occupies an active area of 0.0038-mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The design consumes 5.8 mW from a 1.2-V supply. The ADC achieves 1.5-GS/s sampling frequency with a 31-dB SNDR at a low input frequency and a 28.6 dB at the Nyquist frequency without applying any offset calibration techniques, achieving the highest sampling frequency among the 6-bit single-channel loop-unrolled SAR ADCs reported.

A high PSR LDO with adaptive loop switching control and feedforward ripple cancellation techniques

This paper proposed a low-dropout regulator (LDO) with adaptive loop switching control (ALSC) and high-pass filter-based feedforward ripple cancellation (HPFRC) techniques. The ALSC circuit can be utilized for wide-input-range LDO and provide a clean power supply for the bandgap reference (BGR) without a pre-regulator circuit. The power supply rejection (PSR) at low frequencies of the proposed LDO is insensitive to the limited PSR of BGR. In addition, the HPFRC circuit can enhance the mid-range PSR of the LDO. This circuit has been designed and verified in 0.25-μm BCD technology. The simulation results demonstrate that the output voltage of 5 V is stable with a 2.2 μF output capacitor when an input voltage from 5.25 V to 24 V is applied. The LDO consumes only 36.4 μA at full load, and the line and load regulation are simulated as 0.02 mV/V and 9.2 μV/mA, respectively. It achieves a PSR of –72 dB at 1 MHz for heavy loads.

Improving the Thermal Performance of Rotor-Side Converter of Doubly Fed Induction Generator Wind Turbine While Operating Around Synchronous Speed

Due to variation in wind velocity, fractional power electronic converter-based variable speed doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) often operates at the low-slip region (near the synchronous speed). The low-slip operation can cause an increased temperature fluctuation in the semiconductor junctions of the rotor side converter which, if uncontrolled, can lead to reduced reliability over time. This article discusses the effects of the low slip operation on the semiconductor junction temperature and the converter power loss. Although decreasing switching frequency can be an obvious solution to this thermal stress problem, a low switching frequency can produce harmonics and torsional vibration. Therefore, this article proposes a switching control technique to deal with the tradeoff between the pulsewidth modulation harmonics and the semiconductor junction temperature. This article also proposes a current derating technique based on the reactive support sharing strategy to reduce the thermal stress on the rotor side converter. Furthermore, the article presents a coordinated switching control scheme with rotor current derating to effectively reduce the conductor thermal stress without compromising the DFIG performance and reliability. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is validated both through simulation and experimental study.

Generating Multiple Spherical Attractors via Parameter Switching Control

A three-dimensional smooth continuous-time system with a parameter and two quadratic terms is constructed and a spherical attractor is generated. There exist multiple coexisting spherical attractors based on offset boosting. Two classes of switching signals that depend on the time and the state are designed respectively. By employing a parameter switching control technique, multiple spherical attractors can be generated. Simultaneously, complex chaotic attractors can also be generated by designing a state-dependent switching signal. Numerical examples and corresponding simulations show the effectiveness of the switching control technique.

Power quality improvement using model predictive control based shunt connected custom power device in a single phase system

Abstract The performance evaluation of a single-phase shunt-connected custom power device (SC-CPD) for current quality improvement is discussed in this paper. The SC-CPD performance is compared based on the linear triangle-comparison pulse width modulation (TC-PWM) control, hysteresis current control (HCC), and the predictive non-linear switching control strategies. The predictive switching control is implemented using the finite control set-model predictive control (FCS-MPC). The switching control techniques’ operational and implementation features are discussed for the given control objectives of the SC-CPD for a particular nonlinear load. Basic functional case studies with sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal supply mains in the presence of non-linear loads are presented to illustrate the appropriateness of the switching techniques. The SC-CPD model and control methodologies are developed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, including designing of various circuit components. Finally, performance simulation results using the switching techniques have been compared and validated using OPAL-RT 4510-based real-time simulations.

Carrier based PD and POD PWM Technique for MLI

This paper presents the design of gate drive circuit for controlling of multilevel inverter (MLI) with Phase Disposition (PD), Phase Opposition Disposition (POD) pulse width modulation (PWM) switching control technique.

Comparison of Control Techniques for Series Resonant Converter

There are many different derivatives of the variable and fixed frequency switching control techniques used in the control of load resonant converters. In this study; among these techniques frequency modulation (FM), phase shift modulation (PSM) and pulse density modulation (PDM) are applied separately to series resonant converter (SRC). The techniques are examined and compared in many respects. An experimental setup was built, which consists of a 400W converter (with the input voltage of 200 V and the output voltage of 36V), a control circuit and a resistive load to verify the theoretical studies. The converter is controlled by FM, PSM and PDM separately for 120 kHz basic operating frequency and different output currents. The experimental results are compared in terms of efficiency, output voltage ripple, soft switching, switch voltage and ease of application and hardware. The comparison results are presented. It is observed that FM has better performance than the other two techniques in many aspects.

Finite-time rate anti-bump switching control for switched systems

The paper centers on the investigating the FT (finite-time) rate anti-bump switching control problem for switched systems. The aim is to propose a switching control scheme to alleviate the undesirable big jumps in the system rate at switching points while achieving the disturbance restrain in FT. An improved definition of the rate anti-bump switching property is presented, measuring the alleviation level on the rate bumps just at switching points. A condition is captured to drive the rate anti-bump switching property and the disturbance restrain property. A switching control technique is developed by constructing a switching law combined with a switching controller to force that the FT rate anti-bump switching control issue is solvable. A verification example is served to display the reasonability of the developed theory.

Analisis Paralelisasi Konverter Melalui Multi Input - Single Output Transformator Frekuensi Tinggi dengan MatLab Simulink

Two parallel converters DC/AC with isolated control can be applied by a high frequency transformer with a switching pattern. However, the switching pattern and control technique of the converter needs more research so the process of electrical energy distribution on the parallel output side can produce the optimum value. Furthermore, in this research, parallelization method is applied by utilizing two converters in high frequency transformer with multi input-single output capability controlled by Matlab/Simulink. The input side of transformer consists of two full bridge converters while secondary side represents the parallelization of output side. Two converters DC/AC is simulated by phase shifted full bridge (PSFB) of switching pattern and voltage mode control (VMC) technique. The distribution condition of optimum energy is investigated by observation of influences of ON condition duration of each switching period cycle on input converter to ON condition duration of secondary transformer terminal. The ON condition duration of each converter with switching PSFB is the condition depends on shifted/delay phase of signal on gate control. According to this simulation, optimum ON condition occurs when shifted/delay phase of each gate control signal converter is 135° (α1=α2=135°) and this condition is more efficient than phase of gate control signal is 45° (α1=α2=45°). The simulation results show that larger α of converters give the optimum distribution.

Variable-Frequency Critical Soft-Switching of Wide-Bandgap Devices for Efficient High-Frequency Nonisolated DC-DC Converters

This paper derives a variable-frequency critical soft-switching control method for nonisolated DC/DC converters using wide-bandgap devices. The critical soft switching control technique under maximum frequency trajectory is introduced to maintain zero voltage switching over a wide range of modulation ratios according to the load variation. The concept prevents turn-on losses that are typically much larger than the turn-off losses in SiC and GaN FETs and the latter can be further reduced by adding external drain-source capacitors. We have derived the boundary conditions for critical soft switching operation. For the reduction of inductor value and volume, a maximum available switching frequency is applied to the converter within the constraints of device requirement and soft switching boundary conditions. We demonstrate experimentally that the proposed concept reduces the power losses in the wide-bandgap devices by a factor of approximately 3, enables an increase of the switching frequency by a factor of about 5, and a decrease of the main inductance by a factor of about 10. Then variable frequency critical soft switching control method is proposed with the constraints to maintain the maximum frequency within soft switching operation. Since our test bench uses off-the-shelf inductors, the inductors are subject to significant high frequency losses. Despite this, the converter efficiency increases by 1%.

A High Efficiency and Fast Transient Digital Low-Dropout Regulator With the Burst Mode Corresponding to the Power-Saving Modes of DC–DC Switching Converters

The proposed digital low-dropout regulator uses nonlinear switching control (NLSC) technique to suppress voltage ripple to less than 6 mV when the switching noise voltage of a switching regulator operating in a power-saving mode is greater than 50 mV. In addition, the NLSC technique improves the current efficiency by reducing the quiescent current to less than 10 μ A and reduces the switching power loss through variable switching frequency control. With a load step of 1–20 mA, the transient response time is 1.3 μ s and the peak current efficiency is 99.8% at heavy loads.