Swietenia Mahagoni Jacq Research Articles

Effect of Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.) Extract on the Islet Cells’ Number and Blood Glucose Levels of Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rat

Effect of Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.) Extract on the Islet Cells’ Number and Blood Glucose Levels of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rat. This study was to know the effect of ethanol extract of mahogany (S. mahagoni Jacq.) seeds on the number of islet cells in the pancreatic Langerhans and blood glucose levels of alloxan-induced diabetic white rat (Rattus norvegicus). Twenty-five male rats were divided into five groups consists of: (C-) 1-mL/day aquadest without alloxan induction, (C+) 120 mg/kgBW alloxan and 1-mL/day aquadest, (T1, T2, T3) 120 mg/kgBW alloxan and 250, 500, 1000 mg/kgBW of ethanol extract of mahogany seeds respectively. Alloxan were injected intraperitoneal with single dose and ethanol extract of mahogany seeds administered via intragastric gavage for 14 days. At the end of the treatment period, the number of islet cells in the pancreatic Langerhans was counted and blood glucose levels were measured. This research showed that the ethanol extract of mahogany seeds have antidiabetic effect that can repair damaged islet cells in the pancreatic Langerhans at effective dose of 500 mg/kgBW with a mean number of 151.83 ± 11.07 that significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than treatment group 1 (T1), treatment group 3 (T3) and positive control group (C+) and also decreased the blood glucose levels from > 200 mg/dL to normal range (50–135 mg/dL). This is due to the antioxidant property of mahogany seeds extract which is beneficial in repairing pancreas damage due to oxidative stress.

Characterization and Screening Active Phytochemical Compounds of 70% Ethanol Extract of Mahogany Seed (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.)

One of the herbal medicinal plants in Indonesia with antidiabetic activity is mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.). Differences in plant parts used, extraction methods, and solvents during the extraction process will result in different characterization, quantity, and active phytochemical compounds in the extract. This study aimed to determine the content of active phytochemical compounds and extract characteristics of mahogany seed that fit the standards. Extracts were made using the maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent, then extract was characterized, and phytochemicals of active compounds were screened using reagents according to each group of compounds' test method. 50.16 g of 70% ethanol extract of mahogany seeds produced in this study had a solid form, characteristic odor, bitter taste, and brown color. The extract has the characteristics of water content, total ash content, acid insoluble ash content, water-soluble extracts content, and soluble ethanol extracts content according to the standard. Several classes of active compounds were identified qualitatively in the extract, which are flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, steroids, glycosides, and saponins. It appears that 70% ethanol extract of mahogany seed has a characterize extract that meets the standards and contains several active phytochemical compounds as potential antidiabetic agents.

Isolasi Dan Karakterisasi Senyawa Steroid Dari Ekstrak Biji Mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.)

Mahogany seeds (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.) Have many benefits as drugs such as febrifuge, diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus), high blood pressure, fat decay, colds, colitis, diarrhea, wounds, and ulcers. Swietenia mahagoni Jacq Contain steroid compounds. This study aims to determine the characterization of steroid compounds isolated from mahogany seed extract (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.). Extracts were obtained from maceration processes using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol 70% solvents with percent of rendament of 6.34%, 7.34%, and 8% respectively. The test results for the chemical content of ethyl acetate extract positively contained steroids. 5 grams of extract was carried out using conventional column chromatography to produce 6 fractions. Fraction 6 were selected and continued with preparative thin layer chromotography and produced 2 isolates. Isolates P2b which showed one tonggal stain on the TLC profile with a value of Rf 0.50 were continued to be analyzed by UV-Vis and FT-IR spectrophotometry.The results of UV-Vis spectrophotometric isolates P2b had maximal absorption at a wavelength of 253.50 nm. FT-IR data shows the presence of functional groups C-H, C-O, C = O, C = C, and O-H whichare thought to be steroid compounds.

Target and non-target response of Swietenia Mahagoni Jacq. chemical constituents against tobacco cutworm Spodoptera litura Fab. and earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae Kinb

Toxicological screening of Swietenia mahagoni Jacq. (Meliaceae, West Indies Mahogany) against the lepidopteran pest Spodoptera litura was examined. Phytochemical screening through GC-MS analysis revealed nine peaks with prominent peak area % in Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (31.5%) was observed. The larvae exposed to discriminating dosage of 100 ppm deliver significant mortality rate compare to other treatment concentrations. The lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) was observed at the dosage of 31.04 and 86.82 ppm respectively. Sub-lethal concentrations (30 ppm) showed higher larval and pupal durations. However, pupal weight and mean fecundity rate reduced significantly. Similarly, the adult longevity reduced significantly in dose dependent manner. Midgut histology studies showed that the methanolic extracts significantly disturbs the gut epithelial layer, lumen and brush border membrane compare to the control. The soil assay on a non-target beneficial organism, the soil indicator earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae, with extracts from S. mahagoni (200 mg/kg) showed no toxicity compared to Monocrotophos at the dosage of 10 ppm/kg. Current results suggest that this bio-rational plant product from S. mahagoni displays a significant effect to reduce lepidopteran pests with low toxicity to other beneficial species.

In silico evaluation of antidiabetic molecules of the seeds of Swietenia mahagoni Jacq

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder. WHO has projected that India will have around 57 million persons with diabetes by 2025. Swietenia mahagoni Jacq. (Meliaceae) is a large, deciduous tree whose seeds and bark were used for diabetes traditionally. The in silico hyperglycemic activity of the seeds of Swietenia mahagoni Jacq was studied by using AUTODOCK version 4.2 which reveals the putative binding sites of the compound to target protein. Homology modeling was done using MODELLER for the crystal structure of sodium/glucose co-transporter 2(SGLT2). The putative binding modes of compounds were identified using the search method of Lamarckian Genetic Algorithm (LGA).Atomic affinity and electrostatic potential grid maps were calculated using Auto Grid 4.2. From the fallout, we may scrutinize that for successful docking, intermolecular hydrogen bonding and lipophilic interactions between the ligand and the receptor are very essential. The results evolved with the least binding energy ensures that the Oleanolic showed good inhibitory activity and further work may help to develop the compound as an active therapeutic agent for the treatment of hyperglycemia. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Swietenia mahagoni Jacq, Docking, Oleanolic acid.

Antibacterial activity of seed extracts of Swietenia mahagoni Jacq

Swietenia mahagoni Jacq. (Meliaceae) seeds and bark were used traditionally for the treatment of hypertension, diabetes, malaria, and in epilepsy. In the present study the phytochemical investigations involve the extraction of plant material obtained by following cold maceration with ethanol and the percentage yield of the extract is 12.86% and identification of the phytoconstituents. Then the solvent extraction process was processed by the following order of polarity as petroleum ether, benzene, ethyl acetate and ethanol. These extractions were evaluated for anti microbial activity by Cup Plate method, a commercial sample ofloxacin is used as standard antibiotic. Sterile Petri dishes were filled to a depth of 4.5 mm with sterile nutrient agar medium that had previously been inoculated with a suitable inoculum of test organism of P.aeruginosa-MCC2080, B.licheniformis-MCC2297, P.mirabilis-, S.aureus-MCC2408 and E.Coli-MCC2246 individually at 45°C to 50°C. 0.1ml of the standard drug and test extract were poured into bored wells by means of 1ml sterile syringe and incubated at 37 °c for 24 hours. The ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate extract of S.mahagoni Jacq. seed at different dose (40, 60, 80mg/ml) level showing significant anti-microbial activity. The plant can be considered as low cost, potent, herbal medicine for good anti-microbial activity. Keywords: Swietenia mahagoni Jacq. Anti microbial activity, extracts

Study on the Potential of Land Utilization for Energy Plantation as Biodiesel Feedstock: Case Study of Andalas University Campus at Limau Manis

A B S T R A C T This study was conducted to identify potential energy plants as biodiesel feedstocks atan Indonesian university campus. Plant identification and selection of the most potential oil-plant were done by purposive sampling and goal achievement methods, respectively. Some plant oil properties, i.e., seed-oil content, water content, free fatty acid content and fatty acid profile, were evaluated by laboratory analysis. It was found out that five common energy plants were identified as existing plants, i.e. Terminelia cattapa Linn, Mimusops elengi Linn, Vitex pubescens Vahl, Leucaena leucocephala Lam and Swietenia mahagoni Jacq. The seed-oil content varies from 10.83-70.19 wt%, while the water contents were in the range of 1.56 and 3.75 wt%. As for the free fatty acid content was between 1.67 and 3.64 wt%. According to the evaluation of seed and plant-oil properties, Terminelia cattapa Linn. is recommended for planting in unused space of Andalas University with the total area of approximately 9.04 ha. The planting of Terminelia cattapa Linn at the unused area together with the existing energy plants is estimated to produce 5,546.040 L yearG 1 , oil that can potentially be converted into biodiesel.

Adsorption of Tartrazine Dye By Active Carbon from Mahagony (Swietenia Mahagoni Jacq) Rind

Adsorption of Tartrazine Dye By Active Carbon from Mahagony (Swietenia Mahagoni Jacq) Rind

Potential Endophytic Microbes Selection for Antidiabetic Bioactive Compounds Production

endophytic microbes ability to produce bioactive compounds in common with its host plant is an opportunity to get source material antidiabetic drugs are natural, inexpensive and environmentally. With the aim of investigating the potential of endophytic fungi that have the potential to produce antidiabetic bioactive compounds, a total of 45 endophytic fungi were isolation from 6 species of Indonesia medicinal plants,,i.e.,Mahoni {Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.},Sambiloto {Andrographis paniculata Ness}, kumis kucing {Orthosiphon spicatus BBS}, Mengkudu {Morinda citrifolia L.}, Sirih merah {Piper crocatum L.}, and Sirih hitam {Piper oarnatum sp.} Has ben done.fungi isolate were fermented in potato Dextrose Broth medium for 14 days, then extracted with ethylaacetate followed by Thin Layer Chromatography {TLC} test. Screening was conducted using a-glucosidase test.The results showed that there are 7 fungi isolate, i.e., A.Ap.3F {98.84 and 81.40 persen}, A.Ap.4F {96.87 and 81.40 persen}, B.Ap.1F {98.48 and 87.49 persen}.,B.Os.1F{93.91 and 89.01 persen}, A.Pc.1F {87.66 and 82.08 persen}, B.Pc.1F {85.68 and 89.35 persen} and B.Pc.2F{83.51 and 87.57 persen} Which gave inhibitory activity to a-glucosidase enzyme. These results demonstrate that 7 endophytic fungi has the potential to produce antidiabetic agents.

Aktivitas Antiplasmodium in vivo fraksi N-butanol kulit batang Mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni) dan Asam Klorogenat

An antiplasmodial activity of n-butanol fraction from mahoni bark extract (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.) and pure compound chlorogenic acid were investigated on white male miceSwiss derivated strain which were infected by Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain. Samplewere administrated i.p ., which n-butanol fraction with convertion dose 100, 200 and 400 mg/kgBW and chlorogenic acid with dose 0,01; 0,1; 1 and 10 mg/kg BWnrespectively for a period of 4days, consecutively started one day after parasit inoculation.Parasit persentage was counted daily (H0 to H4).The best aniplasmodial activity was shown by n-butanol fraction with convertion dose 200mg/kg BW (fraction dose 81,89 mg/ kg BW )with inhibition persentage 45.05% and chlorogenic acidwith dose 10 mg/kg BW with inhibition persentage 55,51%.n

Effects of Herbivory by <I>Diaprepes abbreviatus</I> (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Larvae on Four Woody Ornamental Plant Species

The hypothesis that herbivory by Diaprepes root weevil larvae reduces leaf gas exchange and biomass was tested on buttonwood (Conocarpus erectus L.), Surinam cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.), mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.), and pond apple (Annona glabra L). For Surinam cherry, net CO2 assimilation, transpiration, and stomatal conductance, but not internal CO2 concentration (collectively referred to as leaf gas exchange values), were 7-32% higher in noninfested than infested plants. For buttonwood, all four gas exchange values were 10-54% higher for noninfested than infested plants 3 h after infestation with large, seventh-instar larvae. However, by 4 wk after this infestation, net CO2 assimilation, transpiration, and stomatal conductance, but not internal CO2 concentration, were 11-37% higher for infested than for noninfested plants. For mahogany and pond apple, there were few or no significant differences in leaf gas exchange values between infested and noninfested plants. For all species, mean shoot and root fresh and dry weights were higher for noninfested than infested plants, with the differences most significant for buttonwood (37-85% higher), followed by Surinam cherry (37-143% higher), mahogany (49-84% higher), and pond apple (24-46% higher), which had no significant differences. There were significant differences among plant species in mean head capsule widths, thus larval instars, of larvae recovered from soil with the largest larvae from Surinam cherry (2.59 +/- 0.19 mm) and the smallest from mahogany (2.29 +/- 0.06 mm). Based on differences in leaf gas exchange and plant biomass between infested and noninfested plants of the four species tested, buttonwood and Surinam cherry are the most vulnerable to feeding by Diaprepes larvae followed by mahogany then pond apple.

Pengaruh penggunaan bahan pewarna alam dari ekstrak kayu terhadap sifat fisis kulit ikan kakap merah

The objective of this research is to identify the effect of some natural dye of wood extract to the physical properties (tensile strength, elongation and rub fastness resistance) of kakap ( Lutjanidae ) fish skin leather. Fifteen pieces of dry preserved kakap fish skin were used in this research, and tanned using syntan and alum. The dyeing process was done using natural dyes of wood extract of Caesalpinia sappan L, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Swietenia mahagoni JACQ, Maclura cochinensis, and Ceriops tagal . The result of research indicated that the kind of applied natural dyes were not affect the physical properties of Kakap fish skins. The fish skins dyed using the such natural dyes was able be utilised as material in leather goods manufacturing. One of the five types of natural dye used in this research, Swietenia mahagoni JACQ wood extract produced the best dyed leather having good tensile strength, elongation/flexibility and the colour fastness. The tensile strength was 213,15 kg/cm 2 , flexibility 56% and colour fastness with wet white cloth 3/4 (grey scale value) and with dry white cloth 4/5 (grey scale value), respectively. Key words : kakap fish skin, natural dyes, physical properties.

Comparative Spore Morphology and Pathogenicity of Four Florida Isolates of Nectria galligena

Barnard, E. L., EI-Gholl, N. E., and Gilly, S. P. 1988. Comparative spore morphology and pathogenicity of four Florida isolates of Nectria galligena. Plant Disease 72.973-976. Perithecia of Nectria ga//igena were observed in the field in association with I) stem galls on Cercis canadensis, 2) hypertrophied, roughened, and fissured bark in branch axils of Swietenia mahagoni, and 3) stem cankers on Quercus laurifolia and Acer rubrum. In the greenhouse, canker symptoms developed on seedlings of all four hosts in response to artificial wound inoculations with mass isolates from each host. Symptoms produced on S. mahagoni by the S. mahagoni isolate, however, were notably restricted in comparison with those produced on the other three hosts. Observations and measurements performed on ascospores, as well as on conidia of the Cylindrocarpon heteronema anamorph, revealed no distinct differences in spore sizes or septation patterns among isolates. C. canadensis, S. mahagpni, and, possibly, Q. laurifolia represent new host and suscept records for N. galligena. macfoconidia from these cultures, were observed and measured under oil immersion at XI,OOO. In addition, subcultures of each isolate were forwarded to C. Booth at the C.A.B. International Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, England for verification. Artificial inoculations and evaluation of pathogenicity. First-year seedlings of the four source host species with stem diameters of 0.5-1.0 cm were used for Nectria cankers are common and widespread on hardwood species in Europe, and N orth America, (2,7,8,13, 15,17). In Florida, we have observed perithecia typical of Nectria spp. in association with targetlike cankers on laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia Michx.) and red maple (Acer rubrum L.), as well as burl like galls on stems of eastern red bud (Cercis canadensis L.) (Fig. 1) and areas of hypertrophied, roughened, and fissured bark in branch axils of West Indies mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.) (Fig. 2). In this paper we report results of studies to identify these fungi and to evaluate their pathogenicity on each of these hosts. A preliminary report has been published (3). cut with a cork borer from 2-wk-old PDA-plate subcultures. Each plug supported fungus mycelium and conidia of the Cylindrocarpon anamorph. Morphological comparison and identification of isolates. Perithecia of the Nectria teleomorph were induced on carnation leaf-water agar (12) after 3-4 wk in a growth chamber at 26.5 :t 0.5 C with alternating 12-hr lightl dark periods (approximately 3,000 Ix generated by GE F20TI21 CW fluorescent tubes). Ascospores, as well as microconidia and Fig. 2. Hypertrophied, roughened, and fissured bark in a branch axil of Swietenia mahagoni. MA TERIALS AND METHODS Isolation, culture maintenance, and inoculum preparation. Mass isolates (one per host) were obtained from ascospores exuded from Nectria perithecia removed from bark tissues collected from the four hosts (Fig. 3). Cultures were maintained at room temperature (25 ::!: 2 C) under normal laboratory lighting on potato-dextrose agar (PDA) (II). Inoculum for artificial inoculations consisted of 4-mm-diameter agar plugs

Termite-Repellent Activity and Chemical Composition of West Indian Mahogany Wood, (Swietenia Mahagoni Jacq.) with Special Reference to the P2 Fraction

1. Serial extraction of West Indian mahogany wood with selective solvents was performed. 2. The petroleum ether extract was the only fraction to exhibit promising termite-repellent activity. 3. Mahogany blocks subjected to petroleum ether extraction became susceptible to termite attack. 4. A waxy substance (P2 fraction) separated from the petroleum ether extract at times showed high termite-repellent activity. The termite-repellent principle in the P2 fraction seems to be a labile one, as the termite-repellent activity varied greatly from batch to batch. 5. The P2 fraction is a mixture of two major components and of at least a third minor one. As far as we have been able to determine this mixture, at the elemental level, contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only, while esters have been the only compounds definitely characterized at the structural level.