Sutton Bonington Research Articles

Abstract P3-05-18: Unravelling the clinicopathological and functional significance of Replication Protein A (RPA) heterotrimeric complex in sporadic breast cancers

Abstract Unravelling the clinicopathological and functional significance of Replication Protein A (RPA) heterotrimeric complex in sporadic breast cancers Mashael Algethami1, Michael S Toss 1,4, Juliette Brownlie 1, Corinne L Woodcock 1,2, Chandar Jaipal1, Ahmed Shoqafi 1, Katia A Mesquita1, Adel Alblihy1,3, Andrew R Green1, Nigel P Mongan 1,5, Emad A Rakha 1,4, Jennie N Jeyapalan 1,2 and Srinivasan Madhusudan1,6 1 Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK. 2 Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Cancer Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK 3 Medical Center, King Fahad Security College (KFSC), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia. 4 Department of Pathology, Nottingham University Hospital, City Campus, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK. 5 Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA 6 Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK. Introduction: Replication Protein A (RPA) is a critical single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-binding protein that coats and protects exposed ssDNA from endogenous nucleases. RPA is a heterotrimeric complex consisting of RPA1 (70kDa), RPA2 (32kDa), and RPA3 (14kDa) subunits. RPA provides a platform for recruitment of factors required during replication, checkpoint regulation, DNA repair [including homologous recombination (HR), nucleotide excision repair (NER), base excision repair (BER) and mismatch repair (MMR)], telomere maintenance and retro-transposition. To understand the role of RPA in breast cancer pathogenesis we conducted a comprehensive genomic, transcriptomic, bioinformatic, proteomic and preclinical study. Patients and methods: RPA1, RPA2 and RPA3 protein expression was evaluated in 4221 primary invasive breast carcinomas and 776 breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Transcriptomic investigation was completed in the METABRIC cohort (n=1980). Detailed bioinformatics was conducted in the TCGA cohort (n=1090). RPA deficient breast cancer cell lines were tested for Cisplatin, Palbociclib and Olaparib sensitivity. Results: RPA1, RPA2 and RPA3 loss is frequent in DCIS and linked to aggressive phenotype (including high grade, ER and PR negativity) (all p values < 0.01). DCIS with low RPA1 was also associated with poor local recurrence-free interval (p< 0.00001). In invasive breast cancers, low RPA1, low RPA2 and low RPA3 were all associated with larger size, lympho-vascular invasion, higher histological grade, high stage, ER negativity and poor breast cancer specific survival. Transcriptomic alterations in low RPA tumors included those genes involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis, chemical carcinogenesis, and drug metabolism. Pre-clinically, RPA deficient breast cancer cells were sensitive to Cisplatin and Palbociclib (CDK4/6 inhibitor) therapy compared to controls. Additionally, the PARP1 inhibitor Olaparib was synthetically lethal in RPA1 and RPA2 deficient cells compared to controls. Increased Olaparib sensitivity was associated with double strand breaks, S-phase cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis. Conclusions: We provide the first comprehensive evidence that RPA loss is an early event during breast cancer pathogenesis and promotes aggressive phenotypes. Pre-clinically RPA deficient breast cancer cells were selectively toxic to Cisplatin, Palbociclib and Olaparib. Citation Format: Mashael A. Algethami, Michael Toss, Juliette Brownlie, Corinne L. Woodcock, Chandar Jaipal, AHMED SHOQAFI, Katia Mesquita, Adel Alblihy, Nigel Mongan, Emad Rakha, Jennie N. Jeyapalan, Srinivasan Madhusudan, Andrew R. Green. Unravelling the clinicopathological and functional significance of Replication Protein A (RPA) heterotrimeric complex in sporadic breast cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-05-18.

Identifying quantitative trait loci for lodging‐associated traits in the wheat doubled‐haploid population Avalon × Cadenza

AbstractLodging affects grain quality and grain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and is difficult to breed for because its sporadic incidence and laborious protocols to measure lodging traits. Thus, developing molecular markers for these traits can increase selection efficiency in breeding programs. The aim of this article is to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with stem/anchorage strength and leverage traits (lodging traits) in a doubled‐haploid population of UK bread wheat Avalon × Cadenza. Field experiments were conducted in the UK during 2012–2013 near High Mowthorpe and during 2013–2014 at Sutton Bonington. Phenotypic and genetic analysis indicated significant genetic variation for all traits. Stem strength (diameter, wall width, and material strength) and leverage (plant height) traits were highly heritable (0.64–0.95), whereas anchorage strength traits (root plate spread and structural rooting depth) and ear number per plant (leverage trait) were less heritable (0.21–0.33). This study identified 18 QTL for lodging traits and grain yield in chromosomes 1D, 2B, 2D, 3A, 3B, 4A, 4D, 5B, and 6B. Two QTL for stem strength on chromosome 1D and 3B explaining 49.6% of the total phenotypic variation (PVE) are estimated to reduce stem lodging risk and shortening the plant height by 12 cm. One QTL for root plate spread on chromosome 5B explaining 22.4% of the PVE could increase root lodging resistance.

Nitrogen Uptake, Utilisation and Use Eciency of Dierent Wheat Species

Breeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for high nitrogen use efficiency while maintaining adequate yield, is widely accepted as one of the approaches to maximise farmers’ revenue and minimise pollution risk. However, due to random hybridization events during evaluation and selective breeding for high yield, genetic diversity of existing bread wheat is narrowed down. The present study was conducted to investigate the nitrogen use efficiency and its components of ancient wheat species, a potential source to expand the genetic diversity of bread wheat. Three field experiments were carried out in 2012, 2013 and 2014 at Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, UK. Ten genotypes belonging to einkorn, emmer, spelt and modern bread wheat were used as genetic materials of the experiments and three nitrogen levels were compared. Nitrogen uptake efficiency, nitrogen utilisation efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were calculated at harvest. Nitrogen use efficiency among genotypes varied significantly and bread wheat recorded the highest value followed by spelt, emmer and einkorn. However, in general, nitrogen uptake efficiency was high in emmer and spelt compared to bread wheat. Nitrogen utilisation efficiency of bread wheat was always higher than ancient wheat genotypes resulting in high nitrogen use efficiency. Nitrogen supply has a negative relationship with nitrogen uptake efficiency. According to the results, it can be concluded that ancient wheat genotypes uptake more nitrogen hence high nitrogen uptake efficiency when compared to modern bread wheat. However, the ability to utilise nitrogen in the plants to develop grains is high in modern bread wheat.

Effects of elevated soil carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soil chemical properties in Sutton Bonington Campus of the University of Nottingham, UK

This study examines the effects of elevated soil carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations on spring wheat and soil chemical properties in the Sutton Bonington Campus, of the University of Nottingham, United Kingdom using Artificial Soil Gassing and Response Detection (ASGARD) facility which controls CO2 injection into the soil. Eight plots (each 2.5 x 2.5m) were laid out within the experimental area and used for the study and were treated with high CO2 concentrations (area within 75cm from the point of injection), low CO2 concentration (area farther than 75 cm from the point of CO2 injection) and no CO2 concentration (control) at CO2 injection rate of 1.0l/min from a source point 60cm below the soil for eight (8) weeks. The variability of CO2 concentrations were determined by 3D and barholing method. The wheat plant showed visible symptoms of wilting, chlorosis and poor development within 15- 21 days of gassing. Gassing at the rate of 1.0l/min resulted in reduced plant height and a 60% decrease in chlorophyll content of wheat plant exposed to high CO2 concentrations when compared with control plots. The soil pH for the control plots at the depth of 15-30 cm was 6.31 and 6.7 after injection, showing a difference of 0.39. At the depth of 45-60 cm, the pH before injection was 5.89 while post injection was 6.39, showing a difference of 0.5. The study showed that organic carbon at 45-60cm depth of soil ranged from 2.54% to 2.58% with a mean value of 3.26%, while carbonate content ranged from 0.73 to 0.77%. Furthermore, at 45-60cm depth of soil after injection, the mean value of K across all experimental plots was 64.16 mg/lK, available P content ranged from 15.4 to 16.9 mg/lP, N content ranged from 11.2 to 16.9 mg/lN, Ca ranged from 1000 to 1300 mg/lCa, Mg ranged from 158 to168 mg/lMg while at 15-30cm depth of soil, Na range from low to moderate (10.16–10.2 mg/l Na). There was no significant difference (P<0.05) or changes in mineralogical content of the soil properties studied.Keywords: controlled injection; CO2; soil chemical properties, soil depth

Identification of plants responding to CO2 leakage stress using band depth and the full width at half maxima of canopy spectra

CCS (carbon capture and storage) is a technique that can effectively reduce CO2 emissions released into the atmosphere from industrial activities and mitigate global climate warming. However, the captured CO2 may leak from the underground storage, so a novel way of rapidly detecting points of CO2 leakage in sequestration fields is needed. A field experiment was performed at the Sutton Bonington Campus of the University of Nottingham (52.8 N, 1.2 W), and grass (cv Long Ley) and bean (Vicia faba cv Clipper) were chosen as the test plants. Sixteen plots, eight plots with grass and eight plots with bean, were established, and four of each plant was randomly chosen for the controlled injection of CO2 into the soil. The other plots acted as controls. The canopy spectra of the plants were measured, and the continuum removal method was used to process the spectral data. The spectral feature parameters of band depth and full width at half maxima of the canopy spectra were analysed, and the results showed that the band depth and full width at half maxima of the plants decreased with the elevation of CO2 leakage stress levels. Therefore, the product of band depth and full width at half maxima was defined as the Area index, which can better identify the plants under CO2 leakage stress throughout the entire growth period. To quantitatively evaluate the separability of the Area index, the Jeffries-Matusita distances were calculated among the Area indices of plants under different levels of CO2 leakage stress. The results suggested that the Area index can stably and reliably identify the plants under CO2 leakage stress. Therefore, in the future, the points of leakage on CCS projects can be detected by monitoring the growth of plants in the sequestration fields with hyperspectral remote sensing.

Identifying the spectral responses of several plant species under CO2 leakage and waterlogging stresses

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is one of the potential options for mitigating global climate warming. This process can capture the CO2 released during industrial processes and store it deep in geological sites. However, there is a possible risk that the CO2 might leak from underground. Therefore, detecting sites of CO2 leakage is important for the safety and success of CCS projects. The remote sensing of plants offers the potential to identify locations of CO2 leakage from the spectral responses of the plants growing on the surface of sequestration fields. A field experiment was performed at the Sutton Bonington campus of University of Nottingham (52.8N, 1.2W) that aimed to study the spectral characteristics of maize (Zea mays L.), beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.), cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under CO2 leakage and waterlogging stress conditions, to develop a new method for distinguishing between species growing under CO2 leakage and waterlogging stresses, and to determine which plant was most sensitive to CO2 leakage stress.Leaf spectra were measured and processed using smoothing, continuum removal and first-derivative methods. For maize, cabbage, lettuce and bean, as the severity of CO2 leakage stress increased, the areas of the 510–545nm regions of the first-derivative spectral curves increased, and those of the 690–750nm regions decreased compared with the controls. However, for beetroot, the area of the 510–545nm region of the first-derivative spectral curve decreased, and that of the 690–750nm region increased compared with the control. When exposed to waterlogging stress, the areas of both the 510–545nm and the 690–750nm regions of the first-derivative spectral curves decreased compared with the controls for all 5 species examined. The areas of the 510–545nm and 690–750nm regions of the first-derivative spectral curves were named the AREAgreen and AREAred, respectively. Furthermore, the AREAred/AREAgreen ratio was able to effectively identify the species exposed to CO2 leakage stress, and the product of AREAred×AREAgreen accurately identified the species under waterlogging stress.These results suggest that the spectral responses of plants to CO2 leakage and waterlogging stresses are different and that the AREAred/AREAgreen and AREAred×AREAgreen indices can effectively distinguish the treated plants and the control plants, respectively. Cabbage is the most sensitive of the examined species to the CO2 leakage stress, followed by maize, beetroot and lettuce, and then bean, the least sensitive plant species. This experiment suggests that leaf reflectance can be adopted to detect plants that grow in regions of high soil CO2 leakage; moreover, the species’ responses to CO2 leakage stress and waterlogging stress can be differentiated. Nevertheless, to accurately detect locations of CO2 leakage in fields and determining whether the models are suitable for airborne or satellite data, large-scale field experiments must also be performed in the near future.

Scanner-based Time-lapse Root Phenotyping

1 Department of Ecological Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK; 2 Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, UK; 3 Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, UK; 4 College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 5 Current address: Department of Crop Science, School of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Central Region, Ghana * For correspondence: michael.adu@ucc.edu.gh

Detecting bean stress response to CO2 leakage with the utilization of leaf and canopy spectral derivative ratio

AbstractCarbon capture and storage (CCS) is one of the critical techniques for mitigating global climate warming which can capture and store the CO2 released during industrial processes into deep geological sites. However, there is a possible risk that the CO2 might leak from under the ground. Therefore, it is important that CO2 leakage spots on the surface of sequestration fields be detected at large scale and on a long‐term basis. The purpose of this study was to design a new model to identify CO2 leakage spots through monitoring the spectral change of vegetation on the surface of the sequestration fields. A field simulation experiment was performed at the Sutton Bonington campus of the University of Nottingham to collect the leaf and canopy reflectance of beans, which grew in soil with different levels of CO2 concentration. Visible symptoms of bean stress caused by CO2 leakage may include the reducing bean vigor and the bean leaves turning yellow. The canopy spectra and leaf spectra were processed by a smoothing, continuum removal and first derivative method. We found that, while the CO2 concentration of the soil increased, the sum of the first derivative reflectance in the 500–550 nm (SDg) increased and that in the 680–760 nm (SDr) decreased gradually compared with that of the control plots. Moreover, the newly developed ratio index SDr/SDg can be effectively used to distinguish gassed and ungassed beans at both leaf and canopy scales. Significant correlation was found between the SPAD values and the SDr/SDg indices (R2 = 0.5687, n = 197). This study indicates that hyperspectral remote sensing techniques can be used to detect CO2 leaking spots by investigating the spectral change of vegetation reflectance in the sequestration fields.

Low pH-mediated thermal motion in cancer

Low pH-mediated thermal motion in cancer

Lead intoxication incidents associated with shot from clay pigeon shooting

Veterinary RecordVolume 173, Issue 22 p. 552-552 Research Lead intoxication incidents associated with shot from clay pigeon shooting J. H. Payne, Corresponding Author J. H. Payne [email protected] AHVLA Sutton...

Nitrogen partitioning and remobilization in relation to leaf senescence, grain yield and grain nitrogen concentration in wheat cultivars

Our objective was to investigate the determinants of genetic variation in N accumulation, N partitioning and N remobilization to the grain post-flowering and associations with flag-leaf senescence, grain yield and grain N% in 16 wheat cultivars grown under high N (HN) and low N (LN) conditions in the UK and France. Overall, cultivars ranged in leaf lamina N accumulation at anthesis from 5.32 to 8.03gNm−2 at HN and from 2.69 to 3.62gNm−2 at LN, and for the stem-and leaf-sheath from 5.45 to 7.25gNm−2 at HN and from 2.55 to 3.41gNm−2 at LN (P<0.001). Cultivars ranged in N partitioning index (proportion of above-ground N in the crop component) at anthesis for the leaf lamina from 0.37 to 0.42 at HN and 0.34 to 0.40 at LN; and for the stem-and leaf-sheath from 0.39 to 0.43 at HN and from 0.35 to 0.41 at LN (P<0.001). The amount of leaf lamina N remobilized post-anthesis was negatively associated with the duration of post-anthesis flag-leaf senescence amongst cultivars in all experiments under HN. In general, it was difficult to separate genetic differences in lamina N remobilization from those in lamina N accumulation at anthesis. Genetic variation in grain yield and grain N% (through N dilution effects) appeared to be mainly influenced by pre-anthesis N accumulation rather than post-anthesis N remobilization under high N conditions and under milder N stress (Sutton Bonington LN). Where N stress was increased (Clermont Ferrand LN), there was some evidence that lamina N remobilization was a determinant of genetic variation in grain N% although not of grain yield. Our results suggested that selection for lamina N accumulation at anthesis and lamina N remobilization post-anthesis may have value in breeding programmes aimed at optimizing senescence duration and improving grain yield, N-use efficiency and grain N% of wheat.

Report of the first veterinary student support workshop

Veterinary students face an increasing array of pressures and this has been reflected in the findings of several surveys which demonstrate high levels of stress amongst this population (Hafen and...

MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF BAMBARA GROUNDNUT, AN UNDERUTILISED AFRICAN LEGUME CROP AS PART OF THE BAMLINK PROJECT - WHAT LESSONS CAN WE LEARN?

MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF BAMBARA GROUNDNUT, AN UNDERUTILISED AFRICAN LEGUME CROP AS PART OF THE BAMLINK PROJECT - WHAT LESSONS CAN WE LEARN?

Hypervitaminosis A in lambs fed milk replacer

Veterinary RecordVolume 171, Issue 18 p. 448-448 Research Hypervitaminosis A in lambs fed milk replacer R. Reichel BVSc, MRCVS, Corresponding Author R. Reichel BVSc, MRCVS rudolf.reichel@ahvla.gsi.gov.uk AHVLA Thirsk, Station Road,...

Cattle self-assessment

LivestockVolume 16, Issue 4 p. 32-35 Cattle self-assessment James Breen BVSc PhD DCHP MRCVS RCVS, James Breen BVSc PhD DCHP MRCVS RCVS Recognised Specialist in Cattle Health and Production THE SCHOOL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SCIENCE, THE UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, SUTTON BONINGTON CAMPUS, SUTTON BONINGTON, LOUGHBOROUGH, LEICESTERSHIRE. LE12 5RDSearch for more papers by this author James Breen BVSc PhD DCHP MRCVS RCVS, James Breen BVSc PhD DCHP MRCVS RCVS Recognised Specialist in Cattle Health and Production THE SCHOOL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SCIENCE, THE UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, SUTTON BONINGTON CAMPUS, SUTTON BONINGTON, LOUGHBOROUGH, LEICESTERSHIRE. LE12 5RDSearch for more papers by this author First published: 26 July 2011 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-3870.2011.00044.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume16, Issue4July/August 2011Pages 32-35 RelatedInformation

Bison and copper

Veterinary Clinical PathologyVolume 40, Issue 2 p. 138-139 Bison and copper A.P. Foster, A.P. Foster Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA) – Shrewsbury, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK[email protected]Search for more papers by this authorB.W. Strugnell, B.W. Strugnell AHVLA –Thirsk, Thirsk, North Yorkshire, UKSearch for more papers by this authorJ. Payne, J. Payne AHVLA-Sutton Bonington, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UKSearch for more papers by this authorA. Schock, A. Schock AHVLA – Lasswade, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Scotland, UKSearch for more papers by this author A.P. Foster, A.P. Foster Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA) – Shrewsbury, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK[email protected]Search for more papers by this authorB.W. Strugnell, B.W. Strugnell AHVLA –Thirsk, Thirsk, North Yorkshire, UKSearch for more papers by this authorJ. Payne, J. Payne AHVLA-Sutton Bonington, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UKSearch for more papers by this authorA. Schock, A. Schock AHVLA – Lasswade, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Scotland, UKSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 June 2011 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165X.2011.00326.xCitations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume40, Issue2June 2011Pages 138-139 RelatedInformation

Self-assessment

Companion AnimalVolume 15, Issue 3 p. 49-50 Self-assessment Rachel James MA VetMB CertSAM DVC MRCVS, Rachel James MA VetMB CertSAM DVC MRCVS ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR IN SMALL ANIMAL MEDICINE THE UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, SCHOOL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SCIENCE, SUTTON BONINGTON CAMPUS, LOUGHBOROUGH. LE12 5RDSearch for more papers by this author Rachel James MA VetMB CertSAM DVC MRCVS, Rachel James MA VetMB CertSAM DVC MRCVS ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR IN SMALL ANIMAL MEDICINE THE UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, SCHOOL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SCIENCE, SUTTON BONINGTON CAMPUS, LOUGHBOROUGH. LE12 5RDSearch for more papers by this author First published: 30 September 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-3862.2010.tb00464.xAboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume15, Issue3April 2010Pages 49-50 RelatedInformation

Self-Assessment

LivestockVolume 15, Issue 5 p. 22-25 Self-Assessment James Breen BVSc PhD DCHP MRCVS RCVS, James Breen BVSc PhD DCHP MRCVS RCVS -Recognised Specialist in Cattle Health and SCHOOL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, SUTTON BONINGTON, LEICESTERSHIRE. LE12 5RD CLINICAL ASSOCIATE, QUALITY MILK MANAGEMENT SERVICES LTD, UNIT 1 LODGE HILL INDUSTRIAL ESTATE, STATION ROAD, WESTBURY-SUB-MENDIP, WELLS, SOMERSET. BA5 1EYSearch for more papers by this author James Breen BVSc PhD DCHP MRCVS RCVS, James Breen BVSc PhD DCHP MRCVS RCVS -Recognised Specialist in Cattle Health and SCHOOL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, SUTTON BONINGTON, LEICESTERSHIRE. LE12 5RD CLINICAL ASSOCIATE, QUALITY MILK MANAGEMENT SERVICES LTD, UNIT 1 LODGE HILL INDUSTRIAL ESTATE, STATION ROAD, WESTBURY-SUB-MENDIP, WELLS, SOMERSET. BA5 1EYSearch for more papers by this author First published: 25 November 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-3870.2010.tb00303.xAboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume15, Issue5September 2010Pages 22-25 RelatedInformation

Self-assessment

Companion AnimalVolume 15, Issue 7 p. 7-8 Self-assessment John Burford MA VetMB PhD CertVA CertES(Soft Tissue) MRCVS, John Burford MA VetMB PhD CertVA CertES(Soft Tissue) MRCVS UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, SCHOOL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SURGERY, SUTTON BONINGTON, LEICESTERSHIRE. LE12 5RDSearch for more papers by this author John Burford MA VetMB PhD CertVA CertES(Soft Tissue) MRCVS, John Burford MA VetMB PhD CertVA CertES(Soft Tissue) MRCVS UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, SCHOOL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SURGERY, SUTTON BONINGTON, LEICESTERSHIRE. LE12 5RDSearch for more papers by this author First published: 25 November 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-3862.2010.tb00562.xAboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume15, Issue7September 2010Pages 7-8 RelatedInformation

Self-assessment

Companion AnimalVolume 15, Issue 7 p. 33-36 Self-assessment Rachel James MA VetMB CertSAM DVC MRCVS, Rachel James MA VetMB CertSAM DVC MRCVS ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR IN SMALL ANIMAL MEDICINE THE UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, SCHOOL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SCIENCE, SUTTON BONINGTON CAMPUS, LOUGHBOROUGH. LE12 5RDSearch for more papers by this author Rachel James MA VetMB CertSAM DVC MRCVS, Rachel James MA VetMB CertSAM DVC MRCVS ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR IN SMALL ANIMAL MEDICINE THE UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, SCHOOL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SCIENCE, SUTTON BONINGTON CAMPUS, LOUGHBOROUGH. LE12 5RDSearch for more papers by this author First published: 25 November 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-3862.2010.tb00566.xAboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume15, Issue7September 2010Pages 33-36 RelatedInformation