Sustained Superior Performance Research Articles

Green means long life - green competencies for corporate sustainability performance: A moderated mediation model of green organizational culture and top management support

Drawing on ability, motivation, opportunity (AMO) theory, this study seeks to contribute to the burgeoning scholarly discourse encompassing the instrumentality of green competencies (GCs) in catalyzing corporate sustainability performance (CSP). This study seeks to examine direct effect of GCs on CSP, the mediating effects of top management support (TMS) in the relationship between GCs and CSP, the moderating effect of green organizational culture (GOC), and finally the moderated mediation of GOC and TMS in causing GCs to affect CSP. To ascertain the associations among these constructs, three-wave time-lagged and multi-sourced data has been gathered from ISO-14001 certified Saudi firms. The empirical results confirm the hypothesized direct, mediating, moderating, and moderated mediation associations among the subject constructs. While concluding that a requisite accumulation (or cultivation/curation) of GCs, especially in green cultures, can impel top management to enthusiastically bolster green initiatives for superior sustainability performance. In addition, the authors suggest some mechanisms and boundary conditions through which GCs could be astutely deployed to boost CSP.

Reputation, return and risk: A new approach

Corporate reputation has deserved attention in recent years from firms and researchers given its impact on creating a competitive advantage and on keeping a sustained superior performance. However, the impact of corporate reputation on risk, in addition to being less studied, still presents controversial results. Thus, the purpose of this study is to, simultaneously, analyze the effect of corporate reputation on stock return and risk. A model based on firms' financial market data was assessed through a panel data analysis which included 84,745 firm-year observations, which occurred between January 6th, 2009, and December 31th, 2019, from a full sample of 156 United States firms listed in the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQ), 82 of which were listed in Reputation Quotient (RQ).The results show that there are no significant differences between listed and not listed firms in Reputation Quotient concerning firms' abnormal returns and firms' systematic risk. This can be justified because stock prices adjusted instantly to the corporate reputation, which supports the market efficiency hypothesis.This study may provide important insights into the literature: firstly, although the impact of reputation on performance has gained attention in recent years, the firsts studies essentially analyze the reverse impact; secondly, this work aims to, simultaneously, study the effect of corporate reputation on return and risk, being the impact on the risk an area still little explored and with controversial results; thirdly, this study distinguishes itself by using a set of firms listed in a reputation ranking and a set of firms not listed, but with similar characteristics in terms of market capitalization, highlighting the impact of reputation communication through media rankings.

Rising Complexity and the Gentrification of Sustained Superior Performance

Rising Complexity and the Gentrification of Sustained Superior Performance

Designing Ag2O modified g-C3N4/TiO2 ternary nanocomposites for photocatalytic organic pollutants degradation performance under visible light: Synergistic mechanism insight

In this work, an Ag2O modified g-C3N4/TiO2 ternary heterogeneous photocatalyst was prepared through simple calcination and efficient hydrothermal synthesis way. The as-prepared composites were analyzed by powder XRD, FT-IR, HRSEM with EDX mapping, HRTEM, XPS, UV-Vis DRS and PL spectra respectively. The Ag2O modified g-C3N4/TiO2 photocatalyst displays a narrower bandgap and improved the RhB dye photo-degradation efficiency was reached at ~94.5% for 60 min under visible light exposure. Also, the reaction rate constant (k) of RhB dye and phenolic impurities degradation efficiencies for g-C3N4/TiO2-Ag2O PCs was 5.8 and 4.97 folds higher than that of pristine g-C3N4. Besides, the g-C3N4/TiO2-Ag2O composite PCs sustained superior photo-degradation performance after the five reusability tests, indicating excellent stability and durability. The excellent photocatalytic performance has been attributed to the synergistic heterostructured formation between Ag/Ag2O among g-C3N4/TiO2 composites, which facilitates the interfacial electron separation/transfer, and great visible-light utilization ability. For experimental results, a possible photo-degradation mechanism was also proposed.

Schumpeterian Fade: Has It Become Harder For Newer Firms To Join The Elite?

A Schumpeterian perspective on sustained superior firm performance contrasts two classes of contestants. Entrepreneurs in newer firms take risks and pursue fresh discoveries in the hope of developing sustainable advantages. Meanwhile, the established elite work to renew their superiority and prevent Schumpeterian overthrow, sometimes by exercising dynamic capabilities. Analyses of US Compustat firms from 1967-2018 reveal temporal shifts in this battle. Newer entrants have become less likely to achieve sustained superiority and the ages at which firms first accomplish this have risen dramatically. In contrast, while the rate at which established firms renewed sustained superiority fell through the 1980s, it rose sharply thereafter. As the path to initial greatness has become rockier, the rich have increasingly stayed rich, evidence of Schumpeterian fade.

Case Study on Value Chain Analysis of Natural Resource Exports in Liberia

Objects: Michael Porter used the term “Value Chain” in his book “Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance” (1985). The value chain analysis describes the activities of Government performs and links them to the institution’s competitive position to create jobs for Liberians, through exports. This case study research analyzes the value chain on natural resources exports in Liberia in the concessions contracts from 1847 to 2015. Methods: During the review period, the researcher has observed that Liberia has been and is currently used as a raw material country that lacks manufacturing within Liberia. Natural resources are produced outside the country. This study recommends exports of natural resources from outside the country to within Liberia, with a future focus on exportation to other end users. The research is significant to more than 5 million people in Liberia, engaging educators who want to learn more about the process and possibilities of bettering the economic condition of Liberia through the value chain and institutionally-based systems that will improve the living and job market condition of Liberia. Results: Seventy-five percent (75%) of the Liberian population will have jobs when the Government puts a value chain system to create jobs. Conclusion: Youth under the age of 25 to 35 will have an excellent opportunity to work and have quality life/living conditions, health care and infrastructure development for the Liberian population. The lack of a value chain has caused 80% of people not to have jobs currently. The future recommendation is put forward to Liberia, which needs a future-thinking. The Government needs Ato to sign quality values chain concessions that will create jobs for its citizens.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION AND PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERFORMANCE IN FAMILY BUSINESS LOCATED IN JAVA AND BALI: THE MODERATING ROLE OF NETWORKING CAPABILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL DYNAMISM

Product Development Performance (PDP) has an important role to achieve the competitive advantage of the company so that the managerial role is a major factor that can contribute to the success of product development. One of the important factors for understanding Product Development Performance is how a corporate applied the strategic corporate orientation optimally. Strategic orientation can be interpreted as a strategic direction that is determined to be applied by a company as a means of creating the right behaviour in achieving sustainable superior business performance. In this research, we focused in Entrepreneurial Orientation that has been developed in family businesses. Strategic orientation became an important antecedent in enhancing the development of product performance (PDP) because some researchers stated a deeper understanding related to the role of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) is needed especially in family businesses. The development of product performance is also supported by other factors, they are Network Capability and Environmental Dynamism. These findings explained that entrepreneurial orientation has a significant positive effect on product development performance when a company has adequate networking capability to manage environmental dynamics. Therefore, this study is focused on looking at the effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Product Development Performance with Networking Capability and Environment Dynamic as moderating. The research approach taken is quantitative research, which used data presented in the form of numbers or numerical information. The population in this research is family businesses that are located in Java and Bali, Indonesia and the number is unknown. This study found that family businesses have entered the survival phase have a long-term entrepreneurial orientation, which means that they are able to manage opportunities innovatively by being more proactive in all conditions, and it has an effect on the performance of product/service development. The networking capability has opportunities as an antecedent that can affect the performance of product/service development while environmental dynamism is only a potential moderator.

Entering a Golden Age of Sustained Superiority: Entrepreneurial Creation or Discovery?

To better understand the origins of sustained superior firm performance, we consider processes of entrepreneurial creation and discovery. Discovering new opportunities requires speed and flexibility, and although many discoveries are easy to implement, this makes them easy to imitate. By comparison, creation is more complex, iterative, and cumulative, making these opportunities slower to implement yet harder to copy. In formal simulation modeling and analyses of the U.S. Compustat population from 1966 to 2015, we found a bimodal pattern of entry into golden eras of sustained superiority. One peak consisted of an initial spike as firms went public, and evidence suggests this was driven by entrepreneurial discovery. The other peak involved a long-term inverted U-shaped trajectory that reached its high point about 17 years later. Evidence suggests this was driven by entrepreneurial creation, which first enabled then later constrained durable superiority. Our results have implications for research on sustained superiority, entrepreneurial opportunities, and strategic renewal.

Sustainers: Hospitals with sustained superior performance.

The purpose of this article was to investigate the organizational and market-level variables associated with sustained superior hospital performance on Value-Based Purchasing total performance scores (TPS). TPS for 2014 through 2017 was obtained from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Hospital Compare website. Market-level data were from the 2017 Area Health Resource File, and hospital-level data were from the 2014 American Hospital Association Annual Survey database. We specified a logistic regression model to identify significant predictors of hospitals with sustained superior performance on TPS, that is, "sustainers." Only 8.4% of hospitals were classified as sustainers. Hospitals located in rural markets with a high Medicare Advantage penetration had a higher likelihood of being classified as sustainers. High RN staffing levels, lower Medicare share of inpatient days, not-for-profit ownership, and small size were all significant organizational predictors of sustained superior performance. Both modifiable characteristics, such as nurse staffing levels, and nonmodifiable characteristics, such as rural markets and small hospital size, are associated with the likelihood of hospitals sustaining superior performance over time. Managers need to carefully examine their staffing levels as they pursue interventions to sustain high TPS overtime. Moreover, factors such as Medicare share of inpatient days and size need to be considered when understanding barriers to sustained performance on Value-Based Purchasing domains.

Short-term versus longer-term persistence in performance of equity mutual funds: evidence from the Greek market

This study investigates the performance persistence of Greek equity mutual funds for the period 2 November 2009 to 31 October 2017, by utilising diverse evaluation sub-periods. Using all domestic equity mutual funds at our disposal and daily data, the authors apply the Carhart (1997) model to compute risk-adjusted returns and the non-parametric tests of Malkiel (1995), Brown and Goetzmann (1995) and Kahn and Rudd (1995) to evaluate persistence in performance. Results question a winning-picking strategy based on sustained superior performance, as only weak evidence for quarterly persistence is documented, and provide evidence of the Greek market's efficiency. Furthermore, the usage of longer evaluation periods results in the gradual disappearance of persistence in fund returns due to herding behaviour. These results suggest that fund managers follow short-term momentum strategies and investing in Greek equity mutual funds requires frequent portfolio revisions.

Short-term versus longer-term persistence in performance of equity mutual funds: evidence from the Greek market

This study investigates the performance persistence of Greek equity mutual funds for the period 2 November 2009 to 31 October 2017, by utilising diverse evaluation sub-periods. Using all domestic equity mutual funds at our disposal and daily data, the authors apply the Carhart (1997) model to compute risk-adjusted returns and the non-parametric tests of Malkiel (1995), Brown and Goetzmann (1995) and Kahn and Rudd (1995) to evaluate persistence in performance. Results question a winning-picking strategy based on sustained superior performance, as only weak evidence for quarterly persistence is documented, and provide evidence of the Greek market's efficiency. Furthermore, the usage of longer evaluation periods results in the gradual disappearance of persistence in fund returns due to herding behaviour. These results suggest that fund managers follow short-term momentum strategies and investing in Greek equity mutual funds requires frequent portfolio revisions.

Kurt Salzinger (1929-2018).

This article memorializes Kurt Salzinger (1929-2018). Salzinger's main focus of research was schizophrenic speech and its functional characteristics. Collaborating with several colleagues, most notably Stephanie Portnoy (nee Pisoni) and Richard S. Feldman, he documented verbal conditioning without awareness through ingenious experiments in the clinic waiting room, finding that patients with schizophrenia differed from normal controls only in their rates of extinction. They then found that self-referencing statements not only were susceptible to subtle reinforcers, but also that speed of such conditioning predicted the duration of hospitalization. Addressing more generally, they found evidence for an "immediacy hypothesis," whereby individuals with schizophrenia reacted to an extremely limited range of immediate events, including their own utterances. Among the acknowledgments of the quality of his research were an NSF Award for Sustained Superior Performance in 1981 and "The Most Meritorious Article in 1994" award by the Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Sustainable Superior Performance in Family Firms

Sustainable Superior Performance in Family Firms

Business Sustainability - A Study of Most Sustainable Corporations

‘G100’ is the list of most sustainable 100 corporations out of thousands of global leading corporations. G100 corporations are acknowledged every year during the world economic forum. The focus of the study is to identify the key factors which support these corporations to get listed in G100 and to check the relationship of these factors with superior sustainability performance. Literature review enabled us to understand the different motives and factors influencing the drive of sustainability. These are categorized as operational and strategic drivers based on their nature. Multiple regression analysis carried out to check the correlation between the Sustainability drivers and, the repeat performance in G100 by these corporations. Findings helped us conclude that Sustainability initiatives have a motive of an operational benefit and it is also considered as a strategic driver by adding social and environmental dimension in the core purpose of the organization. A positive correlation is confirmed between corporations adopting sustainability as a strategic driver and their performance in G100. Year on year continual improvement is observed in the average scores of G100 corporations and it confirms the contribution of global sustainability indices in helping overall sustainable development.Proposed model adoption may help corporations to drive their sustainability programs and as a result, perform better in G100 with consistency. This study provides insights into sustainability champions and business leaders to understand the role of sustainability drivers. Business leaders can achieve superior sustainability performance in global sustainability indices using the findings of this study. It will also ensure the good governance of sustainability initiatives.

Corporate governance and sustainable business conduct—Effects of board monitoring effectiveness and stakeholder engagement on corporate sustainability performance and disclosure choices

AbstractThis study posits that, in the absence of extensive mandatory regulation and auditing, differences in internal and external corporate governance (CG) mechanisms will explain variations in choices concerning corporate sustainability reporting and the interrelated and underlying corporate sustainability performance (CSP). Specifically, we explore whether board monitoring effectiveness as a major internal CG mechanism and stakeholder engagement as a key external CG mechanism are positively associated with sustainability reporting quality (SRQ), compliance with generally accepted sustainability reporting standards (SRC) and guidelines, and CSP for a sample of Dutch firms that have voluntarily disclosed sustainability reports during the years 2012–2016. In addition to these direct effects, we also investigate the potential indirect effects of the CG mechanisms on SRQ and SRC via CSP and distinguish between nonlagged and lag effects. Using structural equation modeling, our results show that, in the short term, monitoring effectiveness positively affects SRQ and SRC. Stakeholder engagement positively affects SRQ and SRC in the short term and is positively related to SRQ via CSP in the longer term, indicating that active stakeholders, over time, may drive companies toward more sustainable business conduct. Finally, the findings that CSP is positively related to SRQ but negatively related to SRC provide further support for signaling and legitimacy theory, respectively. Companies with superior CSP disclose high‐quality information on CSP to signal the firm's superior sustainability performance, whereas poor performing companies legitimize their inferior CSP by complying with more reporting standards, rather than by directly improving their underlying CSP.

РЕЙТИНГУВАННЯ РЕГІОНІВ УКРАЇНИ ЗА РІВНЕМ КОНКУРЕНТНИХ ПЕРЕВАГ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ

The magnitude and heterogeneity of the industrial sector of the national economy requires its in-depth research in a regional dimension. The urgency of this problem is due to increased competition in world markets and the spread of globalization processes. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the activity and efficiency of the functioning of the industrial sector of the economy of the regions of Ukraine and build the rating of the latter on the level of competitive advantages of the industry. Using the author’s methodical approach, integral indices of competitive advantages characterizing activity (production, export, investment, capital, innovation) and efficiency (resource and economic) of Ukraine are calculated. According to the results of the calculation, the grouping of regions by the level of efficiency and activity of the functioning of the industrial sector of the economy has been carried out. The indices of competitive advantages are reduced to the general integral index, based on which values the regional ranking is based on the level of competitiveness of the industry. The key trends of development of domestic industrial production in the regional section are determined. It was determined that in 2016 the growth of values of such indicators was achieved in the most regions of Ukraine: the share of industrial production in the volume of sales of products (goods and services), the growth rates of capital investments in industry, growth rates of non-current assets, return on assets, labor productivity, profitability of operating activities, as well as indicators of innovation activity. At the same time, there was a decrease in the growth rate of the volume of industrial products sold, the share of non-current assets in assets, the share of industry in the total volume of direct foreign investments and the growth rates of the latter, as well as indicators of export activity. In general, the results of the integrated assessment of the competitive advantages of the industry in the regions of Ukraine provide an opportunity to create an objective analytical basis for making informed managerial decisions regarding the formation of a strategy for the development of the industrial sector of the national economy, in particular at the regional level. REFERENCES: 1. Porter M.E. Competitive Advantage. Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. Free Press, New York, 1985. 557 p.2. Competition in Global Industries. Edited by Michael E. Porter. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1986. 581 p.3. Dunning J.H. The Globalization of Firms and the Competitiveness of Countries: Some Implications for the Theory of International Production, Crafoord Lectures 2, Institute of Economic Research, Lund University Press, Sweden, 1990.4. Dunning J.H. Alliance Capitalism and Global Business. London: Routledge, 1997. 400 p.5. Implementatsiia Uhody pro asotsiatsiiu mizh Ukrainoiu ta YeS: ekonomichni vyklyky ta novi mozhlyvosti : naukova dopovid. Za red. V.M. Heitsia ta T.O. Ostashko. Kyiv, 2016. 184 s. [in Ukrainian].6. Shynkaruk L.V., Bevz I.A., Baranovska I.V. ta in. Strukturni transformatsii v ekonomitsi Ukrainy: dynamika, superechnosti ta vplyv na ekonomichnyi rozvytok: naukova dopovid. Za red. L.V. Shynkaruk. Kyiv, 2015. 304 s. [in Ukrainian].7. Implementatsiia Uhody pro asotsiatsiiu mizh Ukrainoiu ta YeS: rekomendatsii na osnovi dosvidu krain Skhidnoi Yevropy: naukova dopovid. Za red. V.M. Heitsia, A.I. Danylenka, T.O. Ostashko. Kyiv, 2015. 104 s. [in Ukrainian].8. Ishchuk S.O., Sozanskyi L.I., Mikhel R.V., Byrka M.I. Konkurentospromozhnist promyslovosti rehioniv Ukrainy. Nauk. red. S.O. Ishchuk. Lviv, 2016. 73 s. [in Ukrainian].9. Metodyka rozrakhunku intehralnykh rehionalnykh indeksiv ekonomichnoho rozvytku, zatverdzhena Nakazom Derzhavnoho komitetu statystyky Ukrainy vid 15.04.2003 No. 114 (vtratyv chynnist). LihaZakon. URL: http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/FIN7184.html [in Ukrainian].

EVALUATING BARRIERS TO KNOWLEDGE SHARING AFFECTING NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT TEAM PERFORMANCE

Manufacturing and service organisations have repeatedly stressed the importance of knowledge management and sharing as an integral part of their growth and business strategy. Unfortunately, knowledge sharing (KS) barriers or factors can have a negative influence on a new product development (NPD) project team performance can make it difficult for the organisation to achieve sustained superior performance. The purpose of this research is to identify and explore a set of important KS barriers that might negatively affect the performance of a NPD project team. Specifically, this research focussed on identifying and evaluating the barriers to development and to offer guidelines to decision makers to improve KS to foster effective processes. This research can be utilised by decision-makers to design and develop effective processes and mitigation strategies to ensure effective KS.

The Competitive Advantage between Intellectual Capital and Financial Performance of Banking Sector in ASEAN

This research aims to examine the mediating effect of competitive advantage in the relationship between intellectual capital and financial performance of the banking sector in five ASEAN countries. Furthermore, this research analyzes the differentiation level of intellectual capital using its components namely human capital, structural capital, and relational capital measured by Extended VAIC Plus (E-VAIC+). This research using partial least square method to test the mediation effect and ANOVA to test the differentiation level of intellectual capital on the banking sector in five ASEAN countries. The results show intellectual capital has a positive effect to financial performance and competitive advantage, competitive advantage has a positive effect to financial performance, and there is a different level of intellectual capital in Indonesia, Laos, Vietnam, Philippines, and Thailand. These findings support the resource-based theory which asserts that a unique set of resources that are owned and controlled can make the company have sustainable superior performance. These resources can be derived from the intellectual capital component that is exploited in such a way as a competitive advantage. JEL Classification: G31, G32, G34 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v22i2.2060

Green and Rational Design of 3D Layer-by-Layer MnO x Hierarchically Mesoporous Microcuboids from MOF Templates for High-Rate and Long-Life Li-Ion Batteries.

Rational design and delicate control on the textural properties of metal-oxide materials for diverse structure-dependent applications still remain formidable challenges. Here, we present an eco-friendly and facile approach to smartly fabricate three-dimensional (3D) layer-by-layer manganese oxide (MnO x) hierarchical mesoporous microcuboids from a Mn-MOF-74-based template, using a one-step solution-phase reaction scheme at room temperature. Through the controlled exchange of metal-organic framework (MOF) ligand with OH- in alkaline aqueous solution and in situ oxidation of manganese hydroxide intermediate, the Mn-MOF-74 template/precursor was readily converted to Mn3O4 or δ-MnO2 counterpart consisting of primary nanoparticle and nanosheet building blocks, respectively, with well-retained morphology. By X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution TEM, N2 adsorption-desorption analysis and other techniques, their crystal structure, detailed morphology, and microstructure features were unambiguously revealed. Specifically, their electrochemical Li-ion insertion/extraction properties were well evaluated, and it turns out that these unique 3D microcuboids could achieve a sustained superior lithium-storage performance especially at high rates benefited from the well-orchestrated structural characteristics (Mn3O4 microcuboids: 890.7, 767.4, 560.1, and 437.1 mAh g-1 after 400 cycles at 0.2, 0.5, 1, and 2 A g-1, respectively; δ-MnO2 microcuboids: 991.5, 660.8, 504.4, and 362.1 mAh g-1 after 400 cycles at 0.2, 0.5, 1, and 2 A g-1, respectively). To our knowledge, this is the most durable high-rate capability as well as the highest reversible capacity ever reported for pure MnO x anodes, which even surpass most of their hybrids. This facile, green, and economical strategy renews the traditional MOF-derived synthesis for highly tailorable functional materials and opens up new opportunities for metal-oxide electrodes with high performance.

Integrating a dynamic capabilities framework into workplace e‐learning process evaluations

The goal of workplace e‐learning programmes is to improve employee capabilities in order to enhance organisations' performance. However, notions of sustained performance in strategic management have moved from measures of production and profit to innovation and adaptation. We therefore suggest that the design and evaluation of e‐learning should also be consistent with the dynamic capabilities framework, which suggests that sustained superior performance results from an organisation's ongoing ability to alter operational routines in line with environmental requirements. With the intent of showing how e‐learning can be configured and evaluated to support the development of dynamic capabilities, we present findings of an exploratory qualitative study that examines e‐learning processes and evaluations in 12 New Zealand organisations. Our analysis reveals that organisations operating in more dynamic environments are likely to use e‐learning to support innovative and adaptive processes, and evaluate their e‐learning accordingly. This study's findings expand our overall understanding of the dynamic capabilities concept, and shows how e‐learning can be aligned to the achievement of more fluid objectives.