Sustained-release Tablets Research Articles

Development of Chitosan-Maize Starch based Co-processed excipient: As release retardant material

In the present study, co-processed excipients from chitosan, and maize starch were prepared by co-dispersion, and co-granulation methods in 1:1 ratio. The resultant products were then characterized physically by their micrometric properties and hygroscopic characters. The co-processed excipient prepared by co-granulation was chosen and was added to a directly compressible oral sustained-release tablet (Batch F1-F4) containing ibuprofen as a model drug. A well-known marketed ibuprofen tablet (Motrin) was taken for comparison purposes of the dissolution characteristics. Pre-compression parameters, as well as post-compression parameters of all the batches, were performed. The pre-compression parameters, and post-compression parameters of F3, containing chitosan to maize in the ratio of 2:1, were found to be comparable with the marketed product. F3 batch showed 74.7 % of drug release up to 8 h, which reflect the release retardant properties of co-processed excipient. Collectively, co-processed excipients of chitosan, and maize starch improve the physical properties of individual materials, and can be used as a directly compressible excipient as a release retardant material for oral sustained-release tablets.

Development of intestinal colonic drug delivery systems for diverticular disease: A QbD approach

This study aimed to advance the development of intestinal colon-coated sustained-release matrix tablets of metronidazole for diverticulitis treatment, employing the Quality by Design (QbD) methodology. Comprehensive Risk analysis and Risk evaluation were conducted to assess the potential risks associated with Critical Material Attributes (CMA) and Critical Process Parameters (CPP). Ishikawa diagram, color-coded risk classification and the Risk Priority Number (RPN) were used as tools for risk evaluation. A Design of Experiments (DoE) was executed using a fractional factorial design, incorporating five key factors derived from the Risk analysis and Risk evaluation. Two levels and a central point were established for each factor, resulting in 28 batches of coated tablets. The manufacturing process involved direct compression, followed by a coating process using pH-dependent or time-dependent polymers. Characterization and dissolution studies were conducted on all batches, and the obtained results underwent analysis of variance (ANOVA).The findings demonstrated the robustness and reproducibility of both the direct compression and coating processes. Statistical analysis identified HPMC/chitosan ratio, blending time, coating polymer, and coating weight gain as factors significantly impacting drug release. A Design Space was established to delineate the interplay of these factors, offering insights into various combinations influencing drug release behavior. Thus, the design space for 10 % weight gain formulations includes a range of HPMC/CH ratios between 2.7–3 and mixing times between 10 and 12 min; for 20 % weight gain formulations it includes a range of HPMC/CH ratios up to 2 and mixing times between 10 and 16 min. Multiple Linear Regression between technological and biopharmaceutical variables were optimized facilitating scale-up operations. Batches with a 10 % weight increase and varied HPMC viscosity grades and coating polymers achieve ∼50 % drug release at 24 h; however, batches with a 20 % weight increase along, with either high proportions of HPMC and short blending times or low proportions of HPMC and longer blending times, achieve slow release of metronidazole. This study contributes to optimizing metronidazole colonic delivery systems, enhancing their potential efficacy in diverticulitis treatment.

Release Kinetic of Sustained Release Matrix Tablet of Linezolid Containing Polymer Blend.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection mainly affecting the lungs. TB is a major health problem worldwide and the occurrence of extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) offers considerable hurdles to effective treatment and disease management. The growth of treatment-resistant Mycobacterium TB strains has prompted the investigation of alternate therapeutic techniques, including the application of sustained drug delivery. Sustained-release drugs reduce the need for frequent dosing can extend the effects of linezolid by 8 to 12 hours, thus improving the patient’s adherence to the treatment. The objective of this study is to formulate oral sustained-release linezolid tablets employing blends of polymers like hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC)- K100M, ethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, and chitosan to provide sustained drug release. Linezolid was made into a sustained-release tablet by employing the direct compression method using different drug-polymer ratios. Formulated tablets were compared with marketed formulations to assess the similarity factor. The formulation was assessed for drug-excipient interaction, solubility, flow properties, etc. The diameter, friability, thickness, hardness, weight variation, in-vitro drug release, and drug release kinetics of compressed tablets were examined. Drug release research proved that all polymers were able to sustain drug release. Formulation (F5) with HPMC (100mg) and ethyl cellulose (100mg) resulted in 49.89% drug release after 8 hours, making it the optimal formulation. According to the kinetic model of the drug release, the Higuchi model was selected, which indicates the diffusion of the drug from an insoluble matrix. The optimized formulation showed a similarity factor of 52% with the marketed formulation, suggesting similarity in drug release between these two formulations.

Formulation and Evaluation of Sustained Release Dosage Form of Venlafaxine Hydrochloride for Enhanced Treatment of Neurodisorders

In the present study, we have designed and developed a sustained-release tablet formulation of Venlafaxine Hydrochloride. The optimized formulation was then subjected to various evaluation parameters. The formulation of venlafaxine hydrochloride sustained release tablets with a dosage of 500 mg included the utilization of several hydrophilic polymers, including jackfruit mucilage, HPMC K4, and PVPK30, as release retardants. This was done to extend the duration of drug release to 12 hours. The formulation features, including pre-compression and post-compression investigations, were conducted individually according to established protocols. The tablets were determined to be compliant in terms of weight uniformity, hardness, thickness, diameter, friability, and drug content. Separate in-vitro dissolution studies were done for both tablets. The venlafaxine hydrochloride SR formulation F18 was optimized to provide the desired release profile for up to 12 hours. The Venlafaxine Hydrochloride SR formulation was optimized and exhibited zero-order release kinetics. The stability studies conducted under accelerated conditions at a temperature of 40 ± 2°C and a relative humidity of 75 ± 5% yielded good results. The study indicated that the sustained release administration of Venlafaxine HCl is potentially efficacious. It reduces the frequency at which the patient has to take medication and improves patient adherence. Our objective is to conduct in-vivo pharmacokinetic studies of the formulation to verify the drug’s entry into the systemic circulation.

MOF derived ZnCo2O4@nitrogen-doped carbon as an electrochemical sensor for simultaneous detection of acetaminophen and p-aminophenol

In this study, a rapid and sensitive electrochemical sensor (ZnCo2O4@NC) based on metal-organic frame (MOF)-derived metal oxide material (ZnCo2O4) and chitosan derived nitrogen-doped carbon material (NC) was successfully constructed for the simultaneous determination of acetaminophen (APAP) and p-aminophenol (PAP). A series of electrochemical experiments proved that the MOF derived ZnCo2O4@NC composite has excellent electrochemical response to APAP and PAP in the phosphate buffer saline (PBS) (pH 7.0). The current response varies linearly with the increase of APAP concentration in the range of 8.0 μmol L−1 to 520 μmol L−1 and PAP concentration in the range of 6.0 μmol L−1 to 420 μmol L−1. The sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD) of ZnCo2O4@NC for APAP and PAP detection are 0.1024 and 0.2749 μA μmol L−1 cm−2, 0.0608 and 0.2489 μmol L−1, respectively. The ZnCo2O4@NC composite modified electrode exhibits good selectivity, reproducibility and stability. Additionally, in the detection for acetaminophen sustained-release tablets, the recovery rates of APAP are in the range of 90.00 % –100.00 %. The theoretical content is consistent with our detection results, showing that this method has good accuracy in actual sample analysis. This study provides an innovative idea to improve electrochemical performance of simultaneous detection of acetaminophen and p-aminophenol through the comprehensive strategy of structural design, heteroatom doping.

Design and Evaluation of New Gel-Based Floating Matrix Tablets Utilizing the Sublimation Technique for Gastroretentive Drug Delivery.

A gel-based floating matrix tablet was formulated and evaluated using the sublimation technique to enhance gastroretentive drug delivery. Anhydrous theophylline was employed as the active pharmaceutical ingredient, combined with sublimation agents and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as the gel-forming polymer. The resulting tablets exhibited high porosity, immediate floatation, and sustained buoyancy for over 8 h. Optimization of the floating behavior and drug release profiles was achieved by adjusting the viscosity of and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and the concentration of sublimation agents, specifically ammonium carbonate and menthol. These agents were selected for their effectiveness in creating a porous structure, thus reducing tablet density and enhancing floatation. Higher HPMC viscosity resulted in increased floating force, slower drug release, and improved swelling properties due to a slower erosion rate. A critical assessment of the balance between tablet porosity, mechanical strength, and drug release kinetics indicates that ammonium carbonate provided superior tablet hardness and lower friability compared to menthol, favoring a controlled release mechanism. The release dynamics of theophylline were best described by the anomalous (non-Fickian) diffusion model, suggesting a combined effect of diffusion and erosion. This research advances the development of gastroretentive drug delivery systems, highlighting the potential of sublimation-based floating matrix tablets for sustained drug release.

Structure based release kinetics analysis of doxazosin mesylate sustained-release tablets using micro-computed tomography

The structures of solid dosage forms determine their release behaviors and are critical attributes for the design and evaluation of the solid dosage forms. Here, the three-dimensional (3D) structures of doxazosin mesylate sustained-release tablets (DM SRT) as reference listed drug (RLD) and a generic preparation were parallelly assessed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). There were no significant differences observed in the release profiles between the RLD and the generic formulation in the conventional dissolution, but the generic preparation released slightly faster in media with ethanol for an alcohol-induced dose-dumping test. With their 3D structures obtained via micro-CT determination, the unique release behaviors of both RLD and the generic were investigated for samples from dissolution tests to reveal the effects of internal fine structure on the release kinetics. The structural parameters for both preparations were similar in conventional dissolution test, whilst the dissolutions in ethanol media of RLD were more or less distinguished from that of generic preparations, attributing to their static and dynamic structures. Furthermore, the findings revealed that the presence of ethanol accelerated the dissolution and induced changes in the internal structure of both the RLD and the generic preparations. Moreover, the structure parameters like volume and area of outer contour, remaining solid volume and cavity volume were not equivalent between the two formulations in 40 % ethanol. In conclusion, the structure data obtained from this study provided valuable insights into the diverse release behaviors observed in various modified-release formulations in drug development and quality control.

A data-driven approach to predict the in vitro dissolution time of sustained-release tablets using raw material databases and machine learning algorithms

Tablets are the most typical dosage forms of pharmaceutical inventions. Sustained-release (SR) tablet formulations are designed to release the drug gradually in the bloodstream and often require less frequent dosing. Current strategies to optimize sustained-release tablet dissolution time still rely on the traditional approach, which is time-consuming and expensive. In the present context, we have demonstrated alternate machine learning and deep learning models through the TPOT AutoML platform. Six machine learning (ML) models were compared to improve the methodology for dissolution time prediction, particularly the decision tree regressor (DTR), gradient boost regressor (GBR), random forest regressor (RFR), extra tree regressor (ETR), XGBoost regressor (XGBR), and deep learning (DL). The obtained results indicated that machine learning methods are convincing in speculating the dissolution time, especially the random forest regressor, but upon hypertuning of the deep neural network, the deep learning model with a 10-fold cross-validation scheme demonstrated superior predictive performance with an NRMSE of 8% and an R2 of 0.92. The major essentials affecting the dissolution time of SR tablets were explained using the SHAP method.

Design and Optimization of 3D-Printed Tablets Containing Mucuna Extracts for Erectile Dysfunction Management: A DoE-Guided Study.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) refers to the inability of the penis to maintain a firm erection during sexual activity. Mucuna, or M. pruriens, contains levodopa, a compound showing promise in ED treatment. However, formulating Mucuna extract into tablet dosage forms is challenging due to its semisolid nature. This study aimed to develop sustained-release tablets containing Mucuna extract via semisolid extrusion 3D printing. Eudragit RS PO (Eudragit) served as a sustained-release polymer, with poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a co-polymer for forming the tablet matrices. This study had the following two main phases: screening, which identified the factors affecting the printability, and optimization, which focused on the factors influencing the levodopa release and its consistency. The results showed that both the polymeric solid percentage content (PSPC) in the semisolid slurry and the Eudragit-PVA ratio significantly affected the printability. All of the formulations were printable, and the PSPC and Eudragit-PVA ratios were incorporated into the optimized model. The desired formulation, achieving targeted levodopa release and consistency, had a PSPC of 58.8% and a Eudragit-PVA ratio of 2.87:1. In conclusion, semisolid extrusion 3D printing guided by the design of experiments (DoE) proved feasible for producing reliable 3D-printed tablets with consistent active ingredients and desired release rates.

Formulation of Sustained-Release Tablets of Tolperisone HCl Using Different Blends of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Polymers

Formulation of Sustained-Release Tablets of Tolperisone HCl Using Different Blends of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Polymers

Development of a simple and rapid Formulation and evaluation of Metformin HCl extended-release tablets in comparison with Glucophage® XR

Metformin HCl is the first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes. It is available in both immediate-release and extended-release tablet forms, with the extended-release tablet being more beneficial. In this study, 34 formulations using five sustained-release agents, alone or in combination, were evaluated. The granular flowability, angle of repose, bulk Density, tapped Density, compressibility index, and Hausner ratio were assessed. Furthermore, the compressed tablets were tested for appearance, hardness, friability, and in-vitro drug release. Eleven formulations were evaluated for dissolution profiles according to the standards specified in the United States Pharmacopeia. After calculating the similarity factor (f1) and difference factor (f2), eight formulations were identified for further investigation. The combination of xanthan gum and hypromellose (HPMC K100) demonstrated superior results regarding the sustained-release agent amount and tablet appearance. This noteworthy finding led to continuing the study to explore further formulations with different amounts of xanthan gum and Hypromellose K100. As a result, formulation F34 was identified as the optimal choice because of its higher drug-to-polymer ratio. In conclusion, the final formulation is a rapid, cost-effective, and straightforward method due to the less time required for drying, the amount of sustained-release agents, and the number of components.

Kajian Penggunaan Matriks Pada Formulasi Tablet Lepas Lambat

This research discusses the use of matrices in sustained-release tablet formulations to optimize the active substance release profile. Extended-release tablets are a type of tablet formulation designed to release the active substance gradually in the body over a certain period of time. The main purpose of sustained-release tablets is to maintain drug levels in the blood or target area over a longer period of time, compared to conventional tablets which release the active substance quickly after ingestion. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach which aims to deepen an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon being studied. As a result, selecting the right type of matrix proves to be crucial in achieving the expected therapeutic effectiveness. Polymer matrices, both natural and synthetic, play an important role in controlling the stability and efficiency of tablets and their ability to gradually release active substances.

The MeViDa Study: Bioequivalence Study of FDC of Dapagliflozin, Vildagliptin SR and Metformin SR in Healthy Indian Volunteers: A Randomized, Open-Label, Crossover Study

Objective: To assess the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of Dapagliflozin 10mg + Vildagliptin Sustained Release (SR) 100mg + Metformin SR 1000mg fixed dose combination (FDC) tablets with DAPAMAC V 10 (Dapagliflozin 10mg + Vildagliptin SR 100mg tablets) and Glycomet 1g (Metformin SR 1000 mg tablets) in healthy adult male subjects under fasting conditions. Material and Methods: This was an open-label, balanced, randomized, two-treatment, two-period, two-sequence, single-dose, crossover, oral bioequivalence study. Volunteers were randomized to receive either a test product or a reference product under the fasting condition with a seven-day washout period. The pharmacokinetics parameters evaluated were maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), the area under the curve (AUC) at time t (AUC0-t), and the total area under the curve (AUC0-∞). Adverse events were also assessed as safety endpoints. Results: Twenty-four healthy adult male subjects were randomized, and 24 completed the study. The mean values for Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ were almost identical for test and reference products. The 90% confidence intervals of the ratios of adjusted geometric means for the pharmacokinetic parameters, i.e. Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ of the test product, were within the predefined bioequivalence limits of 80.00 to 125.00%. No adverse events or serious adverse events or deaths were reported during the study. All treatments were well tolerated. Conclusion: The test formulation, Dapagliflozin 10mg + Vildagliptin SR 100mg + Metformin SR 1000mg FDC, were bioequivalent to DAPAMAC V 10 (Dapagliflozin 10mg + Vildagliptin SR 100mg tablets) and Glycomet 1g (Metformin 1000mg SR tablets) in healthy adult male subjects under fasting conditions. Keywords: Bioequivalence, Fixed-Dose Combination, Dapagliflozin, Metformin, Sustained Release, Vildagliptin, AUC, Cmax

The efficacy of lumbar erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia management in patients undergoing lumbar unilateral bi-portal endoscopic surgery: a prospective randomized controlled trial

BackgroundThe efficacy and reliability of erector spinae plane block (ESPB) in posterior open lumbar spine surgery has been demonstrated; however, few randomized controlled trials of lumbar ESPB (L-ESPB) in lumbar unilateral bi-portal endoscopic (UBE) surgery have been reported.MethodsA total of 120 patients, aged 18 to 65 (who underwent elective lumbar UBE surgery under general anesthesia and exhibited an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status of I to III) were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the ESPB group and the Control group. Ultrasound(US)-guided unilateral single-shot 0.25% ropivacaine L-ESPB was performed in the ESPB group, but not in the control group. Postoperative analgesic strategy for all patients: patient controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA, diluted and dosed with fentanyl alone) was initiated immediately after surgery combined with oral compound codeine phosphate and ibuprofen sustained release tablets (1 tablet containing ibuprofen 200 mg and codeine 13 mg, 1 tablet/q12h) commenced 6 h postoperatively. We collected and compared patient-centred correlates intraoperatively and 48 h postoperatively. The primary outcomes were intraoperative and postoperative opioid consumption and postoperative quality of recovery-15 (QoR-15) scores.ResultsCompared to the control group (n = 56), the ESPB group (n = 58) significantly reduced intraoperative remifentanil consumption (estimated median difference − 280 mcg, 95% confidence interval [CI] − 360 to − 200, p < 0.001, power = 100%); significantly reduced fentanyl consumption at 24 h postoperatively (estimated median difference − 80mcg, 95%[CI] − 128 to − 32, p = 0.001, power = 90%); and significantly enhanced the QoR-15 score at 24 h postoperatively (estimated median difference 11, 95%[CI] 8 to 14, p < 0.001, power = 100%). Compared to the control group, the ESPB group enhanced the resting numeric rating scale (NRS) score up to 8 h postoperatively, and the active movement NRS score up to 4 h postoperatively. The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) (p = 0.015, power = 70%), abdominal distension (p = 0.024, power = 64%), and muscular calf vein thrombosis (MCVT) (p = 0.033, power = 58%) was lower in the ESPB group than in the control group. Moreover, the occurrence of L-ESPB related adverse reactions was not found herein.ConclusionUS-guided L-ESPB reduces intraoperative and 24 h postoperative opioid consumption and improves patients' QoR-15 scores at 24 h postoperatively. L-ESPB can be safely and effectively utilized in lumbar UBE surgery.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2200061908, date of registration: 10/07/2022. Registry URL.

Formulation and Evaluation of Metformin Using Fenugreek Seed Mucilage Used as a Natural Polymer

The major goal of this study was to develop and test metformin sustained release tablets employing fenugreek seed mucilage (FSM) as a new binder, as opposed to standard polymers such as xanthan gum and HPMC. The study shows how FSM provides sustained medication release while keeping metformin physicochemical characteristics. The sustained-release matrix tablets were made on a laboratory scale utilizing the wet granulation process. 5 batches were created, each with varying quantities of fenugreek seed mucilage, xanthan gum, and HPMC. To examine the tablet's physical properties and consistency, different criteria such as thickness, hardness, weight variation, and content homogeneity were measured. FTIR tests were performed to determine the compatibility of metformin and the polymers employed. The results showed no incompatibility, indicating that the novel excipient, FSM was not affecting the drug's physicochemical qualities. The in-vitro drug dissolution investigation was conducted utilizing a USP type-II paddle apparatus to quantify the drug release rate from dosage forms and to assess thepolymers' efficacy in retarding drug release. The study discovered that raising the concentration ofthe matrix ingredient reduced the medication release rate. Among the formulations, the combination of FSM with HPMC (MS1) resulted in 95% drug release, FSM with xanthan gum achieved 96% drug release, and the MS4 formulation had the greatest drug release rate. Finally, the study showed that fenugreek seed mucilage and xanthan gum effectively develop metformin continuous-release matrix tablets. Lower concentrations of these polymers were more suited and effective, resulting in sustained drug release. This study demonstrates the potential of fenugreek seed mucilage as a novel and effective binder in sustained-release formulations.

Formulation Development and Evaluation of Atorvastatin Calcium Extended-Release Tablets

Atorvastatin calcium is an antihyperlipidemic agent that acts as HMG- COA reductase inhibitor. The objectives of the current research are to evaluate Atorvastatin calcium release from sustained-release tablets. FTIR analysis reveals that drug and polymer have no interaction. The tablets were created utilizing the wet granulation process by using various concentrations of polymer like HPMC. The prepared extended-release tablets have been assessed for friability, thickness, drug content, hardness, and in-vitro drug release studies. From the release analysis at high concentrations demonstrate better release than HPMC low concentration. The in-vitro release data findings indicate that HPMC polymer exhibits a better release rate at 18 hours showing 97.63.

Clinical value of Vitamin-D combined with budesonide/formoterol and theophylline sodium glycinate sustained-release tablets in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

To explore the clinical value of Vitamin-D combined with budesonide/formoterol (BF) and theophylline sodium glycinate (TSG) sustained-release tablets in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Medical records of 114 patients with CODP, treated in Wenzhou Geriatric Hospital from October 2020 to February 2023, were retrospectively analyzed. Of them, 59 received treatment with Vitamin-D combined with BF and TSG sustained-release tablets (Group-A), and 55 patients received treatment with BF combined with TSG sustained-release tablets (Group-B). Lung function indicators, blood gas status, inflammatory factors, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels before and after the treatment in both groups were collected. After the treatment, lung function indicators, blood gas status, inflammatory factors, FeNO, and 25 (OH) D levels in both groups were significantly improved compared to pretreatment levels, and were significantly better in the Group-A compared to Group-B (P<0.05). The combination of Vitamin-D, BF, and TSG sustained-release tablets can effectively regulate the blood gas status of patients with COPD, improve lung function, regulate FeNO and 25 (OH) D, and effectively downregulate the levels of inflammatory factors, thus reducing the degree of inflammatory response.

Formulation, Development and In-vitro Characterization of Modified Release Tablets of Curcumin

Objective: The current study set out to design and test a cost-effective system for developing modified-release tablets of curcumin in an effort to increase the duration of drug release. Because curcumin has a shorter elimination half-life, reducing the frequency of doses can increase its bioavailability. Methods: For improved drug retardation in the stomach environment, modified-release tablets were made utilizing the wet granulation method with various grades of high-potassium chloride (HPC) as the extended-release matrix-forming agent and katira gum as the viscosity-modifying agent. Combining the use of HPC and katira gum slows the drug’s release in the stomach. The sustained-release tablets had the highest rate of medication release for up to 24 hours with almost no stomach absorption. The medication and excipients did not interact, according to the fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra. There was no evidence of drug-excipient incompatibility, according to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests. Optimal formulation batch F2 modified release tablets showed no outward signs of deterioration after three months of storage, according to stability analysis. Further evidence that F2 was steady is the lack of variation in drug content and percentage of drug release. Conclusion: This study accomplished its stated goal of creating a modified-release tablet formulation that is both cost-effective and does not make use of coating technology.

Study on Natural Gums and Resins as Release Retarding Agents in Development of Sustained Release Matrix Tablets of Didanosine

Didanosine is an anti-retroviral drug which helpful in preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from multiplication in the body. This drug has a relatively short half-life and low absolute bioavailability and requires frequent dosing. So to avoid this frequent dosing and to improve the patient’s compliance, the development of sustained-release tablets is necessary. Natural gums and resins play an important role in retarding drug release. Didanosine extended-release matrix formulations developed with wet granulation using gum kondagogu, guar gum, gum olibanum, and olibanum resin, and evaluated for pre and post-compression parameters. The outcome of all evaluation tests is reached IP specifications. Formulations with kondagogu F1-F3 failed to extend the drug release. F4-F6 was formulated with gum kondagogu and guar gum, in which F4 prolonged the release up to 12 hours with 98.23%. The formulations F7 with olibanum resin release 96.13%, and F10 with gum olibanum releases 93.15% drug at the end of 12 hours. The conclusion from the study was that natural polymers could be used to enhance drug release for an extended period.

Tablet Compression Optimization of Ivabradine Sustained-Release Tablet Using Full Factorial Design

Tablet Compression Optimization of Ivabradine Sustained-Release Tablet Using Full Factorial Design