Sustainable Tourism Development Policies Research Articles

Linking tourist's footprint and environmental tragedy through transportation, globalization and energy choice in BIMSTEC region: Directions for a sustainable solution using novel GMM-PVAR approach

The rising temperature in the world's atmosphere is an outcome strongly linked to man-made manufactured interventions. Recreational activities in the form of tourism are such interventions that can unleash multidimensional negative externalities if not regulated properly. The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) region has become one of the major hubs for recreational activities in the last few decades. However, the region's tourism-led environmental degradation has received scant attention in the literature. As such, this paper unveils how tourist footprint affects the region's environmental sustainability and explores potential solutions to encourage the tourism industry to be more pro-environmental. We have used the novel GMM-PVAR technique to assess how globalization, transportation, green energy, and economic growth have affected the tourism industry and carbon footprint in the BIMSTEC region from 1990 to 2019. We lean on the empirical outcomes to propose regional sustainable tourism development policies. The GMM-PVAR model indicates that renewable energy, economic growth, and the transportation sector's development positively affect the tourism industry's growth in the region. However, globalization and environmental degradation negatively influence tourists' arrival. Contrarily, transportation services, economic growth, and tourism boost the carbon footprint in the region. Although globalization and clean energy reduce carbon footprint, these indicators are insignificant, indicating that this region is still lagging in renewable energy generation and failed to reap the positive spillovers of globalization. Based on these outcomes, we propose that the region redesign its tourism industry to encourage eco-friendly tourism by leaning more on pro-environmental strategies (i.e., powering the tourism industry through the penetration of renewable energies) and tightening environmental regulations.

Kebijakan Pembangunan Pariwisata Berkelanjutan Di Desa Pulau Maringkik Kabupaten Lombok Timur

Maringkik Island Village is the outermost island of Lombok Island, located in the middle of the sea, in the Keruak District, East Lombok Regency with an area of 6 ha, consisting of a population of 2343 people. This paper aims to analyze sustainable tourism development policies, the obstacles faced, and solutions. The method used in this activity was carried out using a participatory method by conducting focus group discussions (FGD). In conclusion, Pulau Maringkik Village is the only Archipelagic Tourism Village in East Lombok which was determined based on East Lombok Regent Decree No 188.45/QB3/Par/2021, the obstacles faced, namely population density, the allocation for tourism development at the village level is only 1,67%. the people are not yet open to tourists, especially foreign tourists, public awareness of the potential for tourism in their area has not been built, limited supply of clean water, guidance, and assistance has not been carried out by the Regional Government of East Lombok Regency, waste management has not been carried out, facilities and infrastructure supporting tourism are still limited, Solution, The East Lombok Regency Government needs to carry out continuous guidance and assistance in order to build sustainable tourism, provide counseling about tourism potential in Maringkik Island Village so that people understand the benefits of developing tourism in their area, structuring clean water sources, waste handling, provision of facilities and tourism infrastructure can cooperate with, East Lombok Regency Government, Tourism Office, and Travel Bureau

Global Principles of Sustainable Tourism Development Ecological, Economic and Cultural


 Indonesia is known as a country that has the beauty of the natural panorama of the sea and land and also invaluable cultural resources for the development of national tourism, in order to realizing the welfare and prosperity of the people as mandated by the1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. This research focus on discuss Global Principles of Sustainable Tourism Development and Sustainable Tourism Development Policy in Bali Province and to analyze the management of tourism destination in KSPN Kintamani-Lake Batur. This research is a normative legal research. The data used are primary and secondary data. The result explaine that the main economic sector in Bali, on the one hand, tourism performance is required to reduce the negative impact of tourism development. Nationally, with the enactment of Law Number 10 of 2009 concerning Tourism and Government Regulation Number 50 of 2011 concerning the National Tourism Development Master Plan (RIPKN), the Bali Provincial Government is required to prepare a Regional Tourism Development Master Plan (RIPKD) as stated in Bali Provincial Regulation No. 10 of 2015 concerning the Bali Provincial Tourism Development Master Plan for 2015-2029, which contains visions, directions, and plans that direct the development of tourist areas in Bali.

Researching the capacity of Hoi An ancient town in the policy-making for sustainable tourism development

Tourism carrying capacity is an important factor of sustainable tourism development policy for any destinations. Results from the capacity specifically forecast tourism impact on the destination's natural environment and also forecast the destination's life cycle. The focus of the article is to record the results from calculating the tourism capacity of Hoi An ancient town – a popular destination that has been overloaded recently. Based on Physical Carrying Capacity (PCC) and Effective Real Carrying Capacity (ERCC) and after eliminating the negative impact factor to ensure sustainable development, the maximum number of tourists permitted to visit Hoi An ancient town is 3.53 million per year. However, the number of tourists to Hoi An in 2019 was 5.35 million, surpassing the addressed limit of carrying capacity by 1.52 times. The author suggests a management policy with focus on (1) creating vacation time for the destination; (2) and redistributing key tourist markets for Hoi An ancient town. From the results of these two measures, the author gives some suggestions on management policies to restructure the tourist market in order to reduce the pressure on the carrying capacity of Hoi An ancient town and the heritage route in the Central of Viet Nam according to the goal of sustainable development.

A research on provide competitive advantage of energy use on the tourism sector

The tourism sector plays a locomotive role in the development of the country and in this regard, the energy factor plays a vital role in providing locally sourced conditions for competitive advantage. The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between energy production and the tourism sector within a competitive advantage. In this selected issue five countries (China, the USA, Germany, Russia, and Turkey) have been compared. The findings show that energy creates a competitive advantage in service infrastructure and transportation facilities, especially in tourism. Identifying the relationship between energy use and tourism will contribute to local governments to determine an appropriate strategy for energy management and sustainable tourism development policies, and reveal how energy will create a competitive advantage over the tourism sector.

Implications of Paradigm Shift in Tourism Policy : An Evidence of Bhutan

The study intended to examine the impact of major changes in the tourism policy of Bhutan adopted in 2005 as a ‘Sustainable Tourism Development Policy.’ A genuine effort was made to investigate the possible presence of a long-run relationship between tourism and economic growth using the Johansen method of cointegration and vector error correction mechanism. The international tourists' arrival and GDP per capita were used as proxies for tourism expansion and economic growth, respectively. The findings confirmed that tourism has expanded significantly after Bhutan’s policy shift from a more restrictive regime to a more pragmatic ‘Sustainable Tourism Development Policy.’ We obtained concrete evidence of a long-run relationship between tourism expansion and economic growth. However, in the short-run, there was no such strong evidence. The move from a restrictive tourism regime to a more open tourism regime is found to be economically beneficial for a small land-locked economy and provides better economic and social integration with the neighboring countries over a long-run period. The study is a novel attempt to apply time series cointegration and vector error correction method for examining the impact of tourism policy change on Bhutan’s economic growth.

SUSTAINABLE TOURISM: WHY DO GOVERNMENT NEED COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE?

The research aims to elaborate strategic dimensions in collaborative planning as the carrying capacity of government action in the success of sustainable tourism development policies. The criticism of the government's dominance in the tourism sector has marginalized the community and gave rise to psudo democracy. The research method uses descriptive qualitative, located in Pekon Wisata Teluk Kiluan, Tanggamus Regency. Indonesia. Data collection by interview, observation, and documentation study. The analysis uses a collaborative governance model. The results of the study elaborate on the strategic dimensions of collaborative governance in the form of participation, equality and community competence that require policy correction and a strategic part in tourism sustainability. Several supporting factors such as local culture, community education level, government dynamics in responding to change, deliberations for planning and regional development are useful in improving decision making in public policy

Using Q-methodology for analyzing divergent perspectives about sustainable tourism

The present study is used Q-methodology to analyze the conceptions of different stakeholders (n = 30) including tourists, entrepreneurs, and policy makers about sustainable tourism (ST). The data analysis provided three distinct conceptions, namely context-developer, justice-driven, and tourist-oriented. The most widely held view was context-developer and has the most variance. The findings indicated that ST development policy makers should pay considerable attention to stakeholders’ different perspectives and the potential conflicts between them.

A Holistic Conceptual Framework into Practice-Based on Urban Tourism Toward Sustainable Development in Thailand

This article is a research output presenting a new step for urban tourism development in Thailand. It focused on how a urban tourism development action plan was made in accordance with the sustainable tourism development policy in Thailand, and the overall effect of urban tourism development plan-making practice on the environment, quality society, local economics, and urban history and culture. This article proposed a holistic conceptual framework of urban tourism development plan-making practices regarding sustainability. It began with a literature review of urban tourism development and stakeholders in urban tourism development planning. The author emphasized the presentation of the outcome from quantitative and qualitative investigations of urban tourism in Chiang Mai and Phuket, two cities, in a case study of Thailand. The result highlighted the capacity of the area and the urgent need, in a five year period, to develop urban tourism towards sustainability by focusing on the fundamental problems of urban development and urban tourism development, as well as the integration of sustainable policies and the stakeholders’ participation in urban tourism development planning. For this reason, a possible sustainable urban tourism development plan-driving framework has been proposed to encourage the existing participation of stakeholders for future research development.

THE DYNAMIC IMPACTS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY AND TOURISM INVESTMENTS ON INTERNATIONAL TOURISM: EVIDENCE FROM THE G20 COUNTRIES

This paper investigates the effects of the renewable energy consumption and the tourism investments along with the per capita gross domestic product (GDP), the real effective exchange rate, and trade openness on both tourism revenues (total tourism contribution to GDP) and international tourist arrivals in the sample of the G20 members. The annual data from 1995 to 2015 and the panel econometric techniques are utilized to achieve the objectives of the current paper. The results for the long-run elasticities from the panel fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) estimations suggest that the renewable energy uses and tourism investments have a considerable positive impact on both the tourism revenues and the tourist arrivals. Given these results, it is argued that promoting both renewable energy and tourism investments should be considered as the major driving forces of tourism development in the G20 countries. Given these arguments, policymakers should initiate more of sustainable tourism development policies, which may assist those countries to expand the tourism industry further.

Sustainable Tourism Development and Food Security in Ethiopia: Policy-making and Planning

ABSTRACTThe tourism-food security relationship is one of the most critical yet overlooked areas of sustainable tourism development policy, particularly for developing countries. With a view to casting light on the tourism-food security relationship, this paper presents an analysis of Ethiopia’s tourism development, with a focus on tourism policies and strategies that are linked to food security. The paper reveals that while eradicating pervasive food insecurity is a priority development concern of Ethiopia, existing tourism policy does not directly reference food security concerns. Rather, employment, income and poverty reduction are the foci of tourism policy and can be considered as, at best, implicit policy pathways to food security. The paper argues that for more effective food security, the tourism sector needs to be guided by policy prescription and instruments that mainstream food security concerns into practice.

Predicting Foreign Tourists for the Tourism Industry Using Soft Computing-Based Grey–Markov Models

Accurate prediction of foreign tourist numbers is crucial for each country to devise sustainable tourism development policies. Tourism time series data often have significant temporal fluctuation, so Grey–Markov models based on a grey model with a first order differential equation and one variable, GM(1,1), can be appropriate. To further improve prediction accuracy from Grey–Markov models, this study incorporates soft computing techniques to estimate a modifiable range for a predicted value, and determine individual state bounds for the Markov chain. A new residual value is formulated by summing the transition probability matrices with different steps. The proposed grey prediction model was applied to foreign tourist forecasting using historical annual data collected from Taiwan Tourism Bureau and China National Tourism Administration. The experimental results show that the proposed grey prediction model performs well in comparison with other Grey–Markov models considered.

SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES AND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN SUCEAVA COUNTY, ROMANIA

Making tourism more sustainable, means not only to control and manage the negative environmental impacts of this sector. Tourism is unique in the sense that it can provide both economic and social benefits for local communities and it can also strengthen the awareness and support for environmental conservation. The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework for more sustainable tourism development policies, but also a set of instruments to implement these policies. We used in this study an interactionist approach on tourism which involves the consideration of all the impacts, risks, relationships and links within it, focusing on the determinants of the phenomena. The situation is analyzed according to a survey carried out in Bucovina, a regional historic province situated in Suceava County (North East region of Romania). The analysis of the studied region was done in terms of environmental, economic and social aspects. Thus issues such as: industrial development, environmental impacts, institutional capacity, market trends, regional and social development were analyzed. The considered situation is the result of a case that manifests itself through alliances, oppositions between the actors of a territory. The research methodology adopted in this study intended to reconstruct the set of interactions between stakeholders which allows a better understanding of the economic and environmental results.

DYNAMIC MODELLING OF TOURISM ATTRACTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL CARRYING CAPACITY CASE STUDY: TAMAN BUNGA CIHIDEUNG AREA–WEST BANDUNG REGENCY

The development of agro tourism activities performed on protected area should be noticed aspects of the environmental carrying capacity. However, the fact is, agro tourism activities often followed by developments of other activities that impact on the conversion of agricultural land to uses other than agriculture. By taking the case in Taman Bunga Cihideung Area - West Bandung regency, this study was conducted using system dynamics modeling to examine the dynamics between tourist attractions with the carrying capacity of their environment. The system dynamics approach describes the problems on feedback processes. These feedbacks responsible for the changes that experienced over time which resulted dynamic behavior as consequence of system structure in agro tourism activities. Dynamic interaction of the elements of tourism attraction, socio-economic conditions of the population and carrying capacity are analyzed to understand the dynamic behavior. That dynamic behavior becomes meaningful and powerful to postulate phenomenon that occurs. The dynamic interaction between the elements of this system is used as a basis to simulate a variety of policy interventions that can develop tourism attraction with considering limitation of environmental carrying capacity. The study results can be used for sustainable tourism development policies.

Marine Tourism Development Strategy of the South Sea through Sustainable Management of Coastal Environment

This study is to integratedly examine coastal management policy and marine tourism development project for Korean coasts, especially for the South Sea of high development pressure, presenting sustainable tourism development policies for the future. To do so, it is examined central government-level coastal development projects set up by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries and the Ministry cf Construction and Transportation, setting the direction of south coastal management and tourism development at a level of national territory planning. The problems of coastal management first and then the problems of the South Coast Tourism Belt Project are analyzed in order to present political and administrative alternatives. To overcome such problems and make Korea a marine tourism base in East Asia, there is a need for re-recognition of the value of the project and its continuous push through cooperation between central and local governments. Also, under the presupposition of consensus building among local people and the sustainable development of environments, there should be are-recognition that the future cf Korean marine tourism in the 21st-century and the success of an inverted <TEX>$\pi-axis$</TEX> national development depend on the South coastal Tourism Belt Development Project.