Nations Sustainable Development Research Articles

Government schemes empowering Indian women: A study in the reference of Bihar

Many schemes being run by the government to empower women are now bearing fruit. These schemes are not only empowering the women of villages in India but they are also becoming aware of their rights. Bihar is the best example of this. Where today women's status has increased not only in jobs but also in the family. Women's respect and self-respect have both increased. Calling women weak is now a thing of the past. Women's interference and their participation has increased in every field of society and family. Today no family will be able to live happily by ignoring women. The schemes being run by the Government of India and the Government of Bihar to make women empowered and self-reliant have a big role behind this. In a developing state like Bihar, where earlier women not only used to go out under the veil but they also used to have less participation in the decisions of the family and society, but now this has become a thing of the past. Now women have become aware of their rights. Many laws have been made at the government level to protect their safety and their rights, which have proved to be a boon for the interests of women. After the liquor ban in Bihar, the safety of women has improved further. It is known that there is a liquor ban in Bihar since the year 2016. The effect of which has proved to be significant in the progress of women. In India, the population of women in the year 2024 is 48.4 percent. At the same time, the population of men is 51.6 percent. In India, there are 1,020 women for every 1,000 men. This is the first time that the population of women in India has exceeded that of men. Many schemes of the central government are only for women. At the same time, the Nitish government of Bihar is also running many schemes for women empowerment. The Modi government has taken many steps towards women empowerment. The benefits of which have been received by the women of the country on a large scale. Gender justice is an important commitment of the government enshrined in the Constitution of India. Several steps have been taken by the government in the last few years to promote a gender-just society and increase the representation of women in various sectors. In the last few years, India has been witnessing a rapid shift from women-led development to women-led development in the vision of a new India. Towards this end, the government has adopted a multi-pronged approach to address women's issues on a life-cycle continuum, encompassing educational, social, economic and political empowerment, so that they can become equal partners in rapid and sustainable national development. India is currently one of the 15 countries in the world to have a woman head of state. Several schemes for women empowerment in Bihar are being run by the Government of Bihar and the Government of India. Many of these schemes are related to sectors such as employment, agriculture and health. These schemes have been formulated keeping in view the situation of women in Bihar so that their participation in society can be increased. Without women empowerment, women cannot get the place in Bihar, country and society, which they have always been entitled to. Without women empowerment, she cannot fight centuries old traditions and evils. She cannot free herself from bondages and take her own decisions.

Does import trade liberalization worsen residents’ health? Evidence from China

Health is important to human capital and national sustainable development. Based on the latest Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this paper uses the IVprobit model to test the impact of import trade liberalization on residents’ health from the micro-individual perspective and further explores its mechanism. The results indicate that import trade liberalization brings hidden health costs, and that the negative effects on the health of people in eastern China or rural areas, people with a low education background, people under 60 years of age, and women are more significant. In areas with more serious environmental pollution, the health deterioration effect of expanding imports is more obvious. Increasing green coverage and optimizing the quality of public services can effectively alleviate this negative impact. Import trade liberalization does not affect residents’ health through income gap, therefore when carrying out import trade liberalization the government should pay greater attention to the health status of the specified groups, adopt various means to improve the ecological and living environments, reduce pollution emissions, optimize the supply of public services, and ultimately improve residents’ overall health level.

The Challenge of New Forms of Work, Innovative Technologies, and Aging on Decent Work: Opportunities for Occupational Safety and Health.

Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) can be relevant in achieving the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goal of decent work by 2030. However, further OSH actions are needed. This paper identifies the role of OSH in addressing two of many determinants of decent work: new forms of work/innovative technologies and worker aging. The authors conducted a discursive analysis of the two determinants and provided examples for consideration. New forms of work/innovative technologies can not only promote but also undermine the future of decent work, and unhealthy aging impedes longer working lives. With a focus on the OSH aspects of new forms of work/innovative technologies and aging, decent work is more likely to be achieved.

Academic Leadership of Educational Institution Administrators under the Jurisdiction of Udon Thani Primary Educational Service Office Area 2

Background and Aims: Education plays a critical role in developing individuals, society, and the nation, serving as a driving force for sustainable national development and fostering harmonious living within communities. Administrators of educational institutions hold a key position in ensuring that education adapts to evolving economic, social, and technological landscapes. To meet these challenges, leaders must be skilled in managing change and enhancing academic quality. This research aims to: 1) examine the academic leadership level of school administrators under Udon Thani Primary Educational Service Office Area 2, 2) compare their leadership based on position, experience, and school size, and 3) explore strategies for developing their academic leadership. Methodology: The research sample consisted of 310 school administrators and teachers, selected based on Krejci and Morgan's table and randomly divided into groups. A 5-level rating scale questionnaire was used as the research instrument, with a consistency index ranging from 0.80 to 1.00 and an overall reliability score of 0.86. Statistical methods applied in the data analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and F-test to evaluate and compare the findings. Results: The research findings are as follows: (1) The academic leadership of educational institution administrators under Udon Thani Primary Educational Service Office Area 2, both overall and in each specific area, is at a high level. (2) A comparison of opinions on academic leadership, classified by position, work experience, and school size, revealed no significant differences across these factors. (3) Guidelines for promoting academic leadership among school administrators include eight key areas: 1) raising awareness in meetings and setting high expectations for student academic achievement, 2) showing enthusiasm for implementing school improvement strategies, 3) providing incentives and rewards for academic efforts, 4) tracking academic progress, 5) creatively utilizing resources and personnel, 6) ensuring the school environment is pleasant, orderly, and safe, 7) monitoring teachers' instructional practices, and 8) observing teaching and giving constructive feedback. Conclusion: Overall, the study reveals that school administrators in Udon Thani Primary Educational Service Office Area 2 exhibit strong perceptions of academic leadership, which are consistent regardless of their position, experience, or the size of their institutions. To further enhance leadership effectiveness, the suggested guidelines emphasize the importance of fostering a supportive environment, implementing practical strategies for school improvement, and closely monitoring both students' academic progress and teaching practices. These measures are designed to ensure that academic leadership continues to positively impact educational outcomes.

Research on Urban Expressway Design Based on New Transportation Concepts

This article is based on the Suzhou Central Expressway project, adhering to the principles of "safety, comfort, ecology, wisdom, and harmony", adhering to the comprehensive, coordinated, and sustainable development concept, guided by the new concept of transportation construction of the Ministry of Transport, integrating the design concept of traffic safety first, resource conservation, environmental friendliness, technological innovation, and intelligent collaboration, and organically combining nature, culture, and roads. The design strives to achieve road aesthetic design, tolerant design, humanistic design, flexible design, and creative design, which is of great significance for the research of ecological smart road design, transportation industry, and sustainable development of nature and culture.

СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНІ ЦИКЛИ: ТЕОРЕТИЧНА ІНТЕРПРЕТАЦІЯ ТА СТАТИСТИЧНЕ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ

Sustainable national economic development requires a balance of aggregate demand and aggregate supply. The country's government is working out economic and legal mechanisms to achieve macroeconomic balance against factors that can disrupt it. The preconditions of macroeconomic instability include exogenous (natural and military-political) and endogenous (macroeconomic cyclical development). Due to the combination of these factors, achieving national macroeconomic balance is an urgent scientific and practical task for economists, scientists who study macroeconomics, as well as politicians and government officials. The key questions that need to be answered are the length of the cycle, the pace of the recession, and most importantly, the development of effective mechanisms for restoring macroeconomic balance and its long-term maintenance. The study of sustainable national economic development assumes cyclicality. It can be considered an independent process from the point of view of the manifestation of self-regulation of the market economy, when the equilibrium will be restored after a certain period of time by the action of market mechanisms, and also as a process of decline in business activity, which can be scientifically and practically studied as a phenomenon and, accordingly, an effective macroeconomic strategy of government policy can be identified. With the aim of accelerated and controlled passage of the economic cycle and development of effective government instruments, scientists study the essence and causes of macroeconomic instability, manifestations of unemployment and inflation. Cyclicality should be considered as a movement of the national economy, a form of its development and improvement. The socio-economic cycle involves fluctuations in the macroeconomic situation (level of employment, production and prices) from recession to upswing against the background of the general trend of the dynamics of the gross domestic product. The success of the government's macroeconomic policy is determined by the cause of the crisis, the degree of state regulation of the economy, opportunities to use the results of scientific and technical development, and the ratio of the shares of the real and non-productive sectors of the economy. This approach involves theoretical interpretation and statistical evaluation of socio-economic cycles. The article considers the main aspects of the theoretical interpretation of socio-economic cycles. A review of the scientific works of leading macroeconomists regarding the study of the essence and manifestations of cyclicality in the economy, social life of society was carried out, and attention was also paid to the issues of the interrelationship of the development of the economies of different countries in the conditions of globalization. The main factors of cyclical fluctuations and their periodicity are highlighted, the main theoretical provisions of economic cyclicality are given. The article provides a methodology for statistical evaluation of socio-economic cycles and the selection of its individual phases (recession, boom) based on the application of the method of statistical equations of dependencies and the method of complex statistical coefficients. Using the method of statistical equations of dependence, the existence of a relationship between the result indicator (GDP, billion US dollars, y) and two factors: "External debt, billion US dollars, x", "Number of registered unemployed, thousands of people, z" was established . It was determined that the factor "External debt, billion US dollars, x" plays the main role in the formation of the output indicator (GDP). It is substantiated that when the value of "GDP, billion US dollars" increases by 1 billion dollars. In the USA, the factor "External debt, billion US dollars" is expected to increase by 0.63 billion US dollars, and with an increase in the value of "GDP, billion US dollars" by 1 billion dollars. In the USA, the value of the factor "Number of registered unemployed, thousands of persons" is expected to decrease. for 5.43 thousand persons. Cyclicality was studied on the basis of the two mentioned methods and two phases of the economic development cycle of Ukraine were identified: 2008-2009 and 2013-2015. A generalization was obtained regarding the existence of a phase of the seven-year economic cycle.

Challenges of employing unformalized skills: Recognizing and leveraging informal expertise for national development in Tanzania

This paper explores the challenges and implications of informal skills acquisition in Tanzania and its impact on national development. Through two case studies—one focusing on a driving class and the other on an electrical technician—it highlights the tension between formal certification and practical experience. The findings reveal that informal skilled laborers, while highly proficient, face significant barriers to employment, market competition, and project tendering due to the absence of formal recognition and certification. Despite their lack of formal qualifications, these workers contribute meaningfully to their families, communities, and the national economy. The study underscores the critical gap in valuing informal expertise relative to formal qualifications, and it advocates for the re-evaluation of the certification system to better recognize and leverage informal skills. The paper argues that integrating informal skills into the formal economy is crucial for inclusive national development. It calls for a Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) system to validate experiential learning and create alternative, affordable certification pathways. This approach would not only level the playing field for informal workers but also enhance their ability to compete in national projects alongside formally educated professionals. By acknowledging and supporting informal expertise, Tanzania can build a more robust, versatile workforce that is better equipped to meet the demands of various industries, ultimately driving sustainable national development.

Corporate social responsibility: A Driver for green organizational climate and workplace pro-environmental behavior

In line with the United Nation's sustainable development goals (SDGs), the unsustainable use of scarce natural resources and worldwide environmental degradation call for the immediate implementation of green behaviors across all organizations. As environmental issues originate from human activities, they necessitate the realization and execution of employees' workplace pro-environmental behaviors (WPEB) and their stimulators. Drawing on social exchange and social identity theories, this study first investigates the mediating role of green organizational climate in the relationship between various forms of perceived corporate social responsibility (CSR) and employees' WPEB. It further examines the mediated moderation via green shared vision. An adapted survey questionnaire was distributed to senior-level and middle-level managers of large and medium-sized manufacturing firms in Pakistan, and 349 responses were gathered. The partial least-squares technique was used for data analysis. The findings indicate that all forms of perceived CSR positively correlate with a green organizational climate, which further significantly leads to employees' WPEB. The results also show that a strong shared green vision among employees can improve the relationship between the green organizational climate and employees' WPEB and vice versa. Moreover, multi-group analysis shows that the relationship between customer-centric perceived CSR and green organizational climate was stronger for medium-sized firms than large ones. Thus, to ensure the implementation of SDGs such as decent work and climate action, firms' top management must recognize the importance of investing in both internal and external CSR initiatives to foster a green organizational climate leading to employees' WPEB. Companies should communicate their participation in CSR activities to all stakeholders through public platforms to increase inspiration. Policymakers should further introduce CSR excellence awards and non-compliance penalties to encourage firms' extensive participation.

Older workers and post-retirement employment: A proposed decent work agenda

The United Nation's Sustainable Development Goal 8 (SDG8) emphasizes decent work and the need to generate employment for vulnerable groups such as women, youth, and low-income rural and urban residents. Though extended retirement age policies to sustain workforce productivity are promulgated across OECD states, within SDG8 there is no evident focus on older citizens’ need for decent work. We believe this goal lacks detail in addressing the specific needs of older and post-retirement workers and their equal vulnerability to inadequate decent work conditions, economic strain, and diminished well-being. We expand on this issue with particular focus on this older cohort's predictors and attainment of decent work and proffer the psychology of working theory as a foundation to redress the inadequacy of SDG8 and formulate recommendations for policy and research to recognize the needs of older and post-retirement workers. This approach is aligned with the Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development framework in a lifelong perspective.

Monitoring Changes in Walkability Over Time: An Environmental Exposure Change Detection Framework with Implications for Equity and Social Justice

Evidence suggests that walkability and greenspace impact travel related activity patterns and vehicle emissions which affect sustainability, public health, and equity. Resulting levels of physical activity, active, or sedentary travel time impact obesity, diabetes, and heart disease which impact COVID-19 mortality. It is now possible to track changes in locally controlled land use characteristics known to impact sustainability and health. This information can provide decisionmakers with feedback required to spatially prioritize and better link state and nationally funded transportation investments with locally sanctioned land use actions. Linking the achievement of established benchmarks of health equity-based indicators with funding establishes a more performance-based approach connecting land use with transportation investment. This study longitudinally tracks neighborhood-level walkability features at the census tract level for 2013 and 2020 for the entire USA. Longitudinal volatility-based change detection models are developed to examine how changes in walkability over time correlate with racialization and social justice. Walkability tends to increase over time with significant variations across metro regions and the urban-rural continuum. Largest and smallest increases in walkability were observed in Western Pacific and Northwest states, respectively. Increased racial and social justice disparities were observed in access to more walkable infrastructure by marginalized populations (such as less-educated, older, unemployed, and black individuals). Significant heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of walkability was observed, over the variation captured by observed sociodemographic, regional, and urban/rural factors. The findings highlight the potential for an “environmental surveillance” system to support a “performance-based” approach to transportation funding that prioritizes resource allocation consistent with Justice40 and United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals.

Building sustainable capacity to adopt, adapt or develop child health guidelines, Malawi, Nigeria and South Africa.

Many national child health guidelines in Malawi, Nigeria and South Africa are outdated and score poorly on rigorous methods and stakeholder participation. In line with the World Health Organization's (WHO) emphasis on local guideline contextualization, the Global Evidence-Local Adaptation (GELA) project supported multistakeholder processes to adapt evidence-informed recommendations for child health in Malawi, Nigeria and South Africa. The GELA project team convened national steering groups, which conducted structured, iterative priority-setting exercises to identify priority topics. We identified appropriate source guidelines by systematically searching and screening available guidelines. We then matched recommendations in potential source guidelines to the relevant questions, and assessed the guidelines for timeliness and quality. Drawing on WHO's guideline process, we applied the GRADE-ADOLOPMENT process to develop contextualized recommendations from existing guidelines. If no source guideline or reviews were identified, we conducted new evidence syntheses. Malawi, Nigeria and South Africa are countries with varying health priorities and systems, all transitioning to universal health coverage. Guideline structures differ between countries, with processes largely led from national health ministries. National guideline groups, supported by GELA researchers and government-academic partners, developed five contextually-tailored child health recommendations. For most of these recommendations, additional evidence was required to inform contextually appropriate national decision-making. Formal capacity-building and on-the-job learning enhanced the competencies of national contributors and researchers in evidence-informed decision-making. Developing context-relevant recommendations requires considerable resources and time. Further investment in strengthening local capacity is needed for sustainable national guideline development.

YOUTH AND SOCIAL DYNAMICS: A STUDY OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES

This article examines the socio-demographic trends that influence youth dynamics across various countries, focusing on critical areas such as education, employment, migration, technology use, and mental health. Through a comparative analysis of developed and developing nations, the study identifies disparities and common challenges faced by young people worldwide. The findings reveal that developed countries emphasize mental health and smooth education-to-employment transitions, while developing nations prioritize access to education, job creation, and digital inclusion. Youth migration presents both opportunities and challenges, necessitating policies that address brain drain and migrant integration. Additionally, the rise of digital technology offers new avenues for youth participation but introduces risks related to mental well-being and digital inequality. The article concludes with policy recommendations aimed at promoting youth empowerment and fostering sustainable national development.

Exploring the theoretical potential of tungsten oxide (WOx) as a universal electron transport layer (ETL) for various perovskite solar cells through interfacial energy band alignment modulation

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) play a pivotal role in advancing renewable energy to achieve United Nation's Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7), which aims to ensure universal access to affordable, sustainable, reliable and modern energy services. Aiming to enhance the performance of PSCs by replacing the typically used electron transport layers (ETLs: TiO2, SnO2, ZnO etc.), we theoretically investigated the viability of tungsten oxide (WOX) as a promising ETL for PSCs. Moreover, the effect of altering the energy levels of WOX on cell performance has also been analyzed through simulation. Initially, 12 (twelve) PSC structures having the combination of different perovskite (PSK: CsPbBr3, CsPbI3, FAPbBr3, FAPbI3) absorber layers with different organic hole transport layers (HTLs: Spiro-OMeTAD, P3HT, PEDOT:PSS) and a fixed ETL of WOX were optimized numerically for comparing their performance. As CsPbBr3-based PSCs showed the best performance, further simulations were performed by varying some WOX/CsPbBr3 interface properties such as interface defect density, conduction band offset (CBO) between WOX and CsPbBr3, energy bandgap (Eg) of WOX etc. Finally, the best-performed PSCs were found for the Eg = 3.5 eV of WOX and the CBO of - 0.5 eV confirming the conduction band minimum (CBM) of WOX is lower than that of CsPbBr3 by 0.5 eV. A properly chosen WOX layer enhanced the efficiency of CsPbBr3-based PSCs up to 14.65 %, 14.52 % and 16.09 %, aproaching the Shockley-Queisser (S-Q) limit (16.37% for CsPbBr3-based solar cell) from the initial values of 11.39 %, 11.27 %, and 12.49 %, respectively. This study ensures WOX is a promising ETL for which a proper PSC structure having a suitable PSK and an HTL can improve cell performance. Moreover, the importance of modifying energy levels of ETL material in enhancing the performance of PSCs is explored. As a result, this study opens a path for the researchers to develop WOX having suitable CBM and Eg, so that it can be well-suited with a properly matched PSK material resulting in enhanced cell performance.

A Kinetic Study of Silver Extraction from End-of-Life Photovoltaic Panels through Gold-REC1 Process

Recycling materials from end-of-life devices and products is becoming increasingly a fundamental activity for the sustainable development of nations. With the return from the market of immense quantities of photovoltaic panels at the end of their life, it is essential to foresee processes for recovering and valorizing all the raw materials present in them to avoid wasting important flows of raw materials. This research introduces a novel process aimed at the recovery of silver and silicon from end-of-life photovoltaic panels. The leaching efficiency and kinetics of ground cake powder in sulfuric acid, ferric sulfate, and thiourea were investigated in the leaching system. In particular, the influences of significant parameters, including particle size, leaching temperature, and stirring rate, on the extraction kinetics were analyzed using the shrinking core model. The results showed silver dissolving mechanisms, in which more than 90% of silver recovery at 60 min of reaction time and 99% at 120 min was achieved (120 rpm, 53–125 µm, and 40 °C). The significant effect of the leaching temperature suggests that the process is under the control of the chemical reaction. Moreover, these results were confirmed by the regression analysis of the experimental data with the shrinking core model. It can be concluded that this newly proposed process, called Gold-REC1, allows the recovery of Ag and Si (solid residue from the process) with extremely high yields and rapid kinetics. The obtained results can provide fundamental data for developing end-of-life photovoltaic recycling on an industrial scale.

Green campuses as pivots of sustainable development in Egypt

Abstract Sustainable development is a global aim to which Egypt is highly committed. This is evident in various projects and initiatives that aim to direct all activities towards more sustainable patterns and tools. Egyptian higher education institutions are an important partner and tool in enhancing sustainable development. University campuses, as the main anchors for higher education, take part in achieving this goal through developing green campuses that support the overall national sustainable development. This paper examines the presence of Egyptian universities in the global ranking of Green Campuses. It then focuses on two main case studies within the Egyptian context which are the AUC and ASU to compare their progress and identify their future priorities in Green Campus development.

Barriers Towards Renewable Energy Development In Housing Areas In Serdang, Malaysia

Nowadays, new and renewable sources of energy are among the most crucial factors in achieving sustainable development of nations. The aim of this research is to investigate the current barriers to renewable energy development in Serdang, which are: financial, technical, and policy barriers. This study survey is located in Serdang area. Total sample of 346 respondents participated in this study. The finding of this study revealed a significant positive relationship with the financial barriers (r=0.501, p<0.05), technical and technological barriers (r=0.349, p<0.05), policy barriers (r=0.338, p<0.05), andrenewable energy development. Also a significant impact from the financial barriers, technical barriers, policy barriers, and renewable energy development. As high cost ofrenewable energy technologies forms one of the financial barriers, it is recommended that the import taxes be reduced and local manufacturing of these technologies be encouraged.

Techno-economic analysis and optimization of 50 MWe linear fresnel reflector solar thermal power plant for different climatic conditions

The climate change crisis is primarily associated with carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel-based electricity generation, which significantly contribute to the greenhouse gas effect. The implementation of renewable energy technologies can mitigate environmental impacts and promote a sustainable future. This study aimed to conduct a techno-economic feasibility analysis and optimize performance parameters for a 50 MWe capacity Linear Fresnel Reflector (LFR) concentrated solar power plant for nine stations under various climatic conditions. The analysis was conducted based on Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) and Capacity Factor (CF) to select a suitable Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) for each station, by varying Solar Multiple (SM) from 1.0 to 6.0 and adjusting Thermal Energy Storage (TES) hours from four to sixteen. The HTFs selected for economically feasible projects at different stations were Hitec Solar Salt, Hitec, and Therminol VP-1. The combination of SM and TES hours was optimized for economic feasibility, targeting a minimum CF of 36 % and a maximum LCOE of 13.0 ¢/kWh. The optimum SM and TES hours were found to range from 2.0 to 5.8 and from six to thirteen, respectively. An LCOE of less than 7.5 ¢/kWh and a CF of more than 80 % was achieved for two stations with SM of 6.0 and TES of 16 h using Therminol VP-1. Stations with annual mean direct normal irradiance values higher than 1500 kWh/m2 and clearness index values over 0.58 are suitable for commercial power plants. This study contributes to achieving the United Nation's sustainable development goals by promoting the use of renewable energy technologies.

Machine Learning-Based Cardiovascular Disease Prediction System to reduce the incidence of occurrence

Health is a paramount factor when considering any nation's sustainable growth and development. The concentration of the larger population of Nigerians is in the rural areas where public health infrastructures are either inadequate or not available. This has affected the larger labor force, leaving society vulnerable to high health. In recent times, one of the major health challenges facing rural and urban dwellers is heart disease occasioned by the non-existence of proper medical diagnosis. This study develops a machine learning model to predict the onset of heart disease to minimize onset cases of occurrence. The health prediction system is integrated with a prediction module to help in providing public healthcare services to rural dwellers. The developed system was comparatively achieved using hybrid machine learning techniques, which include a support vector machine and random forest in the design of the predictive module. The system integrates rural dwellers' health records with the global health database to form part of the Big Data for global access and considerations. The performance evaluation was achieved with the help of Random Forest. The system developed shows an average accuracy of 98% using machine learning algorithms. It also provides a convenient means for rural dwellers to access public health and enables them to receive health predictions to guide against fatal heart disease.

Strengthening Democracy and Law Post The 2024 Elections in Indonesia

A strong democracy will create broader public participation in the development process through transparent and accountable democratic mechanisms. Thus, democracy is a political system that ensures inclusive and sustainable economic growth and creates solid social stability. As individuals and communities, we are responsible for strengthening democracy to realize equitable and sustainable national development through active involvement in democratization and support for policies that favor social justice and shared prosperity. After the 2024 elections, polarization in society due to the power struggle is still felt, so the role of political parties and the government is crucial in maintaining political stability and the country's future development. This research will analyze the factors that can be used to strengthen democracy. The results show that the rule of law determines the process of strengthening democracy, the role of political parties, community involvement, and the professionalism of election organizers to achieve common goals and national progress.

Sustainable Agriculture: Impact on Public Health and Sustainable Development

Sustainable agriculture involves the use of organic farming technologies, which excludes the use of growth stimulants, hormones and chemical additives in animal feeding as well as fertilisers with pesticides and other hazardous chemicals. Sustainable land management practices are aimed at preserving soils, water resources and biodiversity. They mitigate the effects of climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and preserving natural environments. Organic agriculture produces environmentally friendly food that contains fewer harmful chemicals, potentially reducing the incidence of diet-related disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer. This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis (via VOSviewer 1.6.16, Bibliometrix / Biblioshiny App) to explore the sustainable agriculture impact on public health and sustainable development of nations. Applying the Scopus database, 427 relevant papers were reviewed to identify trends, influential works, and key research themes. The analysis reveals that sustainable agricultural practices, which aim to reduce environmental impact, conserve resources and enhance productivity, have gained increasing attention since the mid-1990s. Noteworthy, contributions include fundamental works, influential studies and various UN and WHO publications. The research highlights keywords such as agriculture, public health, nutrition, and food security. Leading countries in this research domain include the USA, China, Canada, India, and the UK, demonstrating extensive international collaboration. The findings underscore the critical role of sustainable agriculture in addressing global challenges, promoting environmental stewardship, and supporting socio-economic progress, which aligns with the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The study provides valuable insights into the development of sustainable practices and policies essential for future research and implementation.