Sustainable Inclusive Growth Research Articles

Inclusive Growth, A Gateway of Sustainable Development of Higher Education Through Open and Distance Learning in India

Education play important role for crucial development of society as well as young generation, because it build and developed a person's beliefs, ideologies, values and take a substantial role to inclusive growth of any country. Inclusive education refer to empowering of every children with skills and knowledge’s, given equal opportunity of every children to access education equally. At the present context open and distance learning open horizontal windows of education for increasing learner participations and educational opportunities for many compatible learners who are deprived of to access classroom education due to financial, sociocultural and geographical barriers. Open and distance learning education system focuses on open access to education and learners free from the constrains of time and place and also get the opportunities of flexible learning. Nowadays educational policy of India has been emphasize to integrations of many ICT tools (audio-visual media- radio, television broadcast, video compact disc, video text, computer etc) and e-learning platform(SWAYAM,DIKSHA). For improvement of inclusive growth through open and distance learning for the quality of education and its aims to providing support and facilitated quality, access and equity for learning process in distance learning through interactive activities, by the inclusive growth through open and distance learning advocating peer to peer collaboration and also impact a great sense of autonomy and responsible learning. By the using of ICT integrated tools in education curriculum evaluation can be diversified and building intellectual capability of learners as well as inclusive growth of higher education system. Higher education is the backbone of any knowledge society. Availability, accessibility, acceptability of learning recourses of higher education level can be lead sustainable inclusive growth of education system and also give the opportunity of education for all students at same platform. National Educational Technology Forum(NETF) is a important scheme of Nation Education Policy(NEP)-2020 which will be created to provide a platform for the free exchange of ideas on the use of technology to enhance learning ,assessment ,planning ,administration and so on both school and higher education. Open and distance learning one of the most rapidly growing field of education nowadays, because of its major contribution in enhancing the Gross Enrollment Ratio(GER) in higher education and also have a sustainable impact on all education systems specially higher education.

Targeting the new sustainable inclusive green growth: A review

Although the literature on inclusive growth is richer than ever before, still scant studies have researched its complex relationship with environmental quality. Considering the growing issue of poverty, unemployment, and rapid environmental degradation, we introduce here a new agenda for a sustainable global economy namely sustainable inclusive green growth. The paper is devoted to building up a comprehensive conceptual model of the relationship between environmental quality and inclusive growth based on the analysis of their main predictors, mediating and moderating variables using socio-economic theoretical underpinnings. In post-Covid-19 times, the world is considered about sustainable inclusive green growth more than anything else. An in-depth review of the literature suggests that inclusive growth could only be sustainable if it takes care of environmental quality while promising higher economic growth, tackling poverty, curbing inequalities through social and digital inclusion, and creating productive employment opportunities for current and future generations. The conceptual framework suggested here may be seen as a roadmap for policy makers of different geographical locations to target sustainable inclusive green growth. Moreover, the concepts of human and physical capital, institutions, trade dimensions, investment, and the role of major macroeconomic indicators such as inflation are also considered while designing the conceptual framework.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE SYSTEM FOR ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVE PLANNING OF BUDGET EXPENDITURES OF THE UDMURT REPUBLIC

One of the most urgent tasks today is to increase the efficiency of the use of available resources at each level of the budget system of the Russian Federation as a whole and each region in particular. At the same time, the main issue is the improvement of budget planning, as one of the main elements of the management system of state and municipal finances. In order to ensure long-term balance and stability of the budgets of the budgetary system, a number of measures have been implemented in recent years aimed at ensuring greater stability and predictability of economic and financial conditions, as well as reducing their dependence on external factors. Such measures in the long term are an important factor for maintaining macroeconomic stability, which in turn creates the basic conditions for ensuring sustainable inclusive economic growth, the implementation of strategic objectives and the growth of the welfare of the population. In this article, an attempt is made to assess the effectiveness of budget expenditure planning in the Udmurt Republic, several existing methods for assessing the effectiveness of budget expenditure planning at the regional level are considered. One method, the most suitable according to the author, was chosen, which was analyzed and its shortcomings were revealed. Based on the analysis, the authors proposed their own methodology for assessing the effectiveness of budget expenditures, taking into account all the existing shortcomings of the basic methodology, and made appropriate calculations on the example of the regional budget of the Udmurt Republic. In conclusion, the essential advantages of the new author's methodology are listed, which allows taking into account the real state of the economy today.

Primary Education among Tribals of Jharkhand Need to be Strengthen

Abstract: Tribal has substantial share to total population of Jharkhand. Tribals literacy rate is far below than other sections of society in Jharkhand. Sympathy or empathy, they need to be educated. The Govt. should give special package and special attention for their inclusive growth. Sustainable inclusive growth can be achieved only through education & specially the primary education among the tribal students to set their steps to-gather with the society, strengthen of primary education is sie que non for upliftment of tribals who are deprived from centuries

Factors Influencing Stock Market Participation: A Review

Purpose: The most pertinent source for generating wealth is to invest in stock market, however numerous studies have proved that there is low stock market participation. Hence, the extensive review of existing literatures on stock market involvement has been conducted to identify the various factors influencing stock market participation and also to identify the gap in this body of research. Approach: The current study is conducted with thorough analysis of the body of literature from numerous search engines, including Google Scholar, Scopus, Research Gate, etc. these gathered data on financial literacy, stock market participation, social inclusion and digital inclusion includes journal articles, working paper, reports, magazines, books and websites etc. In order to search the pertinent information for the study many keywords were used. Literatures were then divided into conceptual review, hypothetical relationship review, and theoretical review. Results/ Findings: Numerous studies have exposed that financial literacy and social inclusion significantly contribute to stock market participation, and also digitization promotes individuals involvement in the financial market. The extensive review directed a researcher towards low touched area under stock market participation i.e. to determine how literacy level on financial aspects and social inclusion will improve one’s involvement in the stock market, when it is mediated through digital inclusion. Originality/Value: This study will provide policy guidelines to Government, financial policy makers, practitioners and academician in the area of finance to encourage stock market participation by highlighting the sustainable inclusive growth through socialization and digitalization in order to generate wealth which again contributes to economic development of a country. Type of Paper: Literature Review

The Impact of the Environment, Digital–Social Inclusion, and Institutions on Inclusive Growth: A Conceptual and Empirical Analysis

Though the literature on inclusive growth is rich, further well-founded studies are required on the issue of sustainable inclusive growth. This paper seeks to summarize the role of environmental degradation in inclusive growth based on carbon dioxide emissions, and its interaction with factors such as social inclusion, digital inclusion, and institutions. One of the findings derived from the generalized method of moments (GMM) model is that sustainable inclusive growth can be achieved in all three income groups from the global data while focusing on institutional quality, digital inclusion, and social inclusion. Simultaneously, the harmful effects of carbon dioxide emissions can be circumscribed. The major recommendations of this study are that efforts to achieve sustainable inclusive growth should combine mutually reinforcing policies, namely: (i) promoting environmentally focused sustainable inclusive growth with socio-digital inclusivity; (ii) ensuring a strong institutional playing field for achieving inclusive growth; and (iii) strengthening macroeconomic policies, which means controlling inflation, and enhancing trade openness and literacy levels.

Investment in ICT infrastructure and inclusive growth in Africa

The Information, Communication, and Technology (ICT) sector has now more than ever become a critical driver of sustained inclusive growth in Africa, especially given the post-Covid-19 recovery efforts. The digital economy can serve as a veritable tool to help drive poverty reduction, inequality, and unemployment in Africa. However, limited investment in the ICT sector has not generated the expected inclusive growth effect. Therefore, this paper investigates the impact of ICT infrastructure on inclusive growth in Africa. Predicated on inclusive growth analytics, the Blundell-Bond system generalized method of moments estimator was used to analyse data covering 46 African countries between 2000 and 2019. The main finding from the empirical analysis is that ICT infrastructure exerts a positive and significant impact on inclusive growth in Africa generally and specifically across sub-regions within the continent. On average, an increase in ICT infrastructure investment stimulates inclusive growth by an average of 0.4% to 0.7%. The results were robust to using higher moments of residuals and subsample considerations. Our empirical outcome makes a strong case for increased ICT infrastructure investment especially in rural areas to generate growth that is inclusive in the region as well as to take full advantage of emerging opportunities such as the Africa Continental Free Trade Area Agreement.

Historical Perspective of Poverty in Pakistan: Identifying Key Determinants / Strategies

Poverty is the most important problem for every society and political leadership. The political leaders failed to seek solution to the poverty in society. Poverty also encompasses poor health and individual cannot cover basic needs such as food, housing, and clothes. The present study is focused on historical perspective of poverty in Pakistan. The reasons for rising poverty in Pakistan are discussed and important factors are enumerated that could dent poverty. On the basis of the systematic literature review of past studies, the key policy variables are highlighted to reduce poverty. The concept of poverty reduction is multi-dimensional phenomenon which requires macroeconomic management as well as poverty targeted programs. Among the macro-economic management, the sustainable inclusive growth with special focus in reducing income inequality is highly important for addressing poverty in Pakistan. The micro financing for small enterprises and skill enhancement of the marginalized people have the ability to reduce poverty in Pakistan. The policy mix based on efficient management of macroeconomic indicators coupled with targeted poverty reduction strategies are helpful in addressing poverty in Pakistan.

Making "Make in India" Sustainable

First, and foremost, I deem it an honour and privilege to be addressing this very august and discerning academia-industry audience on " Make In India", which from all accounts, is by far the most contemporary national agenda, with the promise and potential of delivering sustainable inclusive economic growth. However, after going through the Conference agenda, I have decided not to speak about how to 'make' "Make in India" happen, but, instead, to speak about how to 'ensure' that "Make in India " ever remains a commercially, socio-economically and financially viable and sustainable proposition as it actually happens!

Repackaging growth at Davos: the World Economic Forum’s inclusive growth and development approach

This article takes stock of the inclusive growth and development (IGD) project of the World Economic Forum (WEF). Deploying Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) methods, it examines the WEF’s Inclusive Growth and Development Report and shows how this project reproduces growth as the cure for many of capitalism’s ills and the only path toward an inclusive and sustainable development model. I argue that the IGD agenda represents a pre-emptive attempt aimed at re-legitimating neoliberal capitalism, and the WEF’s place within it, and consolidating the growth ideology against competing narratives, especially those calling for non-market solutions to the socio-ecological challenges of the current growth model. However, the analysis demonstrates that the IGD project faces three major limitations, curtailing its ability to produce sustainable inclusive growth and development. First, the policies prescribed in the IGD framework remain largely neoliberal, repackaged in the language of social inclusion. Second, evidence suggests that these policies often fail to produce more social inclusion. Third, the IGD project lacks serious consideration for the ecological limits to growth. Yet, as a global public-private hub, the WEF can leverage its IGD project to keep governments and societies committed to the idea that more growth is the answer to social exclusion.

Historical Perspective of External Debt in Pakistan: Identifying Key Determinants / Strategies

The non-developmental use of external debt creates macroeconomic instability which results in massive unemployment, poverty, inflation, and political instability in any country. The present study is focused on historical perspective of external debt in Pakistan. This study found that the leadership of Pakistan has heavily borrowed external debt without considering its sustainability and repayment capacity. On the basis of the systematic literature review of past studies, the key policy variables are highlighted to reduce the burden of external debt. The study indicated that external debt burden of Pakistan can be managed by lowering the consumption oriented imports, focusing targeted inflation, exchange rate and by promoting sustainable inclusive economic growth. The policy mix based on efficient management of macro-economic indicators are helpful in addressing external debt in Pakistan.

Historical Perspective of External Debt in Pakistan: Identifying Key Determinants / Strategies

The non-developmental use of external debt creates macroeconomic instability which results in massive unemployment, poverty, inflation, and political instability in any country. The present study is focused on historical perspective of external debt in Pakistan. This study found that the leadership of Pakistan has heavily borrowed external debt without considering its sustainability and repayment capacity. On the basis of the systematic literature review of past studies, the key policy variables are highlighted to reduce the burden of external debt. The study indicated that external debt burden of Pakistan can be managed by lowering the consumption oriented imports, focusing targeted inflation, exchange rate and by promoting sustainable inclusive economic growth. The policy mix based on efficient management of macro-economic indicators are helpful in addressing external debt in Pakistan.

FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT, ISLAMIC FINANCE, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION FROM PERSPECTIVE OF GOVERNANCE

Economic growth is the increase in the production of goods and services per head of population over a stated period of time (Oxford Dictionary). This study explores the short run and long run effect of financial development, governance, institutional quality, democracy, Islamic finance on economic growth in the time period of 2002-2020 for Pakistan. An ARDL method is applied for checking the cointegration among variables. The results indicate the existence of short run and long run cointegration among economic growth, financial development, governance, institutional quality, democracy, and Islamic finance. We recommend policy makers to provide comfortable environment and institutional support to boost sustainable inclusive economic growth after considering the above mentioned aspects especially in post covid-19 world.

Ensuring sustainable inclusive economic growth on the basis of effective and decent employment

Ensuring sustainable inclusive economic growth on the basis of effective and decent employment

India’s Human Capital: The Regulatory Context for Leveraging Federalism


 Investing in human capital through interventions in nutrition, health, and education is critical for achieving sustainable inclusive growth. However, despite many public interventions, India’s human capital indicators remain low, and have likely worsened from the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. There are also significant inter-State disparities. India’s human capital interventions have been marked by growing centralisation, not just by the Centre vis-à-vis the States, but also by the States vis-à-vis local governments, that form the third tier in India’s federal structure. This growing centralisation may have misaligned incentives with respect to accountability and effective delivery of public services. Drawing from international best practices and an analysis of the constitutional scheme, a more decentralised and targeted approach within the contours of India’s federal structure may be the best way to build civil society engagement, address failures in accountability, and ultimately, improve India’s human capital outcomes.

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНАЯ МОДЕЛЬ РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ЦИВИЛИЗАЦИОННЫХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЙ

The article presents the results of research on the justification of a new model of socio-economic development of rural territories in the conditions of modern civilizational transformations. The principles of endogenous development are the basis for the formation of a new model of rural development. This approach involves the socio-economic development of rural areas, based on internal resources – natural, human and cultural. The development of this theory is a neo-endogenous approach, in which the sustainable development of rural areas should be accompanied by the active use of external resources and support – globalization of social and economic ties, export of products, attracting external investment, and state support. The paradigm of socio-economic development is undergoing civilizational transformations affecting the basic laws of the development of society and the economy, defining new trajectories in order to promote the prosperity of mankind. In this regard, the main objective of rural development, in accordance with the new paradigm, is sustainable inclusive growth, ensuring an increase in the incomes of the rural population, along with an increase in its economic opportunities, level of protection and quality of life. The ideology of inclusive development is not aimed at optimizing the spatial structure of rural settlements, but at preserving and multiplying them, not at retaining the rural population, but at creating conditions for attracting those who want to live and work in the countryside. A conceptual model for rural development has been developed, the implementation of which will ensure inclusive economic growth based on an equal level of rural access to social benefits and services, financial and economic resources. Research findings can be used in defining public administration strategies in the new environment to shape balanced spatial development policies

CONCEPTUAL PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT OF SPORTS AND HEALTH SPHERE OF THE REGION

Purpose. The aim of the article is scientific substantiation of the new concept of development of the sports and health sphere of the region, which is based on the observance of the principles of inclusive growth and achievement of the SDGs. Methodology of research. In the course of the research, the methods generally accepted in economics were used: monographic, system and structural, which were used in the development of the concept of sustainable inclusive development of the sports and health sphere of the region in the conditions of decentralization. Findings. It is determined that sustainable development and inclusive growth today are the newest models of social and economic growth, recognized by the world community. Taking into account this, and taking into account the processes of decentralization of management in Ukraine, the concept of sustainable inclusive development of the sports and health sphere of the region adapted to the new conditions is proposed. The goals of sustainable development are revealed, the achievement of which is influenced by the state and development of the sports and health sphere. The essence of inclusive growth is determined and the principles of inclusive development of the sports and health sphere of the region are singled out. Following the defined goals of sustainable development, the tasks of development of the sports and health sphere of the region are highlighted and the ways of their achievement are suggested. The basic conceptual idea of sustainable inclusive development of the sports and health sphere of the region is formed; the purposes, tasks, and ways of its realization are defined. The implementation of the proposed concept is outlined, and the impact of the development of sports and health in the region on improving the health, well-being, and quality of life of the community is substantiated. Originality. The concept of sustainable inclusive development of the sports and health sphere of the region is substantiated on the basis of its adaptation to the conditions of decentralization and introduction of the principles of inclusive growth and achievement of sustainable development goals to increase employment, spread a healthy lifestyle, expand opportunities to meet equal needs of the sport and health services. Practical value. The obtained results of the study are the basis for solving practical problems of sustainable inclusive development of sports and recreation in the regions of Ukraine under decentralization. Key words: sports and health sphere, the concept of development of sports and health sphere, sustainable development, inclusive growth, decentralization, the economic role of sports and health sphere.

Investigation of the sustainable inclusive economic growth of states in the context of ensuring gender balances

The essence of the category «sustainable development», defined as the one that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs is investigated in this paper. An important characteristic of sustainable development is the harmonious combination of economic growth with maximum integration in the social sphere, which does not contradict, but on the contrary, enhances the quality and importance in the allocation of resources for environmental protection measures. It is evident that both public and business sector must be involved in the complex processes of change, but guidelines must first be set by national governments. The preconditions for the need to restructure the world economic space in the direction of increasing the importance of the inclusiveness principles are also analyzed. Poverty and stratification of incomes in the country constrain the growth and implementation of the state economic potential, because employment and consumption are not complete. Since one of the indicators of the changes effectiveness in approaches to economic development is the poverty dynamics, we analyzed the retrospective and projected values of the employed population of the world living less than 1.9 US dollars per day, which shows that without drastic changes, this share will deviate towards the negative direction compared with the level reached during the previous 5 years. It is described that inclusiveness involves the inclusion in the processes of economic growth of all territories, sectors of the economy and economic agents. It is shown that the concept of inclusiveness and the use of all opportunities to mitigate the negative effects of restrictive quarantine measures comes to the fore, including those in the context of ensuring gender balance. Comparison of gender pay gaps in Ukraine and some other countries, the level of economic activity of women, who demonstrate the influence of cultural, historical and other features on this sign of equality is carried out. It is concluded that an important role in overcoming poverty and leveling the negative scenarios that are unfolding today in the world economy is the involvement into economic activity not only the population in all territories, but also the reduction of economic manifestations of gender gaps.

REVISITING CHINA'S DEVELOPMENTAL STATE: LESSONS FOR AFRICA

Prominent development institutions and researchers have documented the ascendance of China in the global political economy and mainly explored how the global balance of power is affected by China's growing economic expansion. Political economists have argued that it is part of the generic economic power shift from the global north to south whilst security studies place emphasis on Chinese national geopolitical interests in several regions. This article discusses what lessons can be drawn from China's developmental state experience and how these can inform Sub-Saharan African developmental strategies. We argue that China's rise has been driven by both market and non-market institutions and show how peculiar contextual historical and socio-political factors have been integral to building the Chinese developmental state. This demonstrates the importance of building effective state institutions to support sustainable economic growth and human development. We highlight the principles shaping institutional mechanisms relating to the rapid economic growth and argue that African governments should apply these in their attempts to rebuild state capacity. However, we also point out that negative trends such as authoritarianism and persistent inequality should not be replicated. Rather, Sub-Saharan Africa should build democratic developmental states characterised by pro-poor sustainable inclusive growth.

РОЗВИТОК СОЦІАЛЬНОГО КАПІТАЛУ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАД В УКРАЇНІ

Актуальність завдань, пов’язаних з розвитком соціального капіталу як одного з нематеріальних активів територіальних громад, зумовлюється необхідністю зростання їх фінансової спроможності та організаційно-економічної самодостатності на етапі об’єднання й пошуку шляхів забезпечення ефективної самоорганізації. Виявлено особливості розвитку соціального капіталу територіальних громад в Україні, розглянуто основні джерела та практики його формування, окреслено нові можливості його зміцнення на засадах громадівської активності. Встановлено, що переваги основних джерел і практик розвитку соціального капіталу територіальних громад, які ґрунтуються на партнерських відносинах у сфері міжмуніципального співробітництва, публічно-приватного партнерства та запровадження інституту старост, поєднуються з вагомими обмеженнями, насамперед –– з відсутністю досвіду самоорганізації населення та формування регіональних і місцевих лідерів, створення атмосфери довіри і відповідальності між взаємодіючими суб’єктами. Істотну регіональну асиметрію в практиці їх застосування зумовлено відмінностями в пріоритетах реалізації завдань децентралізації управління, потенціалах розвитку самих громад, рівнях їх активності. У перспективі розвиток соціального капіталу територіальних громад України має ґрунтуватися на пріоритетах концепції сталого інклюзивного зростання, спрямованої на активізацію участі громад у процесах місцевої соціально-економічної розбудови на основі підвищення зайнятості та розвитку локальних ринків праці. Це сприятиме посиленню територіальної єдності та зміцненню соціального капіталу громад. Стратегічно значущою є модель відкритого соціального капіталу, орієнтована на досягнення балансу індивідуальних, громадівських і національних інтересів за пріоритетності розвитку партнерських відносин між владою, бізнесом і населенням. За досвідом інших країн важливо розвивати принципово нові форми партнерства з широким представництвом структур соціального сектору для виконання завдань, пов’язаних із стимулюванням місцевого розвитку. Такі перспективні моделі партнерства відкривають нові можливості соціальної капіталізації з огляду на нагальні потреби місцевого населення.