Requirements Of Sustainable Development Research Articles

The Interaction and Balance Between Innovation and Sustainable Development

Abstract: This study explored the relationship between innovation and sustainable development, highlighting innovation as a key driver for economic growth and social progress. In contrast, sustainable development ensures the long-term viability of this growth. This study finds through a systematic literature review that innovation activities must balance environmental, social, and economic aspects to achieve green, inclusive, and sustainable development. However, certain innovations may threaten sustainable development due to disregarding long-term impacts. The requirements of sustainable development for innovation may also sometimes limit the pace and space for innovation. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore the negative impacts of innovation and sustainable development and to find a balance between the theoretical and practical levels. The study emphasises the importance of understanding the dynamic relationship between innovation and sustainable development. Through interdisciplinary cooperation and practical exploration, balancing innovation and sustainable development is crucial for promoting global sustainability. Further attention should be paid to the interaction between innovation and sustainable development, and appropriate innovation and development should be selected to achieve a balance.

Thiacloprid-silica nano-delivery system enhances toxicity against Aphis gossypii and improves non-target biosafety

Nanotechnology aligns with the requirements of sustainable development of agriculture, and nano-pesticides offer a promising approach to controlling agricultural pests and increasing productivity. Non-target predators also play a crucial role in pest controls and enhancing the efficacy of pesticide on target organisms. Reducing the toxicity of pesticides to non-target organisms is key to of coordinating chemical control and biological control methods. Therefore, it is essential to assess the toxicity of nano-pesticides on non-target predators. In this study, a carbon dots-doped mesoporous silica nano-delivery system (Thi@CD-MSN) was successfully developed using CD-MSN as carrier material and thiacloprid (Thi) as a model pesticide. The results demonstrated that the synthesized Thi@CD-MSN exhibited a relatively high loading efficiency (33.58%). Laboratory bioassay experiments revealed that Thi@CD-MSN demonstrated effective insecticidal activity (LC50 = 21.67 mg/L) in controlling Aphis gossypii Glover. Besides, the acute toxicity of Thi@CD-MSN on Chrysoperla pallens larvae was significantly lower than that of Thi, as was its toxicity to 4T1 cells. These findings suggest that CD-MSN can serve as an ecological safety carrier for pesticide delivery, improving the effective utilization of Thi while reducing the risks to non-target predators. These results are essential for comprehending the effects of nano-pesticides on non-target predators, providing informative data for implementing biological and chemical control strategies. It strengthens the safety evaluation of nano-pesticides.

Bonding performance and construction parameters of low-rebound shotcrete

Abstract Shotcrete has the advantages of short setting time, high early strength, simple process and flexible operation methods. It is mainly used as temporary support in domestic highway tunnels. This study investigates the development of low-rebound shotcrete for tunnel construction by adding silica fume and fly ash into the mixture. Sandstone and limestone were employed to simulate the surrounding rock. The workability and mechanical properties of the shotcrete were evaluated based on slump tests, rebound rates, compressive strength measurements, and bonding strength tests between the surrounding rock and the shotcrete. Furthermore, the research investigated construction techniques, with an emphasis on spraying distance, shrinkage angle, and wind pressure, and optimized these parameters for practical engineering uses. The outcomes demonstrate that the addition of silica fume enhances the mechanical properties of the shotcrete and reduces rebound. It was discovered that optimal spraying distance was between 1.2 m and 1.5 m, with the optimal wind pressure at 0.5 m, and the ideal shrinkage angle at 6°.Research on low rebound shotcrete is of great significance for improving construction quality, construction efficiency and engineering structural performance, and also meets the requirements of sustainable development.

The contribution of clean energy consumption and production to sustainable economic development: New insights from the PSTR model

Massive consumption of fossil fuels has posed significant threat to sustainable development. Therefore, clean energy is an urgent requirement for sustainable economic development (SED). There is no comprehensive assessment of the relationship between clean energy and the SED, signifying a research gap in understanding the non-linear effects between them. This study fills this gap by calculating the SED index for China and using a panel smoothed transformation regression model. The findings reveal that the impact of clean energy development and utilisation on SED is characterised by non-linearity, which manifests in two key aspects: (1) Clean energy consumption (CEC) positively influences SED, with its impact strengthening alongside improvements in industrial structure optimisation and economic growth. Notably, the threshold values for the industrial optimisation level, industrial structure level, and economic development are 1.0390, 0.4667, and 43730, respectively. (2) The relationship between clean energy production (CEP) and SED follows a U-shaped curve; once economic development surpasses 38,588 units, CEP transitions from a negative to a positive influence on SED. This study provides valuable insights into comprehensive measurement of SED, offering guidance for countries worldwide to formulate context-specific energy policies aligned with their respective industrial structures and stages of economic development to foster SED growth.

Comprehensive durability assessment of in-service concrete bridges based on combination weighting and extenics cloud model

In recent years, with the continuous development of urban transportation, the durability of concrete bridge structures has become increasingly prominent. Many in-service concrete bridges exhibit issues such as cracks, excessive deflection, and a significant reduction in load-bearing capacity during their service life. To meet the requirements of sustainable development, it is urgent to assess the durability of bridges accurately. Therefore, this paper establishes a scientific and reliable evaluation index system for the durability of in-service concrete bridges. Based on a review of the literature and relevant standards and specifications, this paper establishes an evaluation index system for the durability of in-service concrete bridges and calculates the weights using a combination weighting method. The durability of the bridges is assessed using the extension cloud model theory, and MATLAB is utilized for efficient and accurate computation and analysis, ultimately determining the durability grades of the bridges. The method was applied to the durability assessment of five in-service concrete bridges, and the results were in high agreement with the measured data, proving its effectiveness and accuracy. The research results provide a scientific basis for the management and maintenance of concrete bridges, which can help extend their service life. Future studies will expand the sample to cover more bridge types to comprehensively assess and enhance the durability of bridges.

Kapok/regenerated cellulose based carbon aerogel prepared at a low-temperature carbonization for oil/water separation

With the requirement of sustainable development in modern society, selective filtration and separation of oils and organic solvents from polluted wastewater is a critical and very important goal. Herein, a novel hydrophobic and oleophilic cellulose-based carbon aerogel composed of kapok fiber/regenerated cellulose was prepared at a low-temperature carbonization technique (300 ℃) directly using kapok and hardwood pulp as raw material, the N-methyl N-oxide monohydrate (NMMO·H2O) as a green cellulose solvent, and NH4H2PO4 (ADP) as a carbonization promotor, which is denoted as AX-KRCA(AX: A indicates the ADP used, x is the concentration of ADP solution (g/L)) The regenerated cellulose (RC) was converted from hardwood pulp via NMMO·H2O treatment, and further combined with kapok fiber to form a 3D porous structure. By adding ADP, AX-KRCA can be rapidly dehydrated into carbon at 300 ℃, which not only saves energy consumption but also retains the basic form of kapok fiber and regenerated cellulose, making it have excellent compressibility, elasticity, and fatigue resistance. The ultra-light porous AX-KRCA samples can be an efficient oil/water adsorbent, with an adsorption capacity from 98.0 to 232.1 g g−1 for various oils, and can maintain 87.3 % adsorption capacity after 20 cycles and 99.6 % separation efficiency after 5 times of filtration.

The Intelligent Upgrading of Logistics between an Internet Enterprise and a Logistics Enterprise Based on Differential Game Theory

At the background of “Internet + Logistics”, intelligent logistics has high operational efficiency and provides a superior customer experience, meeting the requirements of sustainable development. It also plays a crucial role in promoting the modernization of the industrial chain in China. This paper develops a mathematic model based on differential game theory, which sets the intelligent level of logistics and the goodwill of intelligent logistics as state variables. The research reveals the collaborative strategies between a logistics enterprise and an Internet enterprise for the intelligent upgrading of logistics, and separately calculates the optimal effort levels and optimal revenues of participating enterprises under the non-cooperative mechanism, the cost-sharing mechanism, and the cooperative mechanism. This paper also observes the crucial parameters that affect the optimal revenue for the intelligent upgrading of logistics. The research findings are as follows: (1) Cost-sharing mechanism and cooperative mechanism can motivate the Internet enterprise and the logistics enterprise to improve their effort levels and increase the total revenue, which achieves the Pareto improvement. Under the cooperative mechanism, the intelligent level of logistics and the goodwill of intelligent logistics are the highest. (2) Participating enterprises can promote the intelligent upgrading of logistics by accumulating innovative resources for intelligent logistics, attaining cost-conversion efficiency, and cultivating customer preferences for intelligent logistics services. (3) When the revenue-sharing ratio of the logistics enterprise is relatively low, although the cost-sharing mechanism can continuously motivate a logistics enterprise to make an effort in the intelligent upgrading of logistics, it is not conducive to enhance the goodwill of intelligent logistics. This paper highlights the pivotal role of enterprise collaboration in the intelligent upgrading of logistics, and proposes practical recommendations.

“Reinforced concrete” design of robust mineralized cellulose composite with multilayered structure for efficient CO2 capture and passive radiative cooling ability

The construction industry promotes the economic development of the country by addressing society's housing needs. However, the industry's energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are the primary contributors to global warming. Traditional building materials are no longer capable of meeting the requirements of sustainable development, while natural cellulose can be used as a new type of carbon capture construction material. Inspired by the “reinforced concrete” methodology, a mineralized cellulose composite (ML-CCM) was fabricated through a strategy of vacuum filling and in-situ mineralization, resulting in a composite with a multi-level structure (a natural microporous 3D scaffold loofah as “rebar” and cellulose filler as “cement” are staggered in the composite). The resultant ML-CCM1 exhibited a significantly high flexural strain (approximately 215.9 % of that of cellulose composite without loofah) because of the 3D scaffold loofah acting as a “rebar”. Furthermore, the composite possesses flame retardancy, superior thermal insulation at 90 °C, and passive radiative cooling performance due to the micro-nano ZnO particle in the “cement”. Moreover, the multi-level structure, consisting of pores and micro-nano particles, enables it to effectively adsorb CO2 and environment tobacco smoke. As a result, lifecycle assessments underscore the composite's low Global Warming Potential. Therefore, this work reports a promising 3D bio-based composite with CO2 capture for energy conservation and carbon reduction in the construction industry.

THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL BASIS OF ECOLOGICAL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT

The state of development of ecological business in Ukraine today is characterized by a gradual increase in interest in sustainable development and the introduction of green technologies. The main obstacles remain imperfect legislation, lack of state support and funding, lack of proper infrastructure and insufficient level of environmental awareness among the population. In this context, there is also a need to develop theoretical and conceptual foundations that will help to clearly define approaches, principles and models of ecological business development. The purpose of the article is to determine the theoretical and conceptual foundations of the development of ecological business. The current state of development of ecological business in Ukraine is analyzed. It is noted that the development of ecological business is of key importance for the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine, as it contributes to the creation of a sustainable and environmentally responsible economy. It has been established that the development of ecological business can help Ukraine adapt to new international standards and requirements for sustainable development, which will contribute to the country's integration into global economic processes. The necessity and importance of researching the theoretical foundations of ecological business development in the context of the domestic economy has been proven. The components of the theoretical and conceptual foundations of the formation and development of ecological business are defined and revealed. The prospects for the development of ecological business in Ukraine are analyzed. Thus, ecological business is based on several key theoretical foundations, including the concept of sustainable development, the theory of natural capital, and the circular economy model. The conceptual foundations of the development of ecological business include the principles of ecological management, innovativeness and ecological technologies, as well as social responsibility of business. It is noted that for the further development of ecological business in Ukraine, a clear strategy is needed, which will include stimulating investments, improving legislation, developing infrastructure and increasing environmental awareness of society.

An Approach of Integration of Contextual Data in E-Service System for Management of Multimodal Cargo Transportation

Our research area concerns the development of an intelligent e-service system to help manage multimodal transportation processes. To better respond to the requirements of sustainable development, we encourage the development of multimodal cargo transportation. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the dissemination and management of information in multimodal transportation requires more accurate information transmission and implementation for better coordination of these processes with the interaction of all process participants. Also, contextual data integration into the e-service provision processes is important for more adequate real cargo transportation management. The transition to multimodal freight transport and the increase in its activity directly impact the sustainable development of this sector as transport flows are removed from ground roads and distributed more evenly to load more railways and sea vessels. This research aims to develop an approach to developing the infrastructure of an e-service system with the ability to integrate contextual data and influence the management of multimodal transportation. The methodological approach is based on methods of conceptual representation of information and methods for recognizing the flow of needful information during multimodal freight transportation according to adaptable management processes. The e-service provision system creates benefits for cargo drivers and delivery managers with more accurate information implementation and more adequate coordination of processes under real conditions by helping them make the right decisions.

Ni doped carbon-based composites derived from waste cigarette polypropylene filter rod with electromagnetic wave absorption performance

Abstract Polypropylene is widely used in the plastics industry, especially in the tobacco industry, served as cigarette filters to reduce tar and harm. However, it’s difficult to degrade these polypropylene plastics and suitable methods for recycling and reuse is urgent. This research proposes an efficient method for the reuse of polypropylene cigarette filters by mixing waste polypropylene filters with nickel source in different proportions, followed by a facile calcination treatment to prepare nickel-modified carbon-based composite materials with excellent microwave absorption properties. Morphology and magnetic properties of as-prepared samples were analyzed via XRD, SEM, and VSM, exhibiting an increase in carbon content with raising nickel content. Nickel ion anchored on polypropylene fiber may facilitate better fixation of carbon chains during the polypropylene decomposition process. Among the as-prepared samples, CN2 exhibited superior microwave absorption performance, with an optimal absorption peak of -26.76 dB at 7.97 GHz when matched with a given thickness of 4.3 mm, and an effective absorption bandwidth of 3.64 GHz (8.04 GHz to 11.68 GHz) with a matching thickness of 3.5 mm, covering the X band. Therefore, the as-prepared microwave absorbers provides a feasible solution for the recycling and reuse of polypropylene filters, aligning with the tobacco industry requirements for green and sustainable development.

The Impact of Renewable Energy Industry Amidst the Tense Relationship Between America and China

The challenges and risks exist in every industry under the context of China-US competition. Although both countries use different approaches, significant potential for collaboration and challenges to effective cooperation still exist. By delving into the differences in policy, cooperation initiatives, and competitive dynamics, they have highlighted the interdependence of China and the US in the global renewable industry overall. It is essential to understand the evolving relationship between these two nations in the renewable energy sector, in the context of escalating geopolitical tensions and the requirements of sustainable development. The study concludes that while competition can reduce costs and spur technological advancement in renewable energy, cooperation through leveraging each countrys strengths can significantly contribute to global climate change efforts. Despite the tense relationship, fostering constructive engagement and finding common ground in the renewable energy sector can benefit both economies and promote global sustainable development.

Comprehensive assessment of the water environment carrying capacity based on machine learning

Human activities and climate change are constantly threatening water environment systems. To alleviate pressure on the water environment and meet the requirements for sustainable societal development, it has become important to study the water environment carrying capacity (WECC). As science and technology have advanced, the use of artificial intelligence has penetrated various disciplines, and the application of machine learning has achieved many good results in the environmental sciences; however, little attention has been given to the WECC. To this end, a WECC assessment model was developed based on a variety of machine learning algorithms, to provide a novel approach and better understanding of the WECC. In this study, 13 natural and anthropogenic factors related to the water environment system in Liaoning Province (China) were selected, and the study period ranged from 2015 to 2019. Four basic machine learning algorithms, namely, random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), multilayer perceptron (MLP) and k-nearest neighbour (KNN), were used for batch modelling, and stacking was carried out based on the output results. A comparison and screening of the models revealed that RF and the stacking model had the best model prediction performances. Because RF was relatively simple and convenient, a comprehensive assessment of the regional WECC based on this algorithm was carried out. The results showed that most of the control units with an overloaded WECC are located in the central and northern regions of Liaoning Province, and the control units of overloading can be well identified and the trend of regional WECC status can be observed. To improve model transparency, we also performed an explanatory analysis based on the shapley additive explanations (SHAP). The results showed that precipitation, soil texture, sewage treatment plant, wind speed, and temperature were the most important factors influencing the water environment system. Precipitation is the most influential factor, and with increasing rainfall, the WECC first improves and then gradually deteriorates. For the anthropogenic factors, the WECC generally improves first and then worsens as these factors increase. These research results can be used to provide a powerful and practical new methodology for the comprehensive assessment of the WECC and provide a basis for the development of water environment policies and regulatory implementation in the region.

Performance analysis and multi-objective optimization of a novel solid oxide fuel cell-based poly-generation and condensation dehumidification system

The application of energy supply systems based on fuel cells contributes to meeting the requirement of sustainable development, and developing high-efficiency, low-pollution, and multifunction poly-generation systems coupled with fuel cells is increasingly attractive. This study proposes a novel combined cooling, heating, power poly-generation and dehumidification system including a solid oxide fuel cell, a gas turbine, a double effect absorption refrigerator, a condensation dehumidification unit, an organic Rankine cycle, and a heat exchanger. Thermodynamic, economic, and environmental analysis models of the entire system are developed to evaluate system comprehensive performance. The effects of system parameters such as the inlet temperature of fuel cell, steam to carbon ratio, air flow rate, and high temperature generator temperature on system performance are analyzed. The analysis findings reveal that the proposed system can provide power, cooling, and heating of 551.904 kW, 20.307 kW, and 193.009 kW, and the dehumidification capacity per unit is 14.516 g/kg when 1.238 kg/s of humid air is treated. The system exergy efficiency is found to be 70.534 %, and the system cost rate is 15.578 $/h with carbon dioxide emission being 0.301 kg/kWh at the design condition. Two groups of multi-objective optimizations of the whole system are further conducted to acquire the optimal system performance and working conditions. The optimization results demonstrate that the optimal exergy efficiency of 72.912 % appears at point C1 in the first group of optimization with the lowest carbon dioxide emission being 0.293 kg/kWh, and the optimal qualities of humid air are found to be 1.606 kg/s at C2 and D2 in the second group of optimization. After optimization, the system carbon dioxide emission is decreased by 0.008 kg/kWh, the exergy efficiency is increased by 2.378 %, and the quality of humid air in dehumidification process is developed by 0.368 kg/s. In summary, the proposed poly-generation and dehumidification system can meet multifunction energy demands and achieve good performance, and the research work could also provide theoretical basis for developing evaluation and optimization technologies of fuel cell-based poly-generation systems.

Review on Location of Fresh Cold Chain Logistics Distribution Center

This paper reviews the research status, existing problems and challenges, and future research directions of the location of fresh cold chain logistics distribution centers. The research background is based on factors such as the development of the fresh product market, the technological progress of cold chain logistics, the requirements of environmental protection and sustainable development, and the intensification of market competition. The significance of site selection includes improving transportation efficiency, reducing costs, improving customer satisfaction, optimizing supply chain networks, and achieving environmental sustainability.The former focuses on low-carbon, demand uncertainty, and competitive distribution center location, while the latter focuses on the new retail environment and cold chain distribution. The review of relevant literature points out that some progress has been made in the research, but there are challenges such as market demand uncertainty, incomplete data and limited model applicability.Future research directions include the location model of cold chain logistics distribution center based on big data, the location model considering sustainable development factors, and the location method of cold chain logistics distribution center integrating multi-index evaluation.In the conclusion, it is pointed out that in the past, the time window and the overall logistics network were rarely used as research evaluation indicators in the site selection problems, and the cost of reverse logistics and closed-loop supply chain was rarely considered. In the prospect part, it is proposed that in the future, we should pay attention to the problems of reverse logistics and closed-loop supply chain in the distribution of fresh agricultural products, consider the multi-objective optimization of low-carbon cold chain logistics network in different policies and fields, and combine full simulation technology and optimization technology to realize the system optimization research.

Solar‐driven reforming of lignocellulosic biomass to renewable biohydrogen: A review

To date, humans are looking for suitable energy sources to meet the global demand for fuels. Among many candidates, biohydrogen (bio‐H2), a future fuel perspective, is expected to grow critically and receive considerable attention to replace fossil fuels. This review focuses on biohydrogen production via post‐method photocatalytic reforming of ideal feedstock and abundant lignocellulosic biomass. Renewable biomass precursors are used without net greenhouse gas emissions. This idea holds great promise as a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy solution. In particular, many saccharide substrates, including monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, etc., have been used as sacrificial reagents in photocatalytic reforming over the past few decades. Among the various substrates, cellulose has attracted worldwide attention since it is the most abundant polymeric biomass resource that can be obtained from many sources. Following, photo‐reforming of renewable lignocellulosic biomass, which aligns with the requirements of sustainable development, is successfully proposed. The overall catalytic efficiency will be discussed regarding biohydrogen evolution rate (mmol·gcat−1·h−1). Finally, the review concluded with challenges and potential opportunities to enhance biohydrogen are also given.

Global disparities in CO2 emissions from mobility sectors of diverse economies: A macroscopic exploration across 188 countries/regions

Reducing CO2 emissions represents a global challenge, and the mobility sectors account for a considerable portion of total emissions, with marked disparities across diverse economies. Viewed from a macroscopic perspective, countries and regions around the world can be categorized in various ways. However, relying on a single or a few indicators often proves inadequate to meet the classification requirements for carbon reduction and sustainable development. In this study, employing machine learning and guided by 10 economic indicators, we classified 188 countries/regions into 6 identifiable clusters. Subsequently, by applying ratio analysis and random forest methodologies, we conducted a matrix-based analysis that elucidates the distinct emission characteristics of each mobility sector. Feature importance analysis revealed that for highly developed economies, the total population's contribution was significant, especially in domestic and international aviation, accounting for 50% and 25% of emissions, respectively. In contrast, for lower-middle-income countries and regions, while the total population still played a pivotal role, its influence was most pronounced in railway transportation, reaching 67%. For rapidly developing economies, domestic aviation emissions reached a peak influence of 61%. These insights emphasize the necessity for strategies tailored to the unique attributes of economic entities.

Enhancing Sustainable Development Through Community Engagement

Public involvement is one of the fundamental requirements for sustainable development in any given society because it provides an added assurance of effectiveness and accomplishments. The following paper should endeavor to deliberate on the concept of community engagement for sustainable development with particular emphasis on the opportunity, challenge, and prospect in question. This concept also predicts a direct relationship between the increased involvement of the community members in projects and a consequent enhancement of the stakeholders’ concern, credibility, and efficiency of undertaking any project that has been identified with the community members. However, there are challenges such as inadequate capital, people’s attitudes, or the language barrier, also known as the language beast, and institutional support that have to be dealt with. These are the suggestions: the expansion of resource investment, the establishment of a culture of diversity, communication enhancement, and reinforcement of institutions. In the future, more findings should be done in terms of the effects of different engagement approaches in relation to new methods of engaging the learners and some other challenges that may add to the efficiency that has been observed here. Thus, various development projects can result in a less damaging and more inclusive outcome for the inhabitants of a specific community without leaving out the people’s contributions to the emergency, evolution, and growth of their society. Thus, it not only increases the effectiveness of the projects but also contributes to the improvement of the communities’ resilience and sustainability.

Assessment of Theoretical and Test Performance Considerations of Concentrated Solar Water Purification System “Parabosol” in Underserved Regions

Water is a fundamental human right and a prerequisite for sustainable development because it is an essential element of existence. Notwithstanding, a huge part of the world’s population continues to face challenges in accessing clean and safe drinking water. This situation is particularly pronounced in arid and underdeveloped regions where there is a global water crisis that is a huge threat to human health, economic development, and environmental stability. Designed with solar energy, the award-winning “Parabosol” enhances water evaporation and purifies it simultaneously. Parabosol does not require any expensive machines or complicated infrastructural frameworks, making it both cost-effective and efficient for such vulnerable communities. Transporting it easily allows for quick deployment in remote areas during emergencies, ensuring a clean, dependable water supply for basic household use. This innovative measure, which reduces the risk of waterborne diseases and increases access to safe water resources within communities, could greatly contribute to public health promotion efforts. It is intended for daily performance that corresponds to the minimum needs of one family unit (no less than 35 L per person). The processing capacity of each station varies between 120 and 180 L of water per day (depending on geographical and environmental conditions), depending on geographical and meteorological (solar radiation values) factors. However, experimental values are around 250 L. Parabosol illustrates a novel model with its distinctive design and functionality, highlighting the critical role of clean energy in the development of a more sustainable and resilient future. Additionally, unlike macrosystems that require a substantial initial investment and ongoing operating costs, Parabosol is a portable solution that has the potential to address the issue of clean water scarcity in the future.

Promoting Sustainability in Housing Sector Using Eco-Friendly Materials

Abstract The significance of sustainability in the housing sector is essentially demanded nowadays, driven by the global emphasis on sustainable development and urgent environmental challenges. It emphasizes the need for innovative strategies to enhance resource efficiency and mitigate negative environmental impacts during construction. Achieving sustainability requires incorporating environmental design principles and eco-friendly building materials, necessitating comprehensive considerations in urban planning and design. This involves promoting sustainable public transportation, communities, facilities, and green spaces. The aim of this study is to convert non-sustainable houses into sustainable ones; aiming to support Iraqis seeking housing that meets international sustainability standards. It also aims to assist the Iraqi government in fulfilling its commitments under the Paris Agreement and improve the quality of life for Karbala’s residents. The primary objective is to design a house that balances environmental, economic, and social factors, adhering to international environmental standards and sustainable development requirements. This involves utilizing sustainable techniques like renewable energy and eco-friendly materials. The project adopts a comprehensive approach that accounts for the various dimensions of sustainability during the design process.