Sustainable Development Of Urban Space Research Articles

General Architecture of Sustainable Urban Spatial Development Model Based on Smart Cities

Abstract With the rapid growth of China’s national economy and urbanization, the use of urban space in China has developed greatly. At the same time, there are also many problems, the relationship between urban space planning and ground planning is not coordinated enough, and there are certain contradictions in the development of different levels of space, which will inevitably affect the sustainable development of urban space in China in the long run. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is adopted as the evaluation method for the sustainability of urban space development. Firstly, the AHP method is applied to determine the weights of each specific indicator in the index layer. The sustainability of the current status of underground space development reflected by each indicator is determined by the expert scoring method. Finally, the evaluation results of “sustainable urban spatial development” were obtained using the spatial sustainability model for the example of the cities. In summary, the sustainable urban spatial development model based on smart cities can reflect the development status, development trend, and coordination with the comprehensive external environment of urban space in a comprehensive manner, and can measure and evaluate the degree of sustainable development, thus helping to identify problems that limit sustainable development.

Формирование «зеленой» архитектуры жилых комплексов (на примере Астаны, Сиднея)

In this paper, as part of the study of the "green" architecture of buildings, two large developing cities of Astana and Sydney are considered, where, according to the authors, the most pronounced forms of environmental pollution, due to a number of similar reasons for their occurrence. Today it has become obvious that the natural component of the environment is noticeably decreasing in large cities of the Earth and the appeal of the world architectural community to the environmental aspects of design and construction, contributing to the comfortable, sustainable development of urban space, has been particularly relevant for the past decades. Different cities have their own ecological situation, and depending on the climatic, socio-economic conditions, the nature of the development, their effective mechanisms for optimizing the state of urban spaces are determined. Against the background of the unfavorable environmental situation in the world, in the cities of Astana and Sydney, guidelines are being created today in the direction of the formation of environmental quality, where the relevance of issues of harmonious human interaction with the natural environment increases every year. The article discusses modern projects of residential complexes "Green Quarter" and "One Central Park". As a result of their comparative analysis, it was possible to identify distinctive and similar features in the search for methods of creating "green" architecture, defining objective prerequisites and solutions for the further development of modern housing architecture.

The Pocket Park and Its Impact on the Quality of Urban Space on the Local and Supralocal Scale—Case Study of Krakow, Poland

The idea of building pocket parks in cities is one of the more rational proposals for utilizing cameral spaces to create new quality in terms of green areas while accounting for the potential to blend them into the compact functiospatial structure of the contemporary city. Numerous examples of pocket park projects from around the world point to there being considerable interest in this form of greenery. The goal of this paper is to present the findings of a study of a selected number of pocket parks in Krakow, Poland, in terms of their accessibility, local determinants, and the nearby functiospatial structure, as well as whether they can be included into a wider network of service and green spaces of supralocal significance. The research method included novel field research of selected pocket parks and their surroundings. The form and function of the parks were analyzed and the type of their surrounding urban structure was determined, along with the parks’ accessibility. The study investigated nine parks located in the northeastern part of Krakow in a dense development structure dominated by multi-family housing. Analyses of the parks themselves and the research on the relations and linkages between parks and their surrounding urban structure generally pointed to the accuracy of the concept of the pocket park, its universality, and its compliance with the concept of the sustainable development of urban space. The presence and manner of development of pocket parks can be said to enhance the quality of spaces in confined fragments of an urban structure and to have predominantly local significance.

Methods For The Formation Of Energy-Efficient Architecture Of Social Objects In World Design Practice

Today, people are increasingly drifting away from nature in an age of accelerated lives and information technology. Only the natural environment can create comfortable, ecological conditions for human life. It has become evident that the biological component of the domain has been noticeably reduced in the big cities, and the appeal to the global architectural community of the ecological and aesthetic aspects of design and construction, which contribute to the comfortable and sustainable development of urban space, has become particularly relevant over the past decades. In a big city, architecture is omnipresent. Hence, the architectural-spatial environment should be solved as much as possible in the context of the natural environment, embodying not only the material needs of a person but also spiritual ones. The current unfavorable environmental, energy, and economic situation in the world requires new methods for designing and building the architecture of new and reconstructed old buildings. The article discusses the issues surrounding the formation of modern energy-efficient architecture in the context of its relationship with the natural environment through the use of modern design solutions. The article is based on surveys of social facilities made by the authors from 2017 to 2021 in Eurasian and European cities. The article analyzes a new mechanism of architectural formation based on the shape formation of an architectural object, the content of the architectural shape, the aesthetics of perception, and the organization of eco-space.

Identification and Characterization of Production–Living–Ecological Space in a Central Urban Area Based on POI Data: A Case Study for Wuhan, China

Cities are the main carriers of high population agglomeration and socio-economic activities and are also the areas where contradictions among production, living, and ecological space are concentrated. Effective identification of production–living–ecological space is conducive to the balanced and sustainable development of urban space. First, this paper analyzes the formation mechanism and connotation of urban production–living–ecological space and constructs the classification system of point-of-interest (POI) data. Then, it identifies the production–living–ecological space in the central urban area of Wuhan effectively by using the analytic hierarchy process, spatial analysis method, and the quadrat proportion method and verifies the accuracy of production–living–ecological space by the sampling verification method. Last but not least, it adopts spatial auto-correlation analysis and Geo-detector to reveal spatial heterogeneity and its driving factors. The results indicate that: (1) The overall accuracy of the identification accuracy test of production–living–ecological space in Wuhan is 92.86%. (2) There is a significant spatial correlation among production space, living space, and ecological space in the central urban area of Wuhan with living space being the dominant space and production space the secondary space intersected and embedded in the north and south banks of the Yangtze River. (3) Results of the analysis of the driving factor show that elements comprising life services, corporate enterprises, and scenic spots play a leading role in realizing the living space, the production space, and the ecological space, respectively, and the interactions between these elements have a significant driving effect on the three types of space. The results prove that POI big data are more scientific and practical in urban spatial planning, and it can provide a useful reference for the sustainable development of spatial planning.

Challenges of Sustainable Urban Development in the Context of Population Growth

Lately, we face many challenges that threaten the well-being of society and the quality of life. All of these challenges are complex and closely related, which means that one approach can have positive consequences for others. In this context, population growth, an extremely delicate subject, from a social and ethical point of view has generally become a threat to the entire planet, and in particular, to urban agglomerations. At the global level, population growth puts even greater pressure on basic resources, from fresh water to fertile land, endangering the very existence of humanity. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the population trend globally, as compared to the population trend in the big urban agglomerations, as well as the evolution of some indicators of the quality of life depending on the population growth. Following the analysis, we aim to identify various challenges and develop proposals for the sustainable development of urban space.

Complexity of Functional Urban Spaces Evolution in Different Aspects: Based on Urban Land Use Conversion

The evolution of urban spatial structure and urban land use is a topical issue in urban studies. The analysis of the complexity of functional urban spaces evolution is valuable for a deeper understanding of the changes in urban spatial structure. Taking the central city of Changchun as the study area, the paper uses the urban land conversion method to analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of functional urban spaces evolution in different aspects. The study found that the evolution of functional urban spaces presents significant spatial and temporal differences in different stages and different aspects. There is a close relationship between functional urban spaces evolution and scale. As the scale becomes smaller, the spatial differences and patterns of functional urban spaces evolution become more complex. In the context of rapid urbanization, the mutual replacement of functional urban spaces is frequent, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of urban space as a whole. This study will deepen the understanding of the evolution of urban spatial structure and the complexity of urban systems and provide theoretical support for the optimization and sustainable development of urban spaces.

An Evaluation System for Sustainable Urban Space Development Based in Green Urbanism Principles—A Case Study Based on the Qin-Ba Mountain Area in China

Since the 20th century, the deterioration of the ecological environment around the world has challenged urban space construction. With the development of urbanization, the consumption of resources and energy has increased, the level of biodiversity has decreased, environmental pollution is approaching the critical level, and the contradiction between human habitat activity and ecological environment has become increasingly prominent. The sustainable development of urban space along with its economic and social benefits, taking into account the quality of life and ecological environment, has become a new and important subject that needs to be explored. In this study, the indices of the evaluation system for sustainable urban spatial development in regions with underdeveloped economies but rich in ecological resources are arranged in sequence through the systematic coupling analysis of collaborative evaluation information and a quantitative analysis. The influences of urban space elements on sustainable urban development are disclosed. On the basis of the generated data, an evaluation system for sustainable urban spatial development with a complete set of information is proposed. The proposed system is applicable to urban spatial development evaluation in regions in China with underdeveloped economies but rich in ecological capital. First, the basic concept of system coupling is introduced, and a coupling relationship between urban sustainable development and urban space is proposed. Second, the elements of urban space and the sustainable development in the Qin-Ba mountain area are extracted, and the precedence diagram method is used to construct a sustainable evaluation system for urban space development in the Qin-Ba mountain area. Third, the sustainable evaluation process of urban spatial development is proposed. Finally, the sustainable evaluation system for urban spatial development in the Qin-Ba mountain area is applied to evaluate the urban spatial development in Shangluo, Qin-Ling Mountains, China. The results show that, among the investigated 14 indicators, the proportion of industrial land use mainly influences sustainable urban spatial development. As for the rest of the index factors, per capita green land area and green coverage ratio of built-up areas, per capita urban construction land area, proportion of forestry area, greening rate of built-up areas, total industrial dust emission density, proportion of cultivated area, and average volume fraction of residential areas are the secondary influencing factors of sustainable urban spatial development. The evaluation system in this research is constructed with the three aspects of “green coordination”, “green development”, and “green sustainability” of sustainable urban spatial development, and it complements the evaluation contents of urban–rural ecological space coordination, land resource protection, and green development community, and so on. The conclusion of this study not only can provide a useful reference for urban spatial development planning for underdeveloped ecological capital areas of China but also can provide a theoretical basis for the management and control policy of sustainable urban spatial development.

Identification of urban functions enhancement and weakening based on urban land use conversion: A case study of Changchun, China.

A deep understanding of urban functions is the basis for the optimization of urban spatial structure and for the sustainable development of urban space. Previous research mainly focused on the identification and classification of urban functions using a variety of data and methods; however, little attention has been paid to the quantitative measurement of changes in urban functions, and to their temporal and spatial evolution. With the help of urban land use maps, we used the overlay analysis and the transition matrix to quantitatively measure the enhancement and weakening of urban functions and their spatial differences, by analyzing the relationship between urban land development and redevelopment. Accordingly, the change state of urban function enhancement and weakening could be divided into six categories. Moreover, the results of research on residential, commercial, public service, and industrial functions show that changes in different urban functions have different temporal and spatial characteristics. Our findings on the enhancement and weakening of urban functions in the central city of Changchun provide theoretical support for the sustainable development of urban space in the future.

A Risk Based Approach to Evaluating the Impacts of Zayanderood Drought on Sustainable Development Indicators of Riverside Urban in Isfahan-Iran

In recent years, the Zayanderood River in Isfahan-Iran has been encountered by hydrological imbalance and drought. Literature review shows that long-term climate change, drought, and disruption of the river's water supply has led to depletion of underground aquifers and, consequently, gradual subsidence of the river and serious damage to old buildings and structures along the riverbank. This fact would be followed up by adverse environmental, social, and economic effect that could threaten the sustainable development of urban space. Therefore, it is necessary to use efficient risk identification and assessment approaches toward a more effective risk management. The goal of this study is to identify and prioritize the risks of river drought with regards to all three sustainable development areas including environmental, social, and economic. The research methodology was a mixed field method that included a set of questionnaires and interviews. To evaluate collected data, the analytic network process (ANP) method was used. Eighteen important risks were identified. Based on the results, decrease in the groundwater level, climate change, and gradual soil degradation were ranked first, second, and third, respectively. As this study examined the impacts of river drought on all three areas of sustainable development simultaneously and comprehensively, it is expected that the results will fill the existing theoretical and practical gap affecting improvements in assessment and management of sustainable development risks.

Study on the Influences of Industry Transformation on the Sustainable Development of Resource-Exhausted City Space

Resource-exhausted cities, a special type of cities relying heavily on resource economy, take on some distinct characteristics in the development of industrial structure and urban space. The resource-oriented industrial structure has determined the loose and mixed layout of urban space, the structural imbalance of major functional land use, the crisscrossing pattern of towns and villages and the unreasonable spatial development sequence. The existing urban spatial pattern can no longer meet the demand of urban development. Considering that the evolution of the spatial structure of resource-exhausted cities is a slow process lagging behind industrial transformation, this paper analyzes the industrial transformation manifested in urban spatial structure and reveals the mechanism through which the industrial transformation affect the sustainable development of urban space, so as to provide guidance to improve the coordination and harmony of urban spatial structure and industrial structure, further promote the smooth transformation of resource-exhausted cities and achieve the sustainable development.