Sustainable Development In Mountain Areas Research Articles

Урбанистический дискурс управления устойчивым развитием горных районов Китая

Introduction. Sustainable development of mountainous areas is one of the priorities of modern China; it meets the basic focus of state policy on the harmonization of all spheres of life of the population. At the same time, mountainous areas occupy a special place in these processes, since they have special characteristics that complicate the introduction of economic, political and cultural innovations. These characteristics include, first of all, the geographical location, which determines the low level of infrastructure, inaccessibility of logistics routes and, as a consequence, the need to invest significant effort and resources to improve sustainable development indicators. China has diverse mountain regions such as the Himalayas, Tianshan, Kunlun and others. Each of these regions has its own unique geographical features, climate, vegetation and wildlife. When developing sustainable development programs, it is necessary to take into account these differences and adapt approaches to specific mountain regions. Materials and methods. Discursive regional practices in the dichotomy of urban/non-urban content are considered in the article in line with the concept of social organization of tradition. Within the framework of this concept, the so-called “small traditions” that arise in relatively closed rural regions are influenced by the “big tradition” generated by the city as a place of concentration of an educated population focused on the formation of progressive social practices. The indicated theoretical and methodological approaches form the basis of the analysis carried out within the framework of this study. Results. All areas of management in China, including the management of sustainable development of territories, are under the jurisdiction of party-state structures, both central and local. These structures pay special attention to the managerial discursive practices of the regions, among which mountainous regions with their special geographical location, which gives rise to cultural and social isolation, have a pronounced specificity. Among the main strategies is the promotion in local societies of political culture and other types of urban cultures that contribute to the sustainable development of mountain regions: economic, legal, administrative culture, etc. Discussion. Analysis of the strategies for the formation of urban discourse in the management of mountainous areas made it possible to identify three basic strategies of urban discourse in China: physical, information and communication, and socio-moral. All three of these strategies are fundamental to the formation of the urban discourse of the “great tradition” in the mountainous regions of China. Based on the analysis, we can conclude that the process of formation of an urban discourse on managing the sustainable development of mountainous areas in China demonstrates several important trends. State and regional authorities in China actively cooperate and coordinate their actions in the development and implementation of programs for the sustainable development of mountain areas. They exchange information, experiences and best practices to jointly develop effective strategies and action plans. This contributes to the sustainable development of mountain regions, improving the quality of life of the local population and preserving the natural environment. Conclusions. The authors conclude that Chinese government agencies are building a system in which the urban discourse of the “big state tradition” will integrate the rural discourse of the “small tradition” of the mountainous regions. Resume. The work compares the concepts of territorial management using the “large state tradition” and the “small tradition” of mountainous areas. A comparative analysis of these traditions and the possibility of their interaction is shown. It has been determined that the basic strategy for the development of the mountainous regions of China is the formation of elements of urban culture in local communities, including various aspects. Suggestions for practical applications and future research directions. The research results can be useful in developing programs for the development of mountainous areas in various countries. The data presented in the article allows us to form a trend for sustainable development, including tourism, culture and social development.

Анализ сценариев организации теплоснабжения горных территорий на основе комплексных решений по их устойчивому развитию

Introduction. In the modern world, planning for the sustainable development of countries at the state level should take into account the economic-geographical position (abbr. – EGP) of the territories, which determines the nature of the organization of their heat supply, which is of particular relevance for mountainous areas. Materials and methods. The starting point of the study was an analysis of the structure of the sustainable development goals (abbr. SDGs), among which five SDGs were selected, interconnected with each other and with the EGP (SDGs 7, 3, 9, 11, 13). To compile the materials, statistics on the countries of the post-Soviet space of the World Energy portal were used. Two main types of energy economy of countries were identified, meeting the needs for heat supply, which are largely determined by the EPG of the territories. Results. It is shown that the organization of heat supply to territories needs to be improved in the context of SDG 7 “Affordable and clean energy”, so the question arises about strategic planning of its scenarios. Based on the results of the study, five scenarios were proposed for selection aimed at the sustainable development of territories: centralized heat supply, the use of traditional decentralized sources, the transition to the use of electricity, the development of renewable energy sources and the transition to nuclear energy. Discussion. In the mountainous areas of the countries studied, the use of one of the proposed scenarios is not possible; a combined scenario for organizing heat supply is required. The authors propose to use an approach based on the method of hierarchy analysis, on the basis of which provisions are formulated for its application in order to plan the sustainable development of mountain areas. Conclusion. Based on the results of the work, conclusions were drawn that reflect the stages of the research, which are based on a scientific and practical approach to the formation and selection of scenarios for organizing heat supply to mountainous areas. Areas of promising practice-oriented research include studying the possibilities of using renewable energy sources (including solar and wind power plants), which are currently little used in heat supply to mountainous areas.

Climate change risk assessment for ski areas in China

The successful bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics has provided a strong impetus for the development of China's ski industry. Ski areas have sprung up throughout the country, even in the low latitudes south of 30°N. However, ski tourism is extremely susceptible to weather and climate conditions. In the context of global warming, it has become important to assess the climate reliability of ski areas. Therefore, this study demonstrates a novel approach to assessing the ski tourism sector's climate risks, which can be easily applied in other markets catering to the same industry. Using the random forest regression model based on climate projections and survey data, we projected the ski season start dates, end dates and season lengths of 694 existing ski areas in China under three emission scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Climate projections, including air temperature, snowfall, rainfall, wind speed and air humidity, were the ensemble means from five climate models. Results indicate that ski areas in China may have later start dates, earlier end dates and shorter ski seasons before 2099. By the 2090s, under RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, 20% (139), 28% (195) and 35% (245) of ski areas are projected to be at high climate risk (ski season less than 60 d), respectively, while 28% (197), 23% (157) and 8% (56) of ski areas are at low climate risk (ski season with at least 100 d), respectively. The climate risks are ranked from the highest to lowest in East, Central, Southwest, North, Northwest and Northeast China. Furthermore, the ski tourism sector in the latitudes south of 40°N is exposed to much higher climate risks than in areas north of 40°N. Therefore, climatic reliability should be carefully considered before establishing or expanding ski areas to avoid unnecessary resource waste and ecological damage, as well as to promote sustainable development in mountain areas.

Do Innovation Metrics Reflect Sustainable Policy Making in Europe? A Comparative Study Case on the Carpathian and Alpine Mountain Regions

This paper questions the evaluation of innovation systems and innovation measurements and the effectiveness of innovation policies applied at the territorial level by assessing whether the existing European regional scoreboard is effective in providing accurate inputs for decision-makers in mountainous regions. The aim of the research is to provide, through comparative analysis by using statistical multi-methods of two mountainous macro-regions (the Alps and the Carpathians), a possible and available path to develop novel perspectives and alternative views on innovation systems’ performance for informed and territorial-based policy making by using the indicators of the Regional Innovation Scoreboard. The methodology used includes descriptive statistics, chi-square bivariate test, Student’s t test, one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc multiple comparisons, multilinear regression analysis, and decision tree with CRT (classification and regression trees) algorithm. Our results emphasize the similarities and differences between the Alpine and Carpathian mountain regions, find the best predictors for each mountain region, and provide a scientific basis for the development of a holistic approach linking measurement theory, innovation systems, innovation policies, and their territorial approach toward sustainable development of mountain areas. The paper’s contribution is relevant in the context of remote, rural, and mountain areas, which are usually left behind in terms of innovation chances and in the context of the COVID-19 aftermath with budget constraints. The present results are pertinent for designing effective smart specialization strategies in these regions due to the difficulties that most remote areas and less developed regions are facing in developing innovation policies.

Nutritional Characterization and Novel Use of “Copafam” Bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.) for the Sustainable Development of Mountains Areas

Agrobiodiversity conservation includes strategies and actions to be taken to prevent landrace loss, a worldwide problem. Landraces are local varieties that have agricultural, cultural, and historical value but most of these are not studied yet. This research aimed to study the nutritional and phytochemical characteristics of the “Copafam” bean. In addition, the sensory properties and consumers’ hedonic ratings in a model food formulation (biscuits) made by this landrace have been examined. The results show that “Copafam” had a high dietary fiber content (34.83 ± 2.48 g/100 g dw) and it resulted in a great source of secondary metabolites as polyphenols (121.36 ± 5.31 mg GAE/g dw), flavonoids (6.51 ± 0.17 mg/kg dw), and anthocyanins (28.11 ± 0.16 mg Cy3 G/kg dw), having remarkable antioxidant activity too. Biscuits made from “Copafam” bean flour were characterized by a darker color and crunchy texture, and it was considered acceptable by consumers. All these characteristics make it a resource of great interest for innovative forms of consumption like fortified foods. This research showed that landraces can represent a great resource for an innovative food industry aiming to preserve agrobiodiversity and promote the sustainable development of mountain areas.

When Higher Education Meets Sustainable Development of Rural Areas: Lessons Learned from a Community–University Partnership

Sustainable development in mountain areas faces numerous socioenvironmental and economic challenges that public institutions have sought to address for decades. The EU is increasingly demanding Higher Education Institutions be more socially relevant and responsible in addressing the needs of these often-underserved communities. To this end, one central principle of the Erasmus+ Project 2014–2020, also consolidated by the Programme 2021–2027, has been to enhance the development, transfer, and implementation of innovative practices fostering social engagement at the local and international levels. The paper describes a case study developed in the “Socially Engaged Universities—(SEU)” project, co-funded by the Erasmus+ Programme 2014–2020, which aimed to strengthen the cooperation between universities and local communities. A local foundation and the University of Parma co-piloted a project to strengthen the short supply chains of a group of farmers in the Italian Appennines. The partnership identified factors that fostered and hampered the effectiveness of community–university partnerships. We propose some final recommendations to ensure that sustainable rural development fully leverages university resources. This includes higher education teaching and research programmes tailored toward the needs of the local community.

Assessing preferences for mountain wine and viticulture by using a best-worst scaling approach: do mountains really matter for Italians?

European Commission has recently published the rules on the use of the quality term "mountain product". The new regulation aims to promote the sustainable development of mountain areas and to facilitate the identification of mountain products by consumers. Despite the importance of viticulture for several European mountain communities and the growing interest of European consumers in quality certified foods, the regulation did not encompass wines. The literature addresses many issues regarding wines and consumer preferences, but so far mountain wines are not specifically researched. With this study, we seek to fill this gap by analysing Italian consumers’ preferences for mountain wines as well as their opinion on the inclusion of this product in the mountain labelling scheme. To do so, this study applies a best-worst scaling model and subsequent latent class analysis. Data was collected through an online questionnaire applied to a consumer panel. The results indicate that most of respondents are in favour of applying the mountain label to wines. The three most preferred attributes are related to human health, ecological sustainability and product typicity. Most of the participants gave less importance to the attributes that characterize mountain agriculture. Only one consumer segment valued some of these. The findings suggest that the inclusion of mountain wines in the labelling scheme may increase the interest of Italian wine consumers, especially if health, sustainability and typicity are ensured by producers.

Two perspectives – one goal: resilience research in protected mountain regions

Resilience at various levels of the social and environmental domains is a key aspect of sustainable development in mountain areas. However, resilience research is hampered by inconsistent definitions and conceptualizations of resilience. Using the examples of two research projects from protected mountain areas in different regions of the world (in the Austrian Alps and the Nepalese Himalayas), we illustrate two distinct perspectives on resilience: a system-based perspective and an agency-based one. We identify common characteristics of these views on resilience and apparent contradictions between them, and discuss how the two perspectives can be integrated to enhance understanding of resilience and to support sustainable development.

Two perspectives – one goal: resilience research in protected mountain regions

Resilience at various levels of the social and environmental domains is a key aspect of sustainable development in mountain areas. However, resilience research is hampered by inconsistent definitions and conceptualizations of resilience. Using the examples of two research projects from protected mountain areas in different regions of the world (in the Austrian Alps and the Nepalese Himalayas), we illustrate two distinct perspectives on resilience: a system-based perspective and an agency-based one. We identify common characteristics of these views on resilience and apparent contradictions between them, and discuss how the two perspectives can be integrated to enhance understanding of resilience and to support sustainable development.

МЕЖДИСЦИПЛИНАРНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ГОРНЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ: РОЛЬ СОЦИАЛЬНОКУЛЬТУРНЫХ ФАКТОРОВ

The purpose of this work is to analyze the role of culture in the sustainable development of mountain areas in different regions and with different approaches to reflecting this topic of research in scientific publications. The analysis is based on two thematic issues of the journals Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories (SDMT) and Mountain Research and Development (MRD), which focus on the role of culture in mountains. The joint thematic issue was based on the task to reflect the contribution of cultural factors to the sustainable development of mountain areas, as well as the expansion of scientific exchange between communities speaking different languages. Last but not least, it was important to reflect the difference in approaches and methods of “visualization” of scientific thought in the West and in Russia, integration and contextualization of knowledge, which is crucial for ensuring sustainable development in the global aspect. In total, 13 articles were analyzed (4 in the SDMT and 9 in the MRD). The parameters for analysis and comparison were: thematic focuses of articles, regions covered, a set of keywords, goal formulation, concepts. 9 articles cover the mountains of Asia (Caucasus – 3, Himalayas – 2, Tibet and its eastern mountain frame – 2, Mountains of Siberia – 2), two articles each are devoted to the Alps and Andes. Comparison of the analysis of articles on the role of culture in the mountains, presented in the Russian and Swiss journals, showed both similarities in assessments of the role of culture in sustainable development and differences in approaches and depth of analysis of empirical data. The articles recognize the fundamental importance of culture for sustainable development in mountainous regions and preventing the destruction of mountain communities with unique environmental management systems. The initiative to jointly produce articles on such an important topic as the role of culture in the mountains contributes to global efforts to generate knowledge, demonstrating how to integrate the cultural component into development practice and policy. This is in line with the goals and objectives of UNESCO, in particular with efforts to develop indicators for the cultural dimension of development.

THE “GREEN PATH” OF ETHNO-TOURISM’S MONETIZATION: DAGESTAN. THE ARCHI PROJECT

The article discusses relevant methodological and applied issues of using the recreational potential of mountain ethnocultural landscapes for the sustainable development of mountain areas, replenishing family budgets and improving the quality of life of mountaineers. As a methodological guideline, the principle of a systematic approach is used. Ethno-tourism is considered as a factor of direct and indirect impact on traditional life-support systems of selected rural enclaves.Positive factors of socio-economic development, as well as risks associated with restrictions on the development of private business, with contradictions and violations of moral and ethical standards, and ethnocultural degradation of rural areas are highlighted. It is noted that the consequence of the administrative solution of the problem of land and demographic imbalances between mountain regions and the plain due to large-scale migrations of mountaineers to the plain of more than two hundred mountain villages and farms was that a large number of terraced fields, gardens, agricultural land were abandoned. Attention is drawn to the fact that over the past half century, the stability of demographic indicators in Dagestan is ensured by rural enclaves in the lowlands. The definition of "monetization" of ethnographic tourism is given as the formation of a sustainable communication system between rural enclaves, their representations in cities, travel agencies and the expert community. The fact that the deployment of a network of historical and cultural routes and ecological paths in ethnic territories should be preceded by field ethnographic studies is highlighted. The importance of information support of ethnographic tourism, coordination of interests of rural self-government bodies, regional authorities, agribusiness, and local population is noted. These provisions and approaches to the development and information management of the development of ethnographic tourism in Dagestan are illustrated by the example of a small touristic project “Archi”.

ДЕРЖАВНЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ ГІРСЬКИХ ТЕРИТОРІЙ: ЗАРУБІЖНИЙ ДОСВІД

Проаналізовано досвід зарубіжних країн щодо державного регулювання сталого розвитку гірських територій. Поширеними інструментами державної підтримки є «компенсаційний» підхід у сфері регулювання соціально-економічного розвитку гірських територій у західноєвропейських країнах, країнах Центральної та Східної Європи (а саме Болгарії, Польщі, Угорщини, Чехії, Словаччини, які дотичні до Карпатського регіону). Узагальнення досвіду країн ЄС засвідчило, що на значну увагу заслуговують насамперед такі специфічні інструменти державної політики, як угоди щодо регіонального розвитку та програми подолання депресивності територій, до яких належать гірські території, що успішно працювало у Швеції. Щодо проблемних територій, зокрема гірських, у світовій практиці застосовуються такі механізми державної фінансової підтримки, як державні гранти та субсидії, зменшення відсоткових ставок і податкових ставок за кредитами, які видають з метою реалізації регіональних проектів, надання державних гарантій тощо. Ефективність запровадження вказаних інструментів суттєво залежить насамперед від організаційно-інституційного механізму, що покликаний розробляти, запроваджувати їх та належно контролювати. Украй актуальним механізмом здійснення європейської гірської політики є просторове планування. Поряд із цим у країнах ЄС широко застосовується і такий механізм державного регулювання соціально-економічного розвитку гірських територій, як кластеризація економіки депресивних територій, у тому числі гірських, для зменшення нерівності їх соціально-економічного розвитку. Значної уваги заслуговує досвід країн ЄС щодо дотримання екологічної та соціальної безпеки гірських територій. Тому адаптація будь-якої зарубіжної моделі розвитку гірських територій має узгоджуватися із соціально-економічною стратегією України в цілому, визначатися пріоритетами регіональної політики на державному рівні. Підхід до вибору моделі має бути гнучким і враховувати перш за все інтереси країни щодо соціальної та екологічної безпеки гірських територій Карпатського регіону.

Sustainable Development of the Mountain Territory of the Ukrainian Carpathians: Foreign Experience and Domestic Realities

The article describes the factors and indicators of sustainable development of mountain areas. The authors analyse the experience of foreign countries in the educational and socio-cultural activities of the inhabitants of the mountains, determine the prospects for its implementation in the mountainous regions of the Ukrainian Carpathians. The researches determine the ways and prospects of development of mountain territories of the Ukrainian Carpathians compare foreign experience of some European countries and the United States on sustainable development.
 The purpose of the article is based on studying the experience of mountainous countries, identifying the leading factors influencing their sustainable development and revealing the prospects for their implementation in the mountainous regions of the Ukrainian Carpathians. In accordance with the purpose of the study, features of mountain areas were outlined, the factors that determine the specifics of their educational, ecological, economic and socio-cultural development are described. The authors analysed international experience of managing the development of mountain areas in order to determine the possibilities of its use in national practice

Ecosystem Services Management Based on Differentiation and Regionalization along Vertical Gradient in Taihang Mountain, China

The regulation and management of ecosystem services are fundamental for sustainable development in mountain areas. Although no obvious vertical band spectrum exists in Taihang Mountain region, vertical differentiation of ecological characteristics in the region is obvious. The ecosystem characteristics of vertical differentiation were analyzed using 4 typical ecological indices (land use, temperature, net primary productivity, and water yield). The ecosystem service functional pattern was determined based on analysis of the ecosystem services value per unit area. The 2 ecosystem critical zones of vertical differentiation (500–600 m and 1400–1500 m) were determined. The mountain area was divided into 3 ecological zones—sub-alpine zone (>1500 m), mid-mountain zone (600–1400 m) and hilly zone (<500 m). The ecosystem services functional pattern was as follows: provisioning services was the main ecosystem services function in the hilly zone, 4 ecosystem service functions were equally important in the mid-mountain zone, regulating, supporting and cultural services were the main ecosystem service functions in the sub-alpine zone. The model of ecosystem service regulation and management in 3 ecological zones was built based on the functional patterns to promote sustainable development.

Study on the path selection of sustainable development in the mountainous area of Beijing

The mountainous area of Beijing is the broad region with weak economic features, ecologically fragile and special ecological functions. The ecological conditions, sustainability and regional economic development are intercorrelated in the region. It is arduous to enhance the regional competitive advantage and improve the economic development level through the environmental protection and ecological conservation. This study elaborates the relationship between ecology and economic development from the perspectives of ecology, productivity and life style in mountainous areas of Beijing. Then this paper discusses how to increase sustainable development of mountain areas from several aspects, including key regional developments, industrial development, and ecological compensation mechanism, considering the strategic goals of accelerating economic transformation, coordinating urban and rural development, and promoting new-type urbanization.

Geographical space development zone classification: An essential guide for transformation of mountain resource cities

Sustainable development of mountain areas and resource cities has been a significant issue worldwide. Transformation of mountain resource cities is facing tremendous difficulties. In the context of National Major Function-oriented Zone Planning raised to a national strategic level in China, it is important to effectively implement the planning by studying geographical space development zone classification of prefecture- and county-level cities based on their major function orientation. This research is even more critical for the transformation of mountain resource cities. In this study, we evaluated geographical space development suitability, and classified geographical space development zones for Dongchuan Distric in Kunming City of Yunan Province, China, a typical mountain resource city. A quantitative grid-based evaluation was conducted using key-factor identification and restrictive-supportive comprehensive index determinati based on a geographic information system framework with different source data. The results included a classification of geographical space of Dongchuan into five types: the prohibited development zone, the inappropriate development zone, the controlled development zone, the moderate development zone and the preferential development zone. The distribution characteristics of geographical space development zones showed that the proportion of the prohibited development zone is the highest, while that of the other four development zones is comparatively lower and significantly fragmented. The geographical space development suitability is greatly controlled by the geomorphic pattern. Although Dongchuan is extremely restrained in terms of suitable geographical space for industrialization and urbanization, it still has the certain preferential and moderate development zones with an area of 207.81 km(2) with large parts being concentrated and contiguous, which makes these areas the most favorable for development. Only by adapting to this reality and implementing centralized development strategy in the regions with higher suitability may Dongchuan achieve smooth transformation from expansion mode to compact mode and its sustainable development capacity may be improved. Suggestions with an angle of industrial and spatial development pattern were put forward for the transformation of the city in future.

The Study on Design Method of the Sustainable Dwellings in Mountain Areas Based on BIM

This paper shows the difficulties of the dwellings’ sustainable development in mountain areas on the basis of the fast pace of urbanization and the development of the dwellings in China, in terms of environmental resources, spatial form, regional culture and construction technologies. Then this paper analyzes the application possibilities of BIM on the sustainable dwellings in mountain areas through the discussion of the correlation between BIM and Sustainable Architecture, and proposes the research ideas of design methods.

Common agricultural policy towards the development of mountain areas

Mountain areas due to their specific character should be managed in that way, which delivers people from rural areas appropriate income, what enable preserving and maintaining social tradition, unique features of environment and cultural landscapes. Mountain areas and every activity connected with them are part of national heritage. Maintain sustainable development of mountain areas requires continue of agricultural production and assuring appropriate economic conditions. Hence dwellers of mountain areas should have opportunity to earn in nonagricultural sources. Development of mountain areas connected only with agricultural production would lead to the impoverishment of the local population. Hence to counteract this process, it is necessary to assure direct payments for farmers, and at the same time expand nonagricultural function of this region. It is necessary to enrich rural areas in the mountains by creating a diversity of natural and cultural landscape. And although may it be a conflict between the objectives of conservation and agricultural activity, it seems that they could be overcome against the benefits which such cooperation can bring people in mountain areas.

Mountains between sustainability and development: managing sustainable development in mountain areas

Bu araştırmanın amacı dağlık alanlarda sürdürülebilir kalkınma yönetimini incelemektir. Yazarın Bulgaristan’ın Batı Rodop Dağları’ndaki alan araştırmasına dayalı olan bu çalışma, yönetilen bir sistemin sürdürülebilirliği bütünüyle antropojenik ve doğal elemanlara bağlı olduğunda, sürdürülebilir kalkınma politikalarının en etkili olduğu iddiasını incelemektedir. Araştırmada, sürdürülebilir kalkınma kavramının anlaşılmasında sistemin yaklaşım modelini kullanılmış ve dağlık alanlardaki sürdürülebilir yönetimin temel ilkelerini ortaya çıkarmak için bir coğrafi sistem modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırma, sürdürülebilir kalkınmayı sağlayan gerekli elemanları açıklar ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma kavramının anlaşılmasında politik ve kültürel özelliklerin büyük öneme sahip olduğu sonucuna ulaşır. Araştırma dağların doğal ve beşeri özelliklerinin özel dinamiklerini inceler ve Güneydoğu Avrupa’daki dağ alanları gelişimi olgusunu daha iyi açıklamada “dış sınırların örtüşmesi” terimini tanıtır. Araştırmada bu alanların bütünleşik yönetiminde, sürdürülebilir yönetimin temel ilkeleri olduğu kadar sürdürülebilirliğin bağlı olduğu bütün elemanları içermesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Dağlar sürdürülebilir olarak yalnızca “dağ bütünü” ölçeğinde ve tüm coğrafi sistemin sınırları içinde yönetilebilir

Towards dynamics in flood risk assessment

Abstract. As a consequence of flood impacts, communities inhabiting mountain areas are increasingly affected by considerable damage to infrastructure and property. The design of effective flood risk mitigation strategies and their subsequent implementation is crucial for a sustainable development in mountain areas. The assessment of the dynamic evolution of flood risk is the pillar of any subsequent planning process that is targeted at a reduction of the expected adverse consequences of the hazard impact. Given these premises, firstly, a comprehensive method to derive flood hazard process scenarios for well-defined areas at risk is presented. Secondly, conceptualisations of a static and dynamic flood risk assessment are provided. These are based on formal schemes to compute the risk mitigation performance of devised mitigation strategies within the framework of economic cost-benefit analysis. In this context, techniques suitable to quantify the expected losses induced by the identified flood impacts are provided.