Suspension Of Candida Albicans Research Articles

Can pulsed laser treatment reduce microbial adhesion on the surface of resin denture base materials?

Objectives. The present work investigates the influence of pulsed nanosecond laser patterning of two commercial heat cure poly (methyl methacrylate) denture base materials, Trevalon and DPI heat cure, on their surface characteristics such as roughness, hydrophobicity, and microbial adhesion. Methods. A Q-switched Nd:YAG solid state nanosecond pulsed laser at a wavelength of 532 nm with a fluence of 2.55 × 1010 W cm−2 having a pulse frequency of 10 Hz was used at varying translation stage speed and vertical spacing for the surface patterning of denture base materials. The surface properties of control and patterned materials were characterized by measuring the compositional changes, wettability, and roughness. Microbial adhesion was assessed by incubating the specimens in Candida albicans suspension at 37 °C for 2 h followed by estimating the number of adherent Candida cells. Results. The micro-Raman spectroscopic studies indicated no chemical changes in the materials due to laser patterning. However, laser patterning increased the average surface roughness from 0.02 ± 0.005 and 0.04 ± 0.003 μm to 3.85 ± 0.20 μm and 3.70 ± 0.12 μm respectively for Trevalon and DPI heat cure materials. In addition, a reduction in the surface wettability was evident as manifested by an increase in water contact angle from 76 ± 2° to 105 ± 1° for Trevalon and from 72 ± 1° to 97 ± 1° for DPI heat cure. Finally, the microbial adhesion studies clearly indicated that the surfaces with higher hydrophobicity and roughness following laser patterning exhibited reduced microbial adhesion. Significance. Laser patterning can be utilized to tune the surface features of denture base materials and thus offer a promising method to create microbial adhesion resistant surfaces. Clinically, such surfaces help in reducing the incidence of denture stomatitis, especially in immunocompromised patients, without altering the composition and bulk properties of denture base materials.

The Effect of Exposure to Candida Albicans Suspension on the Properties of Silicone Dental Soft Lining Material.

While functioning in the oral cavity, denture soft linings (SL) are exposed to contact with the microbiota. Dentures can offer perfect conditions for the multiplication of pathogenic yeast-like fungi, resulting in rapid colonisation of the surface of the materials used. In vitro experiments have also shown that yeast may penetrate SL. This may lead to changes in their initially beneficial functional properties. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of three months of exposure to a Candida albicans suspension on the mechanical properties of SL material and its bond strength to the denture base polymer, and to additionally verify previous reports of penetration using a different methodology. Specimens of the SL material used were incubated for 30, 60 and 90 days in a suspension of Candida albicans strain (ATCC 10231). Their shore A hardness, tensile strength, and bond strength to acrylic resin were tested. The colonization of the surface and penetration on fractured specimens were analysed with scanning electron and inverted fluorescence microscopes. Exposure to yeast did not affect the mechanical properties. The surfaces of the samples were colonised, especially in crystallized structures of the medium; however, the penetration of hyphae and blastospores into the material was not observed.

Efficacy of calcium hydroxide-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) biodegradable nanoparticles as an intracanal medicament against endodontopathogenic microorganisms in a multi-species biofilm model.

This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (CH-loaded PLGA NPs) on multi-species biofilms. Human root blocks were prepared (n = 40), and multi-species suspensions of Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus gordonii were incubated within the root canals for 21 days. Canals (n = 10/group) were then medicated with saline solution (negative control), chlorhexidine (positive control), calcium hydroxide and CH-loaded PLGA NPs for 7 days. Samples taken from the 0.1 mm root canal dentin were collected, and cell growth was detected by culture on BHI agar. The viable cell count of the Ca(OH)2, chlorhexidine gel and CH-loaded PLGA NPs group was significantly lower than the normal saline group (p < 0.001). CH-loaded PLGA NPs demonstrated a significant lower viable cell than Ca(OH)2 (p < 0.001); it has potential as a medicament for endodontic therapy.

Viability of selected microorganisms in parenteral preparations for novel systemic anti-cancer therapy.

Risk factors for aseptic preparation of parenteral medicines encompass the growth-promoting nature of the preparation. Although many aqueous parenteral preparations do not have growth-promoting properties, inadvertently introduced microorganisms may remain viable. Knowledge about the viability of microorganisms in parenteral preparations can add useful information for assigning shelf life to preparations used to treat cancer patients. The aim of the study was to assess the viability of four different facultative pathogenic microorganisms in 20 ready-to-administer parenteral preparations aseptically prepared in hospital pharmacies. Samples of 20 different biologics and small molecules for systemic anti-cancer therapy were inoculated either with different bacteria (i.e., Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecium) or with Candida albicans suspension. The resulting test concentrations were 104-105 microorganisms per mL. Aliquots of inoculated test solutions were transferred in duplicate to tryptic soy agar plates at the time points 0, 4, 24, 48, 144 h. The plates were incubated for 24 h (bacterial strains) and 72 h (C. albicans) at 37 °C and colony forming units (CFUs) were counted. In most test solutions, especially in monoclonal antibody solutions, increased CFU counts of P. aeruginosa and unchanged or increased CFU counts of E. faecium and S. aureus were registered. Pronounced nutritive properties of monoclonal antibodies and filgrastim were not registered. Azacitidine, pixantrone and vinflunine containing test solutions revealed species-specific bacteriostatic and even bactericidal activity. All test solutions, except nivolumab and pixantrone containing solutions, showed constant or increasing CFU counts of C. albicans after incubation. Viability of the selected pathogenic microorganisms was retained in most of the tested biological and small molecule preparations used to treat cancer patients. Therefore, in pharmacy departments strict aseptic conditions should be regarded and the lack of antimicrobial activity should be considered when assigning shelf life to RTA parenteral preparations.

Anti-fungal efficacy of Miswak Extract (Salvadora Persica) and commercial cleaner against Candida albicans on heat cured polymethylmethacrylate denture base.

The aim of the study was to compare the antifungal efficacy between commercial cleaner (Corega) and Miswak extract (Salvadora persica) against Candida albicans on heat cured Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) acrylic denture base resin. Forty-eight samples of heat cured PMMA acrylic denture base resin were fabircated in the study. The sterile acrylic resin specimens were immersed in standardized cell suspension of Candida albicans and incubated for 60 min at 370°C for cell adhesion and 2 h at 370°C for biofilm formation. After 24 h biofilm was evaluated by cell viability (CFUs) on SDA and cell counting of Candida albicans under light microscope at 400× magnification. The fungicidal effect of commercial cleaner and Miswak extract on Candida albicans biofilm was then evaluated by colony-forming units on SDA and cell counting under light microscope at 400× magnification. Screening test agar disk-diffusion assay showed mean inhibitory zone of 3 mm for commercial cleaner as compared to Miswak extract, which showed mean inhibitory zone of 2 and 1 mm for different concentrations. Broth microdilution method showed 31 mg/ml MIC and 62.5 mg/ml Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) values for commercial cleaner as compared to Miswak extract that showed 125 mg/ml MIC and 250 mg/ml MFC values against Candida albicans. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between pre and post treatment of both commercial cleaner and Miswak extract, for CFUs and cell count for Candida albicans. Commercial denture cleaner (Corega) showed better antifungal (C albicans) activity than Miswak extract (Salvadora persica) on heat cured PMMA acrylic denture base resin.

Effect Of Vaccinium Macrocarpon On Candida Albicans Adhesion To Denture Base Resin

Objective&#x0D; This study aimed to assess the effectivenessof Vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry)extract on Candida albicans adhesion tocranberry added denture base biomaterial.&#x0D; Method&#x0D; Different proportions of cranberryextract were incorporated into polymer of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) self - cure resin material forfabricationfifty of 4 mm x 4mm x 2mm samples. Group I contained 0 wt/wt% cranberry was used as control group. 0.5wt/wt%, 1.0 wt/wt%, 1.5 wt/wt% and 2 wt/wt% was graded as Group II to V in order.Addition of 0.1mL of Candida albicans suspension was done in each well of tissue culture plate and incubated for 48 hours. 2% cranberrywasused as disinfectant solution in four serial dilutions at undiluted, 1:10, 1:100, 1:1000 ratio. Immersion of resin samples in disinfectant solution was done for 10 minutes. A colony forming unit was measuredafter 0.1mL of the solution was plated on as sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) plate and cultured for 72 hours. Data were subjected to statistical analysis.&#x0D; Results&#x0D; The mean colony forming units (CFU) per mL showed that there were severalconfluent colonieswith all proportions of cranberry extract added poly methyl methacrylate (CA-PMMA) resin samplesin undiluted and 1:10 dilution state with both distilled water and cranberry disinfectants. While immersion indistilled waterat 1 :100 dilution, mean CFU/mL was 2.99 0.29in all groups of CA-PMMA. In 1 :1000 dilution state, the mean SD was 117 0.42.Immersion in cranberry solution at 1:100 and 1:1000 showed 2.65 0.66 and 1.26 0.59 for all groups of CA-PMMA. On comparison between distilled water and cranberry as disinfectants, a statistically significant difference was noted with all groups as p &lt; 0.043. Insignificant variation was observed within the groups with both disinfectants as p &gt; 0.05.&#x0D; Conclusion&#x0D; Adherence of Candida albicans to cranberry added self-cure poly methyl methacrylate biomaterial was evidenced to be less irrespective of extract proportions of 1%, 1.5% and 2% in PMMA.Cranberry’s effectiveness as disinfectant showed lesscandida growth when compared to distilled water immersion. This infers that cranberry has anti-adherence property when used both as a polymer constituent material as well as disinfectant solution.

A novel rat model of denture stomatitis and the role of antibiotics in the development of the disease.

This study compared different conditions to establish a rat model of denture stomatitis. Immunocompetent Wistar rats were divided into two groups (n=35): Tetracycline=administration of 0.83mg/ml of tetracycline hydrochloride 7 days before induction of denture stomatitis and amoxicillin=administration of 0.156mg/ml of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid 4 days before induction of denture stomatitis. A suspension of Candida albicans was inoculated on the palate followed by the use of a palatal device contaminated with C. albicans inoculum for 4 days to induce denture stomatitis. As controls, some rats were not submitted to any procedure or used a sterile palatal device for 4 days. The development of denture stomatitis was confirmed by visual analysis, colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml) count, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses, and through myeloperoxidase (MPO) and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) assays. Rats were euthanized right after device removal (T0), 4 (T4), or 6 (T6) days after device removal. Tetracycline improved the development of the disease, with more severe clinical signs at T0. Similar results were observed in the CFU/ml count and in the histometric and immunohistochemical analyses. Higher MPO expression was detected in the palates of the tetracycline group (P=.006). Despite the subtle differences between antibiotics, tetracycline showed better results in inducing and maintaining denture stomatitis for at least 4 days after device removal.

Individual and Synergistic Effects of Tea Tree Oil and Neem Extract on Candida albicans Adhesion to Denture Soft Liner.

BackgroundInflammation is present in denture stomatitis. Denture stomatitis's etiology is complex, but there is evidence that it is brought on by Candida albicans growing in biofilms on its surface.ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine and assess the effectiveness of several herbal products, such as tea tree oil and neem extracts, on Candida albicans adhesion to denture soft liners.MethodEach wall of the tissue culture plate was filled with 30 acrylic blocks lined with soft liners, followed by the addition of 0.1 ml of the standardized Candida albicans suspension, which was then left to incubate for 48 hours. Each specimen was placed in a disinfectant solution for 10 minutes. A colony was counted after 0.1ml of the solution was plated on a sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) plate and cultured for 72 hours. Data were compared using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test.ResultsThe mean colony forming units (CFU) per ml for combined tea tree oil and neem extract was least (0.40), followed by tea tree oil (2.30), followed by neem extract (30.33). The treated blocks were effective in reducing the growth of Candida albicans.ConclusionCombining tea tree oil and neem extract significantly reduced the growth of Candida albicans, suggesting a new form of intraoral effective antifungal treatment.

Effect of Candida albicans Suspension on the Mechanical Properties of Denture Base Acrylic Resin.

Yeast-like fungi such as Candida albicans (C. albicans) are the primary pathogenic microorganism in the oral cavity of denture wearers. The research available so far, conducted according to a protocol based on the exposure of specimens to a C. albicans suspension and their cutting with water cooling, shows that hard polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) prosthetic materials are not only surface colonized, but also penetrated by microorganisms in a short time. This justifies the hypothesis that exposure to a suspension of the C. albicans strain causes the changes in mechanical properties due to surface colonization and/or penetration of the samples. In the current study, the chosen mechanical properties (flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength, impact strength, ball indentation hardness, and surface Vickers hardness at 300 g load) of the PMMA denture base material Vertex RS (Vertex-Dental, The Netherlands) exposed for 30, 60, and 90 days to a suspension of C. albicans were investigated. The potential penetration of yeast was examined on the fractured surfaces (interior of specimens) to eliminate the risk of the contamination of samples during cutting. There was no influence on the flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength, impact strength, or ball indentation hardness, but a significant decrease in surface hardness was registered. Microscopic observations did not confirm the penetration of C. albicans. On the surface, blastospores and pseudohyphae were observed in crystallized structures and in traces after grinding, which indicates that in clinical conditions, it is not penetration but the deterioration of surface quality, which may lead to the formation of microareas that are difficult to disinfect, causing rapid recolonization.

Effect of Different Nanoparticles Incorporation in Acrylic Based Soft Liner on Candida albicans Adhesion

Aims: To evaluate the effect of the addition of MgO, ZrO2, ZnO nanoparticles in different concentration to acrylic based soft liner on candida Albicans adhesion. Materials and methods: acrylic-based soft-liner samples were prepared (10 X10 X 2mm dimension) by addition MgO, ZrO2, ZnO nanoparticles in 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 % by weight concentration to the monomer resin, the samples were immersed in Candida Albicans suspension for 1 hour then washed and dried, the microorganism were fixed and stained by crystal violet and examined by light microscope (at 400 x) to enumerate the stained candida Albicans in two occasions for thirty fields of view. Result: soft liner with 1,2,4 % by weight demonstrated that a decreased the surface adhesion of candida Albicans when compared with control group while specimens with lower concentration (0.25, 0.5% by weight) show no significant difference from control. Conclusion: addition of nanoparticles in 1,2,4 % concentration of weight to acrylic based soft liner impaired the adhesion properties of Candida Albicans, and reduce fungal induced denture stomatitis.

Evaluation of Candida Albicans Adhesion to Two Different Types of Acrylic Resin

Background and Aim: A common infection in complete or partial denture wearers is denture stomatitis. One of the most important factors in the adhesion of Candida albicans is the surface and chemical properties of the denture base materials. The aim of this study was to investigate the surface roughness and adhesion of Candida albicans to two different types of acrylic materials. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 16 samples were prepared from each of Vertex and Ivoclar acrylic resin. The surface roughness of the samples was measured by a profilometer. The samples were then placed in a cell suspension of Candida albicans. After incubation and staining with acridine orange, the yeast cells attached to the acrylic samples were counted using a fluorescent microscope. Data were statistically analyzed by T-test. Ethical considerations: This article is approved by the ethics committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences with the ethics code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1398.301. Findings: There was no statistically significant difference in the mean of surface roughness between the two study groups (P = 0.311). However, Candida albicans colonization in ivoclar acrylic was significantly lower than vertex acrylic. (P = 0.000). Conclusion: Differences in surface topography and physical and chemical properties of Vertex and Ivoclar acrylic resin affect the adhesion of Candida albicans.

The effect of iron dextran injection on oral candidiasis symptoms in experimental iron deficiency anemia of laboratory rats

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common type of anemia that causes various health problems and is commonly companied by oral symptoms, including oral thrush from Candida infection. The study assessed the role of iron status in the pathogenicity of oral candidiasis in an animal model. IDA in rats was produced by feeding on iron-free diet (five weeks), followed by inducing oral candidiasis by Candida albicans suspension. After the infection, animal subgroups were treated by intramuscular injection (IM) of iron dextran (ID) at 2 and 4 mg/kg once a week for three weeks and normal saline injection for comparison. Blood parameters test and tongue histopathological study were conducted. The IDA parameters and the oral thrush lesions were detected in experimental rats. IM of 2 mg ID diminished oral white patches and improved blood hemoglobin (14.533 g/dl), serum iron (109.177 μg/dl), and serum ferritin (5.276 ng/ml) and decreased total iron-binding capacity (377.000 μg/dl). Tongue sections showed normal tongue papillae, reduced inflammation and regular keratin deposition on papillae. At a 4 mg dose, despite the improvement in the blood parameters, a mild reduction was found in tongue thrush by less normal appearance of tongue papillae sections, mild inflammatory cells and hyperplasia of squamous epithelium. The study findings indicate that iron status plays a critical role in the treatment of oral thrush infection.

PERBEDAAN JUMLAH KOLONI CANDIDA ALBICANS PADA RESIN AKRILIK DAN NILON TERMOPLASTIK DALAM PERENDAMAN EKSTRAK DAUN SIRSAK

Introduction: Denture stomatitis is a chronic inflammation caused by wearing dentures, mainly caused by Candida albicans. Heat-polymerized acrylic resins are often used as denture bases, but lack the ability to absorb liquids due to their porosity and surface roughness. The basis of the latest dentures is thermoplastic nylon because it is more aesthetically, hypoallergenic and more flexible. Soursop leaf extract contains alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and saponins as antifungal. The purpose of this study was to examinate whether there were differences in the number of Candida albicans colonies on heat-polymerized acrylic resin plates and thermoplastic nylon in soursop leaf extract immersion. Materials and Methods: The research design was an experimental pre-post test with control group design, n = 50 plates were divided into 2 groups, heat-polymerized acrylic resin (n=25) and thermoplastic nylon (n=25), divided into 5 groups, 3 treatment groups using 10%,15%,25% soursop leaf extract, Fittident®and aquadest in the control groups. Samples were contaminated with Candida albicans suspension and incubated, counted before immersion for 8 hours, then put in Saboroud’s bath and counted again. Results and Discussions: Wilcoxon test analysis showed significant differences in all groups, except the aquadest group. The Mann-Whitney test showed significant differences between the treatment groups, except between the 25% extract and the Fittident®control group. Also, showed a significant difference in the 15% concentration group between heat-polymerized acrylic resin and thermoplastic nylon. Conclusion:There was a difference in the decrease in the number of Candida albicans colonies on heat-polymerized acrylic resin plates and thermoplastic nylon in soursop leaf extract at a concentration of 15%, while at concentrations of 10% and 25% there was no difference

Antifungal activity of Ocimum gratissimum L., Lantana camara L. & Pteleopsis suberosa Engl. & Dies used in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in Benin

BackgroundVulvovaginal candidiasis is a widespread mycotic infection that affects a large proportion of women of childbearing age. Its management in traditional medicine is based on the use of medicinal plants. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of Ocimum gratissimum L., Lantana camara L. and Pteleopsis suberosa Engl. & Diels used in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in Benin.ResultsThe data obtained from the in vitro antifungal test show that the strains tested (ATCC 90028 and two clinical strains: 1MA and 3MA) were more sensitive to aqueous extracts with a better effect for Pteleopsis suberosa. This potential of the tested extracts correlated with their richness in total polyphenols. The extract of the Pteleopsis suberosa was very active on the inhibition of the reference strain ATCC 90028. On the clinical strains (1MA and 3MA) the aqueous extract of Pteleopsis suberosa showed a better MIC on the 1MA strain. In vivo model, inoculation of 100 µL of the concentrated Candida albicans suspension 1.5 × 105 UFC/mL induced the candidiasis of the female Wistar rat. The treatment with the aqueous extract of Pteleopsis suberosa, like fluconazole (reference drug), significantly reduced Candida albicans infection at a dose of 100 mg/kg after 1, 7 and 13 days of treatment.ConclusionThis study revealed the potential antifungal of the Ocimum gratissimum, Lantana camara and Pteleopsis suberosa. Pteleopsis suberosa has better antifungal activity in vitro and in vivo. These observations justify the use of their medicinal plant in the traditional treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in Benin.

Fungicidal activity of grapefruit seed extract against the pathogenic Candida species causing oral candidiasis

This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of grapefruit seed extract (GSE) against Candida species and to confirm the biological safety. Two-fold serial dilutions of GSE or miconazole were prepared. Cell suspensions of Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, or Candida parapsilosis were added to each diluted solution, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined. The MFC/MIC ratio was calculated to determine whether the substance had a fungistatic or fungicidal activity. Each Candida species treated with GSE were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and fluorescence microscopy. The effect of GSE on EpiOral™, a three-dimensional tissue model, was assessed by tissue viability assay and histological analysis. GSE was applied to the mandibular gingiva of Japanese white rabbits, and the gingival tissues were histopathologically assessed. GSE demonstrated a fungicidal effect against all tested Candida species, whereas miconazole demonstrated a fungicidal effect against only C. albicans. SEM images showed various cell damage patterns in GSE-treated Candida cells. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that almost all Candida cells were killed by GSE-treated. EpiOral™ treated with GSE showed no effect on the tissue viability and there was no remarkable difference between GSE and control groups in the histological analysis. The histopathological observation in the oral mucosa treated with GSE showed no significant histopathological changes. Taken together, GSE has a fungicidal activity against C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis, and no adverse effects were observed in vitro and in vivo.

Effect and Safety of Cinnamaldehyde on Immunosuppressed Mice with Invasive Pulmonary Candidiasis.

To evaluate the effect and safety of cinnamaldehyde on immunosuppressed mice with invasive pulmonary candidiasis. An immunosuppressed BALB/c mouse model was established by intraperitoneal administration of cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg) once daily for 2 days. The immunosuppressed mouse with invasive pulmonary candidiasis model was further established by nasal perfusion of Candida albicans suspension. In the cinnamaldehyde treatment group, immunosuppressed mice with invasive pulmonary candidiasis were orally given cinnamaldehyde 240 mg/(kg·d) for 14 consecutive days. Fluconazole and 0.9% saline were used as the positive and negative controls, respectively. The mice in the cinnamaldehyde safety evaluation group were orally administered cinnamaldehyde 480 mg/(kg·d) for 42 days to observe the safety of the drug. Microscopic identification, fungal culture, histopathological examination, and (1,3)-beta-D-glucans detection were conducted to analyze the effect of cinnamaldehyde on C. albicans. The fungal clearance rate in the cinnamaldehyde treatment group was higher than that in the fluconazole control group (80.00% vs. 56.67%, P<0.05). The level of (1,3)-β-D-glucan in the cinnamaldehyde treatment group was lower than that in the fluconazole positive control group (1160.62 ±89.65 pg/mL vs. 4285.87 ± 215.62 pg/mL, P<0.05). The survival rate of mice in the cinnamaldehyde safety evaluation group was 100%, and no significant pathological changes of kidney, lung and liver were observed. Cinnamaldehyde was effective and safe in treating immunosuppressed BALB/c mice with invasive pulmonary candidiasis. It would be a potentially novel drug for anti-candidiasis infection.

Avaliação da adesão de Candida albicans na superfície de resinas acrílicas termopolimerizáveis tratadas com glaze fotopolimerizável e/ou adição de nanopartículas de sílica

Objetivo: Avaliar a adesão de Candida albicans na superfície do poli(metilmetacrilato de metila) após adição de nanopartículas de sílica 0,5% e/ou selamento com glaze. Materiais e métodos: Foram confeccionados 40 corpos de provas com dimensões de 65 mm × 10 mm × 2,5 mm, subdivididos em 4 grupos: grupo controle (G1); grupo sílica (0,5% de sílica ) (G2), grupo glaze (G3), grupo sílica (0,5% peso de sílica) + glaze (G4). Os corpos de prova foram imersos separadamente em tubos Falcon que continham uma solução previamente padronizada contendo 107 células/ml e incubados a 37 °C em aerobiose por 90 minutos. Após este período, os corpos foram removidos e, posteriormente, analisou-se a adesão fúngica por meio da contagem de Unidades Formadoras de Colônia. Para análise dos dados foi utilizado o teste de ANOVA One-way seguido de comparações múltiplas pelo teste de Tukey (P ≤ 0,05). Resultados: O grupo G1 apresentou diferença estatística significativa para aderência fúngica em comparação aos grupos G2, G3 e G4 (P ≤ 0,0001). Quando comparados os grupos G2, G3 e G4 entre si, não se observou diferença entre eles. Conclusões: A adição de sílica e/ou glaze sobre a superfície do poli(metilmetacrilato de metila) diminui a adesão da Candida albicans, servindo de estratégia para redução dos índices de lesões bucais ocasionadas pelo uso de próteses odontológicas acrílicas.

A comparison of the severity of oral candidiasis between gestational and type 1 diabetes mellitus

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder caused by insufficient insulin production due to pancreatic β cell destruction, whereas in gestational diabetics an increase of hormone estrogen induces insulin resistance. Oral candidiasis constitutes an opportunistic fungal infection due to a compromised immune system that is a medical condition reported by diabetics, including those suffering from gestational diabetes. Purpose: To determine the severity of oral candidiasis in female Wistar rats with type 1 and gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods: This research constituted a laboratory experiment incorporating a post test-only group control design whose subjects were female Wistar rats divided along the following lines: group 1 consisted of diabetic non-pregnant rats, group 2 contained diabetic pregnant rats induced by streptozotocin and the control group members constituted normal female rats. Diabetes induction was performed by means of 40 mg/kgBW streptozotocin administrated intraperitoneally. Diabetes mellitus was confirmed when the blood glucose level ≥ 120 mg/dL. All groups were exposed to 0.2 ml Candida albicans suspension (5x108 CFU/ml) in the oral buccal vestibule between the distal incisors and mesial maxillary first molar for three days. A swab was performed on the third day after final exposure before the samples were observed under a light microscope. Candida albicans cultivation and calculation of the resulting colonies was carried out on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar after they had been identified by means of a germ tube test. Results: The result confirmed the absence of hyphae in the control group, while in group 1 all samples contained hyphae. Moreover, group 2 featured a dense hyphae population. A chi-square test indicated a statistical significance (p&lt;0.05) between all groups. Conclusion: Oral candidiasis in gestational diabetes is more severe than that occurring during type 1 diabetes mellitus.

The Effectiveness of Nigella Sativa Alcoholic Extract on the Inhibition of Candida Albicans Colonization and Formation of Plaque on Acrylic Denture Plates: an In Vitro Study.

Statement of the Problem: Due to growing concerns on complications of chemical drugs, the use of herbal extracts has been considered as denture cleaning solutions. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in-vitro effects of Nigella sativa on the cleansing of the formation of Candida albicans plaque on the acrylic resin pieces. Materials and Method: In this experimental study, 30 pieces of acrylic resin were contaminated by Candida albicans suspension. Then, the acrylic pieces were randomly divided into six groups and treated with 0.2, 0.4, 20, and 200 mg/ml of Nigella sativa, 100,000 units of nystatin (positive control), and distilled water (negative control) for 8 hours. At the end of the exposure period of the drugs, the rinse solution from acrylic pieces was cultured in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and the average of the colonies from each group was compared. Results: The average number of colonies obtained at concentrations of 0.2, 0.4, 20, and 200 mg/ml of Nigella sativa were 122.6, 117.8, 73.4, and 14.4 colonies, respectively, as compared to distilled water (141.6) and nystatin (0) that had a significant difference (p< 0.001). Conclusion: Nigella sativa extract at definite concentration is capable of clearing dental prosthesis, but compared to nystatin, it is weaker. However, due to the indirect immune-regulatory effects of Nigella sativa, it is suggested that other studies be conducted to investigate the therapeutic properties of Nigella sativa from the aspects of antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and oral ulcer healing in candida oral lesions.

Fluorescence spectroscopy of Candida albicans biofilms in bone cavities treated with photodynamic therapy using blue LED (450 nm) and curcumin.

Fluorescence spectroscopy may assisst in the diagnosis and control of infectious processes associated with bone lesions of the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to analyze, through fluorescence spectroscopy, Candida albicans biofilms formed in artificial bone cavities treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated with 450-nm blue light-emitting diode (LED) and curcumin. Another aim of this study was to analyze the existence of a correlation between the effectiveness of the photodynamic treatments and the fluorescence spectroscopy images. Artificial bone lesions (n = 40) were made in bovine bones and inoculated with standard suspensions of Candida albicans (ATCC 18804) for biofilm formation (14 days / 36 °C ± 1 °C). The 40 specimens were distributed among four experimental groups (n = 10): L-C- (control), L + C- (LED for 5 min), L-C+ (curcumin for 5 min), and L + C+ (PDT). Aliquots of 100 μL were collected from the bone cavities after treatments and were seeded in duplicate on Sabouraud dextrose agar for 24 h at 36 °C ± 1 °C and the colony-forming units (CFU/ mL) were counted. Before and after each treatment, the specimens were subjected to spectral fluorescence and the images were compared using the Image J program. The log10 CFU/mL were compared with Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's Multiple Comparison post-test (significance level at 0.05). The fluorescence histogram values before and after treatment were compared using Wilcoxon test (95%).The correlation between Candida albicans log10 CFU/mL and the number of the fluorescence red pixels spectroscopy was verified using Spearman correlation test. The reduction of Candida albicans log10 CFU/mL in the L + C+ (PDT) group was the most relevant and the fluorescence spectroscopy was correlated to the microbiological result. It was concluded that there was a consistency between the number of Candida albicans log10 CFU/mL and the red pixel data of the fluorescence images, demonstrating that the fluorescence diagnostic device reflects the true microbiological condition of Candida albicans biofilms in the bone cavities during the pre-treatment and post-treatment, thus providing the clinician the ability to dynamically, simply, and instantaneously verify the performance of the treatment used.