Suspension Loop Research Articles

First Report of Xanthomonas campestris Causing Leaf Blight on Buttercup (Ranunculus asiaticus) in South Carolina, USA.

Buttercup (Ranunculus asiaticus L.) is a popular and high value ornamental species grown in landscapes and gardens and as cut flowers. It is mostly cultivated in Europe, the Mediterranean, and the Americas (Beruto and Debergh, 2004). In January 2022, leaf blight was observed on approximately 24 of forty 4-month-old R. asiaticus plants grown in a high tunnel at a cut flower farm located in Anderson County, South Carolina, USA. Symptoms included irregular, vein-limited, and necrotic leaf lesions and yellowing. Some lesions had a chlorotic halo. Two diseased plants were submitted to the Clemson University Plant and Pest Diagnostic Clinic. Symptomatic leaves were surface sterilized with 10% bleach for 1 min and rinsed in sterile water. Small leaf portions (1 × 1 cm2) were excised from the margin of lesions. They were macerated in 500 µl of sterile water and incubated at room temperature for 10 min. A loopful of suspension was streaked on nutrient agar (NA). Slightly convex, yellowish-mucoid colonies appeared after incubation at 28°C for 48 h. Two isolates, 23A and 23B, from two plants were obtained by transferring single colonies to new NA plates. Both isolates were identified as X. campestris (probability values > 0.8) using a Biolog Microbial Identification System (GEN III Microplate; Identification Database v.2.8.0.15G). PCR amplification of these two isolates were performed for housekeeping genes gyrB, rpoD, and dnaK (Young et al. 2008). The amplicon sequences (GenBank accession nos.: OR101193 and OR101194 [dnaK]; OR101195 and OR101196 [gyrB]; OR101197 and OR101198 [rpoD]) were identical between the two isolates based on sequence alignment in MEGA11 (Tamura et al. 2021). Nucleotide BLAST of these three genes showed 94.6 to 98.9% identity (dnaK: 912 of 922 bp; gyrB: 827 of 839 bp; rpoD: 803 of 849 bp) with 100% coverage with the Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris type strain (AE008922). A neighbor joining phylogenetic tree with the concatenated sequences of these three genes showed that 23A and 23B had the closest match with X. campestris pv. campestris. However, these two isolates tested negative in the probe-based qPCR assay specific for X. campestris pv. campestris with only the positive control amplified (Köhl et al. 2011), suggesting that they may belong to a new pathovar of X. campestris. To confirm the pathogenicity of these isolates, three healthy R. asiaticus plants each were spray inoculated with suspensions of 23A and 23B in sterile tap water until runoff (OD600 = 0.1, approx. 108 CFU/ml). The non-inoculated control plants received a sterile tap water spray. The experiment was conducted twice. All plants were maintained in a growth chamber at 24°C with 10-h photoperiod. Seven to 15 days after inoculation, necrotic lesions with chlorotic halo and leaf yellowing, similar to those observed in the field, were observed on inoculated plants, while the non-inoculated control plants remained symptomless. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by reisolating the bacteria from the symptomatic plants and confirming the bacterial identity with the sequence analysis described above. The disease was first reported in California in 1996 (Azad et al. 1996) but to the best of our knowledge has not been reported again in the United States. This is the first report of X. campestris causing bacterial leaf blight in R. asiaticus in South Carolina. Since more than 50% of the flower producers/farmers grow Ranunculus in South Carolina, further work is necessary to determine how widespread the disease is and its economic impact.

Ovarian suspension loop: an assembled device for ovarian lifting and immobilization during laparoscopic cystectomy

The mobility and smooth surface of the ovaries can pose a challenge during laparoscopic cystectomy, with difficulties in manipulation and visualization. We describe assembling a device for ovarian lifting and immobilization that utilizes a nylon suture and a “scalp vein set” to create a loop. The loop can be passed into the pelvic cavity and then slid beneath the ovary, elevating and stabilizing it during surgery without the need to puncture the ovarian tissue or grabbing and damage the utero-ovarian infundibulopelvic ligaments. This device is inexpensive, and its components are easily accessible. This assembled device prevents repetitive falling of the ovary into the pelvic cavity, facilitates laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy, and saves operative time.

“Armour fragment” from the Szentes-Lapistó early Avar period burial – Data for saddle types of the Early Avar Age Transtisza region

In the 6th–7th century, elites of Eastern Europe and the Carpathian Basin used similar objects to represent their power – mainly the swords with P-shaped suspension loops and horse harnesses. Of the latter, this paper concerns saddles, to the pommel of which a rectangular piece of chainmail was installed, often further ornamented with bronze and silver fittings. The artefact from Szentes-Lapistó, originally described by Dezső Csallány as a “neck-covering net” can be identified as one of these ornaments.

Human-Hair Bifurcated Tumplines from Old Man Cave, Utah

Unwrapping a bundle of Basketmaker II textiles from Old Man Cave disclosed two examples of a previously undocumented textile form: bifurcated tumplines. At more than twice the width of standard tumplines, these warp-faced plain weave bands of human hair cordage have one flat end, with the other splitting into two separate parallel bands—one longer and the other shorter. Both narrow bands terminate in tumpline suspension loops. Strains, breaks, and repairs indicate that these textiles served to carry loads. Rather than suspending the weight from the head and resting it on the back, this tumpline suspended weight in front with the textile draped over the shoulder. Knowledge of this new tumpband form allowed identification of an additional example in a museum. Radiocarbon dating confirms the Basketmaker II temporal affiliation. Final use of the Old Man Cave bifurcated tumplines was as a pair and likely related to transporting bodies for burial.

Dazzle, Dangle, and Jangle: Sensory Effects of Scandinavian Gold Bracteates

Abstract Small pendant discs known as Scandinavian gold bracteates are visually impressive indicators of status and identity during the early medieval Migration Period (c. 450–550 CE). Much of the emphasis in bracteate studies has been on typological classification and iconographic interpretation of the pictures, along with decipherment of the inscriptions, yet the sensory impression made by bracteates has been neglected. For decades, archaeologists considered it futile to speculate on the experiential; however, recent research has begun to contend with the materiality of senses and emotions in the past. In this paper, I focus on the both sensory effect of experiencing the pendants and the emotional impact of the objects on those who wore and handled them. Since bracteates are often discovered in women’s graves and show evidence of wear on their suspension loops, it is assumed that these objects were actually used in life. A spotlight on agency turns the study of bracteates from an emphasis on typology, iconography, and runology to trace instead the agency and multisensory effects of these objects on people and the effects of people’s actions on these items. This allows an examination of how bracteates were entangled with the senses and emotions of those who made, wore, and gazed upon these small but important objects. I consider what it may have felt like to make, receive, wear, lose, or bequeath a bracteate – or to deposit it into a bog or a grave.

Retracted: Analysis of Suspension and Guidance System of EDS Maglev Based on a Novel Magnetomotive Force Model

Due to the existence of the end effect of vehicle coils in the electrodynamic suspension (EDS) maglev, the fluctuation of the output parameters of the suspension and guidance system is common, which has an impact on the stability of the motor driving system. In this article, considering the end effect of vehicle coils, a new magnetomotive force (M.M.F) distribution model suitable for the suspension and guidance system of EDS maglev is proposed. First, considering the end effect of vehicle coils, an M.M.F model of array of vehicle coils is established. Then, based on the space harmonic method and the equivalent circuit of suspension and guidance loop, the expressions of levitation current, guidance current, drag force, levitation force, levitation stiffness, guidance force, and guidance stiffness are presented. Finally, the characteristics of the suspension and guidance system are analyzed under different running conditions. The numerical results are compared with the 3-D finite-element method simulation results and the experimental results of the Yamanashi test line. The relative error is almost within 10%, which verified the feasibility and accuracy of the M.M.F model and analytical method.

Breaking News! Making and testing Bronze Age balance scales

This interdisciplinary paper (archaeology, macromolecular chemistry and material science) investigates the production and load-bearing capacities of Bronze Age balance scales.The existence of weighing equipment and practices in Late Bronze Age Europe has been proven beyond doubt. Although hundreds of balance weights from Central and Western Europe have recently been identified in the archaeological record, balance scales are still extremely rare. Consisting of balance beams, suspension cords, scale pans and sometimes metal suspension loops, the only evidence found to date are 18 complete and fragmented balance beams. Made of bone or antler, these balance beams are often perceived as extremely fragile and only able to weigh-out minute loads. This, however, had never been tested. In order to understand exactly how Bronze Age balances were made, of what materials and how much load they could bear, a number of replica balance beams, suspension cords and metal loops were created. The load-bearing capacity was then tested with two standard material sciences testing methods: three-point bending tests and uniaxial tensile testing.

Improving the Female Silhouette and Gluteal Projection: An Anatomy-Based, Safe, and Harmonious Approach Through Liposuction, Suspension Loops, and Moderate Lipofilling.

Liposuction is the main technique to improve body contour, emphasize appealing curves, and highlight one's muscular definition. The number of procedures in which the harvested fat is utilized for gluteal augmentation has greatly increased. The authors aim to demonstrate their technique in order to obtain a sculpted harmonious body through a safe procedure, as well as review their 101 consecutive cases between 2014 and 2018. Anatomical guidelines and preoperative markings were provided to guide the 3-step procedure: zones of maximal and mild liposuction, barbed wire suspension, and moderate fat grafting. Novel concepts are introduced as the anterior body diagonal, posterior body diagonal as well as other specific axes the pubic unit, and a vertical ratio for the buttock, which are the basic foundations for sculpting the female body into a pleasing hourglass shape with a well projected buttock. Recommendations for location of sacral diamond, sacral dimples, and the maximally projected point of the buttock are given. The authors explain their philosophy through 4 principles: knowledge of anatomy, the relationship between specific body areas and surrounding zones, a balanced gluteal augmentation is not achieved through large volume fat grafting alone, and grafting in the subcutaneous layer. A total of 101 patients were treated following the described technique and examples are shown. The complication rate was low. No serious adverse effects were recorded apart from 1 ruptured suspension loop. The described anatomy-based approach, including liposuction, suspension loops, and fat grafting, is a novel and safe technique leading to a desirable, long-lasting outcome.

Biomechanical Evaluation of a Novel Loop Retention Mechanism for Cortical Graft Fixation in ACL Reconstruction.

Background:Implant fixation by means of a cortical fixation device (CFD) has become a routine procedure in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. There is no clear consensus whether adjustable-length CFDs are more susceptible to loop lengthening when compared with pretied fixed-length CFDs.Purpose:To assess biomechanical performance measures of 3 types of CFDs when subjected to various loading protocols.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:Three types of CFDs underwent biomechanical testing: 1 fixed length and 2 adjustable length. One of the adjustable-length devices is based on the so-called finger trap mechanism, and the other is based on a modified sling lock mechanism. A device-only test of 5000 cycles (n = 8 per group) and a tendon-device test of 1000 cycles (n = 8 per group) with lower and upper force limits of 50 and 250 N, respectively, were applied, followed by ramp-to-failure testing. Adjustable-length devices then underwent further cyclic testing with complete loop unloading (n = 5 per group) at each cycle, as well as fatigue testing (n = 3 per group) over a total of 1 million cycles. Derived mechanical parameters were compared among the devices for statistical significance using Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance followed by post hoc Mann-Whitney U testing with Bonferroni correction.Results:All CFDs showed elongation <2 mm after 5000 cycles when tested in an isolated manner and withstood ultimate tensile forces in excess of estimated peak in vivo forces. In both device-only and tendon-device tests, differences in cyclic performance were found among the devices, favoring adjustable-length fixation devices over the fixed-length device. Completely unloading the suspension loops, however, led to excessive loop lengthening of the finger trap device, whereas the modified sling lock device remained stable throughout the test. The fixed-length device displayed superior ultimate strength over both adjustable-length devices. Both adjustable-length devices showed adequate fatigue behavior during high-cyclic testing.Conclusion:All tested devices successfully prevented critical construct elongation when tested with constant tension and withstood ultimate loads in excess of estimated in vivo forces during the rehabilitation phase. The finger trap device gradually lengthened excessively when completely unloaded during cyclic testing.Clinical Relevance:Critical loop lengthening may occur if adjustable-length devices based on the finger trap mechanism are repeatedly unloaded in situ.

Adjustable Loop Femoral Cortical Suspension Devices for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a common sports injury. Symptomatic knee instability after this injury is usually treated operatively through ACL reconstruction. The surgery involves a tendon graft being fixed in bony tunnels drilled through femur and tibia. The fixation of the graft is of critical importance to achieving good results. One of the commonest devices used to fix the graft in the femoral bony tunnel is a fixed loop cortical suspensory device. More recently, adjustable loop cortical suspension devices have been introduced, and have gained popularity for ACL reconstruction. These allow for adjusting the length of the suspension loop after insertion. There is currently much debate concerning whether the adjustable loop devices are superior or inferior to the fixed loop devices. To critique and review the current biomechanical and clinical evidence on the use of adjustable loop devices in hamstring ACL reconstruction. To our knowledge, there have been no previous reviews of this topic. Systematic review. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA. Five databases were searched using multiple search terms and MeSH terms where possible. The following limits were applied: papers published in English and papers published in the last 21years. Eleven laboratory and six clinical studies were reviewed. The laboratory-based studies have frequently shown elongation of adjustable loop devices to more than 3mm under loading protocols, whereas the clinical studies have not shown any significant differences between the patients with fixed loop and the ones with adjustable loop devices. This review shows a discrepancy between laboratory-based and clinical studies. The review of clinical studies in our paper would give future researchers confidence and act as a prompt to construct randomised clinical trials to investigate these devices further. We feel that more robust clinical randomised studies and trials are needed to evaluate these new devices.

Modeling and compensation of cross-axis coupling in an electrostatic accelerometer for testing the equivalence principle.

Electrostatic accelerometers have extremely high sensitivity and are ideal scientific instruments for measuring very weak acceleration. In particular, a single-sensitive-axis electrostatic accelerometer can be used for testing the equivalence principle in space. Sensitive-axis capacitances formed by axial electrodes and a cylindrical proof mass vary with the axial motion of the mass and are also affected by radial motion, which results in cross-axis coupling disturbances. A quantitative model is built to analyze the cross-axis coupling effect on the sensitive axis from the radial suspension loop, including a nonlinear model for large radial motion and a linear model for small radial motion. Frequency response simulation shows that the cross-axis coupling effect for a small signal case arises mostly in the high-frequency range. Experiments are carried out with a ground-based electrostatic accelerometer made of a single, non-rotating test cylinder, and in this case, the experimental results are utilized to verify the mathematical model. Cross-axis coupling for small signal perturbations is virtually removed if the equilibrium position of the proof mass is calibrated to the null position of the sensor cage. In addition, data post-processing can further attenuate the cross-axis coupling disturbances when dealing with large radial motion. The cross-axis coupling disturbances on both the position and the acceleration measurement signals in the sensitive axis are mostly removed in ground-based experiments. The proposed model and compensation can be extended to space equivalence principle instruments and other electrostatic accelerometers with a cylindrical proof mass.

Design of an Active Disturbance Rejection Control for Drag-Free Satellite

This paper addresses the problem of designing an active disturbance rejection controller for a high accuracy drag-free satellite with cubic test mass. The uncertain model of the drag-free satellite is defined. The performance requirement imposed on the acceleration of the test mass is broken down into specification of drag-free and suspension loop because of the disturbance decoupling controller, which is based on the linear active disturbance rejection control technique. We derive two-degree internal model control structure of ADRC, which is used for robust stability verification. Search programs determine the parameters that satisfy system stability and the performance requirement. The design technique has shown to be robust to the perturbation of the system and good performance in disturbance suppressing. To check the design of the controller, an overall simulation is preformed, and the results confirmed that the controller is able to meet the system requirements.

The Common People and Material Relics of Antiquity the Afterlife of Ancient Coins in the Territory of Present-Day Poland in the Medieval and Modern Periods

Ancient coinage, almost exclusively Roman denarii from the 1st or 2nd century AD, constitutes a small percentage of hoards and other assemblages dated (with the latest coins present) to either the Middle Ages or to the modern period in the territory of present-day Poland. Such finds can be seen as strongly indicating that ancient coinage did function as means of payment at that time. This hypothesis is further supported by written sources. Moreover, ancient coins have also been recorded at other sites in medieval and modern period contexts e.g. in burial sites, which are less easy to interpret than hoards. Finds often include pierced coins and others showing suspension loops, which suggests they may have been used as amulets, jewellery or devotional medals. Other finds, such as Roman coins placed in alms boxes in modern period churches in Silesia, also point to a religious context. At the same time, written sources attest that at least since the Late Middle Ages, Roman denarii were known to common people as ‘St John’s pennies’. The name is associated with a Christian interpretation of the image of the emperor’s head on the coin, resembling that of John the Baptist on a silver platter.

Kirkemosegård – Et offerfund med smykker fra ældre germansk jernalder

Kirkemosegård – Et offerfund med smykker fra ældre germansk jernalder

First Report of Bacterial Spot Caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria on Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in Saudi Arabia.

In the summer of 2009 and 2010, 18 sweet pepper fruit with blister-like, raised, rough lesions were collected from four greenhouses (total of 0.1 ha) in the Al-Kharj region of Saudi Arabia. All samples were collected from commercial crops of the sweet pepper cv. California Wonder. Disease incidence was ≤5%. Isolations were made from all diseased fruits. A small piece (3 mm2) of symptomatic tissue from pepper fruit was placed in a sterile mortar and macerated in sterile distilled water with a pestle. A loopful of bacterial suspension from each sample was streaked onto Tween B agar medium (3). Plates were incubated at 28°C for 48 h. Single yellow, circular, butyrous, shiny colonies were picked from the plates and transferred to nutrient agar plates containing 5% D+ glucose agar (NGA). Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria were consistently isolated from the fruit and 10 of the isolates were identified as Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria on the basis of morphological, physiological, and biochemical tests (1,2). The isolates were oxidase positive and levan negative, arginine-dihydrolase positive, and did not macerate potato discs. The isolates were also non-fluorescent, grew at 37 and 4°C but not at 40°C, did not liquefy gelatine or starch, but did produce H2S. The identity of the 10 bacterial strains was confirmed by PCR assay using primers RST65 and RST69 (4). Four-week old pepper plants (cv. California Wonder) were inoculated by spraying five potted plants with each isolate using a bacterial suspension (108 CFU/ml). Sterile distilled water was sprayed on an additional five plants as a negative control treatment. The bacterial isolates caused necrotic lesions, each with a yellow halo, on leaves of inoculated plants. Bacteria reisolated from the necrotic lesions using the technique previously described were identical to the original strains according to the morphological, cultural, and biochemical tests described above. Negative control plants inoculated with sterile distilled water did not show symptoms and no bacterial colonies were recovered from them. To our knowledge, this is the first report of bacterial spot on pepper fruits in Saudi Arabia.

Tipuri de artefacte folosite la ornamentarea gulerului, ȋmbrăcăminte şi la centură: pandantivi şi butoni/nasturi

Abstract The types of artefacts used on dressing ornaments during the IXth-XIth centuries, discovered in the Danubian Basin, were various as form, ornament and materials. They were used at dressing ornaments (the buttons and the appliqués), ornaments for belts, harnesses or shoes. These dressing ornaments pieces are: the buckles-various types, appliqués, buttons, each of them with many forms. The pendants (bell-shaped heart-shaped, lunular-shaped) buckles were commonly used on clothes and harnesses. Heart-shaped pendants were found on Alba Iulia- Str. Brândușei, Oroszlámos, Timisoara-Cioreni, Klaráfalva, Hodoni-Picioroane, Banatsko Arandelovo, Beba Veche, Moldovenești, Sarretuvari Hizofold. They were made by silver, bronz or silver glinted. These kins of pendants were studied by Csaba Balint. Lunular pendants were found at la Nădlac- Lutărie, Ciumbrud- Podireu, Vukovar Lijeva baram and Puspokladany-Eperjesvolgy. They are usually made by bronz and are decorated with fine incisions and with different motifs. Bell pendants were found at Bocar-Buțak ekonomija, Voiteni, Desk-D, Alba Iulia- Str. Brândușei, Odartsi, Puspokladany-Eperjesvolgy and Vukovar Lijeva baram. They all have at least one suspension loop. A fragmentary mushroom-shaped bronze stud has been discovered at Alba Iulia- Str. Brândușei in grave 41. Similar pieces have been found at Alba Iulia-Stația de Salvare, Bjelo Brdo, Blandiana B, Dvory nad Zitavou, Gomjenica, Hodoni Picioroane andKlostar Podravski, Orăștie. The existing analogies allow a dating of this form în the 10 th and 11th centuries. Another type of sud discovered în Brândușei Street cementery has a spherical body, linked with the hanger through a double muff. The piece is hallow, while its lower side ends with a protuberance-the onion head.

ImmunoStripTMCmmを利用したトマトかいよう病菌の簡易な分離方法

A method to isolate Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) using ImmunoStripTMCmm (IS), a commercial strip to diagnose bacterial canker on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) caused by Cmm, was developed. A distinct positive antigen-antibody reaction line developed for suspensions of Cmm over 2×105 cfu/ml. The Cmm-positive band on the IS was then cut from the strip, friction-ground in 0.1 ml sterilized distilled water, and a loopful of suspension was plated on potato semisynthetic agar for a fairly selective isolation of Cmm.

The Glyptic of the Middle-Late Halaf Period at Domuztepe, Turkey (ca 5755-5450 BC)

The Middle-Late Halaf (ca 5755-5450 BC) stamp seals from Domuztepe in Southeastern Turkey are presented. Four major types of stamp seals are described : 1. Bead seals ; 2. Seals with suspension loops ; 3. Seal-pendants ; 4. Block Seals. The most common seals are those with suspension loops (Type II) made in geometric shapes with incised lines that cross and re-cross each other decorating the seal face. The design principles, such as centering the pattern on the seal face around parallel, intersecting diagonal or intersecting perpendicular lines, were used across the Halaf horizon, suggesting that the seals like the pottery may indicate the participation of the residents of Domuztepe in a larger trans-regional cultural network. Only a few very fragmentary sealings are known from Domuztepe, but they indicate that the seals were used in ways similar to those found at Arpachiyah in the Burnt House where multiple impressions of the same and different seals were discovered. These finds point to a complex system of accountability and/ or exchange in which multiple parties or commodities were involved. Future work at Domuztepe will no doubt clarify the development of glyptic art and administrative practices in the Late 6th through Early 5th millennia. The messages transmitted by intricate geometric patterns that crosscut media and were trans-regional in their distribution will remain difficult to decipher.

Fixation of the graft in reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament

Methods of reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) have developed considerably over the last 15 years. Primary repair and extra-articular procedures have failed to reproduce satisfactory stability of the knee[1][1] and the use of prosthetic ligaments has been abandoned.[2][2] These

ON PHORMISKOI AGAIN

Abstract This article tries to access the possible or alleged connections between the ancient phormiskoi-bags and two other groups of objects commonly called phormiskoi by modern scholarship. First, some two hundred clay gourd-shaped objects produced all over the Central and Eastern Mediterranean. These objects were imitations of gourds or of gourd-made vessels: many have a pebble inside and function as rattles. The symbolic nature of the bottle-gourd is also discussed since most of the clay objects have obvious funerary connotations (they were found in graves, in sanctuaries of underworld deities, or bear funerary decoration). Second, the numerous piriform objects that appear almost exclusively on Attic red-figured vases, usually in education and music scenes. These objects seem to have been made of a hard though light raw material and may have a suspension loop and/or a lateral aperture secured with threads. Their use is obscure and their contents — if any — are never shown.