Survival Of White Shrimp Research Articles

The growth, survival and intestinal bacteria in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) with addition of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in Feeds

White shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) aquaculture faces many disease problems. The use of antibiotics to treat diseases leads to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which can endanger human health. To overcome this problem, probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics are eco-friendly solutions that can be used in shrimp aquaculture to improve water quality, growth, survival and disease resistance. This study aimed to determine the effect of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on growth, survival, and intestinal bacteria in white shrimp (L. vannamei). The experiment was conducted using a laboratory experimental method with a completely randomized design consisted of 4 treatments and 4 replications. (K) Without supplementation of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in feed; (Pro) Supplementation of probiotics in feed; (Pre) Supplementation of prebiotics in feed; and (Syn) Supplementation of synbiotics in feed. The parameters measured were SGR, FCR, SR, total lactic acid bacteria and vibrio dominance. The data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA with SPSS version 25 and a 95% confidence interval. If the results had a significant effect (P<0,05), Duncan's test was used to determine differences between treatments. The results showed that probiotic and synbiotic treatments gave the best results on SGR, FCR, SR, total lactic acid bacteria and vibrio dominance compared to the control treatment. This study concluded that added probiotics and synbiotics in feed can increase total lactic acid bacteria and reduce the dominance of vibrio in the intestines of white shrimp, as well as increase the growth and survival of white shrimp (L. vannamei).

The addition of pineapple waste extract in feed on the growth and survival of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

This study aims to reduce production costs for feed by adding the pineapple waste extract to commercial feed which increases feed utilization efficiency, relative growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, Survival rate, water quality, and Organoleptic Test. This research was conducted from March 31 to April 28, 2022. At the Hatchery and Technology Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture Department of Aquaculture. This study used a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of four treatments and three replications. Treatment A (0% pineapple waste extract + 100 gr feed) B (3% pineapple waste extract + 100 gr feed) C (4% pineapple waste extract + 100 gr feed) D (5% pineapple waste extract + 100 gr feed). The best results from treatment C with feed utilization efficiency of 80.45%, relative growth rate of 4.79%/day and protein efficiency ratio of 1.73%/day. Survival 81,66% and Water Quality. Temperature 26 – 28 oC, DO 7,0 - 7,5 mg/L, pH 7,1 – 7,3, Salinity 32 ppt, Ammonia 0,04-0,08 mg/L. and Organoleptic Test of Color and Scent, the best feed has a very brown color and does not have an overpowering Scent.Keywords: Growth; Pineapple; Survival rate; Vaname Shrimp.

Effects of spray-dried bovine plasma on growth performance, immune system, and survival of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

The aquaculture industry in Mexico is searching for food ingredients that increase productivity without negatively affecting overall performance and health. Bovine plasma has been shown to contain a high concentration of bioactive compounds and growth factors that improve intestinal function and nutrient absorption. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of spray-dried bovine plasma (SDBP) on growth performance, protein efficiency, immune system, and survival in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Four diets were formulated to contain 0%, 1.5%, 3%, and 6% SDBP in isoproteic and isolipidic diets. Then, 120 juveniles of L. vannamei (4.02 ± 0.03) were randomly distributed in 12 ponds of 500-L with filtered seawater under a recirculation system (RAS). The diets were randomly distributed among the experimental tanks, with three ponds assigned per experimental diet. The feed was offered three times a day for eight weeks. At the end of the experiment, shrimp fed the diet with 3% SDBP had significantly (p < 0.05) improved overall performance compared to the other dietary treatments. Also, diets enriched with SDBP presented a significant increase (p < 0.05) of hemocytes compared to the dietary treatment SDBP-0, with a positive correlation between the number of hemocytes and increasing SDBP content. Furthermore, diets with 3% and 6% SDBP had the highest survival rate (90.0% and 93.3%, respectively). In conclusion, SDBP added at 3% in shrimp diets resulted in improved growth, survival, and hemocyte count. Therefore, SDBP is an excellent alternative to maintaining healthy shrimp.

Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from kefir enhances immune responses and survival of white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) challenged with Vibrio alginolyticus

Lactobacillus plantarum is known for its probiotics benefit to host, although the effects vary among strains. This study conducted a feeding experiment of three Lactobacillus strains, MRS8, MRS18 and MRS20, which were isolated from kefir and incorporated into the diets of shrimp to evaluate the effects of non-specific immunity, immune-related gene expression, and disease resistance of white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) against Vibrio alginolyticus. To prepare the experimental feed groups, the basic feed was mixed with different concentrations of L. plantarum strains MRS8, MRS18, and MRS 20, which were incorporated at 0 CFU (control), 1 × 106 CFU (groups 8–6, 18–6, and 20–6), and 1 × 109 CFU (groups 8–9, 18–9, and 20–9) per gram of diet for an in vivo assay. During the rearing period for 28 days of feeding each group, immune responses, namely the total hemocyte count (THC), phagocytic rate (PR), phenoloxidase activity, and respiratory burst were examined on days 0, 1, 4, 7, 14, and 28. The results showed that groups 20–6, 18–9 and 20–9 improved THC, and groups 18–9 and 20–9 improved phenoloxidase activity and respiratory burst as well. The expression of immunity-related genes was also examined. Group 8–9 increased the expression of LGBP, penaeidin 2 (PEN2) and CP, group 18–9 increased the expression of proPO1, ALF, Lysozyme, penaeidin 3 (PEN3) and SOD, and group 20–9 increased the expression of LGBP, ALF, crustin, PEN2, PEN3, penaeidin 4 (PEN4) and CP (p < 0.05). Groups 18–6, 18–9, 2–6, and 20–9 were further used in the challenge test. After feeding for 7 days and 14 days, Vibrio alginolyticus was injected into white shrimp and observed the shrimp survival for 168 h. The results showed that compared to the control, all groups improved the survival rate. Especially, feeding group 18–9 for 14 days improved the survival rate of white shrimp (p < 0.05). After the challenge test for 14 days, the midgut DNA of survival white shrimps was extracted to analyze the colonization of L. plantarum. Among the groups, (6.61 ± 3.58) × 105 CFU/pre shrimp of L. plantarum in feeding group 18–9 and (5.86 ± 2.27) × 105 CFU/pre shrimp in group 20–9 were evaluated by qPCR. Taken together, group 18-9 had the best effects on the non-specific immunity, the immune-related gene expression, and the disease resistance, which might be due to the benefit of the probiotic colonization.

Application of inorganic fertilizer combination with various kinds of organic fertilizer in the nursery phase of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of natural feed growth on the growth and survival rate of white shrimp, specifically in relation to the usage of inorganic fertilizers in conjunction with various organic fertilizers. The experimental design consisted of four treatments, each replicated three times. The treatments included a combination of urea, SP-36, and organic fertilizer derived from superintensive shrimp pond waste (Treatment A), a combination of urea, SP-36, and petroganic (Treatment B), a combination of urea, SP-36, and chicken manure (Treatment C), and a control treatment consisting of only urea and SP-36 without any organic fertilizer (Treatment D). Urea was administered at a dosage of 5.2 grams per container, SP-36 at a dosage of 2.6 grams per container, and organic fertilizer at a dosage of 52 grams per container. The factors that were monitored included the composition of plankton, the growth of benthic algae, the growth and survival of white shrimp, and the quality of pond water. The study’s findings revealed no statistically significant difference in the growth of live feed when inorganic and organic fertilizers were combined (P&gt;0.05). However, the survival rate of white shrimp exhibited a significant difference (P&lt;0.05). Using a mixture of inorganic fertilizer (namely urea and sp-36) and organic fertilizer, within the context of a super-intensive shrimp pond, yielded the most favorable outcome regarding white shrimp survival rate, with a recorded percentage of 94.67%.

The combination of Lactobacillus sp. and turmeric flour (Curcuma longa) in feed on growth, feed conversion and survival ratio of Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931

White shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultivation activities have developed rapidly in Indonesia. White shrimp aquaculture which is carried out intensively with high stocking densities has caused several problems, such as low survival and suboptimal growth. This study aimed to increase the growth, feed conversion, and survival of white shrimp through a combination of probiotics (Lactobacillus sp.) + turmeric flour (Curcuma longa) in feed. The method used in this study was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatment levels and three replications. The results revealed a significant effect (P0.05) on the value of the daily growth rate (DGR), absolute growth rate (AGR), specific growth rate (SGR), survival rate (SR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and feed efficiency (FE), but no significant effect (P0.05) on the value of the absolute length rate (ALR). Giving probiotics 10 ml+5 g turmeric flour/kg feed (treatment B) was the best treatment for white shrimp aquaculture, including DGR, AGR, ALR, LPS, SR, FCR, and FE values. Furthermore, the results also revealed that increasing the concentration of turmeric flour in the feed, was negatively correlated to the growth and survival of white shrimp.

Probiotic additions affect the biofloc nursery culture of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

In a biofloc technology (BFT) system, the bacterial community is crucial for organic matter metabolism and toxic nitrogenous compound recycling. This study evaluated the effects of the addition of either of two commercial probiotics (P1 and P2) on the biofloc condition, water quality, and growth and survival of white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) in indoor BFT systems; indoor BFT systems without the addition of any probiotic was used as the control. The culture density was 150 juvenile shrimp (weight, 0.06 ± 0.01 g) in 200-L tanks with a culture period of 40 days. The salinity of the culture water was 15 ppt, and molasses was added to the tank for maintaining a C/N ratio of 15. In the P1, P2, and control groups, the floc volume was 3.7 ± 0.5, 3.5 ± 0.6, and 3.0 ± 0.6 mL/L, respectively, and the total heterotrophic bacterium densities were (5.8 ± 1.4) × 10 6 , (4.5 ± 1.5) × 10 6 , and (3.6 ± 1.1) × 10 6 colony forming unit (CFU)/mL, respectively; these values were significantly higher in the treatment groups than in the control group (all P < 0.05). The major groups in the biofloc comprised zooplankton community were provided by rotifers, copepods, nematodes , and protists . The addition of probiotics increased nitrite‑nitrogen and nitrate‑nitrogen levels in the culture water of P1 (7.7 ± 1.0 and 5.9 ± 0.5 ppm, respectively) and P2 (8.4 ± 0.7 and 6.2 ± 0.6 ppm, respectively) groups; they were significantly higher in the treatment groups than in the control group (6.1 ± 0.8 and 5.0 ± 0.8 ppm, respectively). L. vannamei growth rates were significantly higher in the P1 group than in the P2 and control groups. However, the between-group differences in the survival rates were not significant. In conclusion, the addition of probiotics to the BFT system with L. vannamei effectively enhanced the water quality, floc volume, and total bacterial number in the water and the growth performance of the shrimp. • Both probiotics resulted in higher floc volumes and total heterotrophic bacteria. • Both probiotics increased NIN and NAN in water. • P1 increased growth performance (weight gain and FCR); P2 and control did not. • Vibrio harveyi challenge provided no significant differences among treatments.

The Effect of Feed Supplementation with Fermented Red Seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) on Growth and Survival of White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Post-Larvae Culture

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of novel shrimp diet supplemention with fermented red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii on growth and survival of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) post-larvae culture. The research consisted of three consecutive steps: (1) preliminary study on Kappaphycus alvarezii fermentation, (2) feed formulation and proximate analysis, (3) performance test of commercial feed (C), commercial + 0.5% K. alvarezii (EF1), and commercial + 1.5% fermented K. alvarezii (EF2). Following 15 days of feeding, the highest biomass, specific growth rate and survival were achieved in EF2 treatment (1.60±0.21 g, 10.88±0.86%/d, 91.67±1.53%), significantly different from control (0.99±0.09 g, 7.72±0.63%/d, 47.00±5.00%) (p&lt;0.05). Overall, this study suggested that the dietary supplementation of 1.5% fermented K. alvarezii can enhance the growth and survival of whiteleg shrimp during the nursery phase.

The Effect Of Polyculture White Shrimp Vannamei And Seaweed On Different Plant Distance On Growth, Survival And Phytoplankton Abundance

The aim of the study was the effect of white shrimp polyculture, and seaweed in an effort to increase the growth and survival of white shrimp and seaweed and control the abundance of phytoplankton. The research method was a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications namely T1 (10V + 10 cm RL): given 10 seeds / m 2 white shrimp and seaweed 10 cm spacing, T2 (10V + 20RL) = 10 seed / m 2 white shrimp and seaweed planting distance of 20 cm, T3 (10V + 30RL) = 10 seed / m 2 white shrimp and seaweed distance 30 cm, T4 (10V + 40RL) = given 10 seed / m 2 white shrimp Vannamei and seaweed plant distance 40 cm), and observed abundance of plankton used sample collected (April-August 2018) from site (T1),(T2),(T3) and (T4) of this penculture pond. The weight of Gracillaria sp 150 g / to treatment with the long line system was placed around the plot of waring area of 1 m 2 in the pen culture pond area of 300 m 2 . Data collection included: absolute weight growth, survival, FCR, and water quality data (temperature, salinity, pH, O 2 , NO 2 , NH 3 ). Data were analyzed for variance and to find out the middle values between treatments, Tukey Test analysis was performed. The results showed that the presence of white shrimp and seaweed polyculture engineering at different plant distance had a significant effect (P <0.05), on growth and survival and effected community structure and abundance of phytoplankton. The highest absolute weight growth in white shrimp ( L. vannamei (g) on T4 (27.53 ± 0.04 g), white shrimp survival (90.25%), white shrimp of FCR (FCR = 1.19 ± 0.05 b ), and also on seaweed Gracillaria verocosa on T4 has the highest growth of absolute weight of seaweed ( G. verocosa ) (g), namely 2905.05 ± 7.5 b , survival of T4 seaweed (93.33 ± 0.25% and abundance of phytoplankton

Effects of water recirculation rate on the microbial community and water quality in relation to the growth and survival of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

BackgroundMicrobial community and its management are crucial to the stabilization of culture environment for recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Although several studies have been carried out for the microbial community of RAS, few studies were on the RAS for shrimp. Water recirculation ratio is an important factor for the microbial community and the management of RAS. Therefore, low (LC), medium (MC) and high (HC) recirculation ratio systems were set to explore the microbial community constitution of RAS for Litopenaeus vannamei and study the effect of water recirculation rate on it.ResultsThe bacterial community of bioreactor was mainly dominated by Proteobacteria (41.6–70.7%), followed with Planctomycetes (12.5–31.0%), Bacteroidetes (10.5–26.0%), Actinobacteria (1.1–4.8%) and Verrucomicrobia (1.4–6.8%) phylum. The most dominant family of bioreactor was Rhodobacteraceae or Planctomycetaceae. The bacterial community of culture water was simpler than bioreactor and dominated by Proteobacteria (61.8–96.4%). The dominant bacterial groups of bioreactor and culture water are also different among the three water recirculation rates, and the proportions of dominant groups showed a trend with the variety of water recirculation rate. Water quality indexes including ammonia and nitrite decreased with the increasing of water recirculation rate. According to the growth performance of L. vannamei, shrimp had better performance of growth rate and final weight in MC and HC, however, shrimp had higher survival and yield in LC. Shrimp survival and yield had an inverse correlation with water recirculation rate.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate the microbial community of RAS for shrimp, highlight the importance of further studies on the function of bacterial taxa, and promote the understanding of the effects of water recirculation rate on the microbiota. The findings suggest that water recirculation rate has important impacts on the microbial community, water quality and shrimp growth. Increasing the water recirculation rate could improve the water quality and promote the growth of shrimp. However, the survival rate and yield of L. vannamei are higher under low water recirculation rate. Recirculation rate is an effective method to manage RAS, and its impact on RAS needs further study, especially in the application of low level of water recirculation.

Dietary potassium diformate (Formi) supplementation on juvenile white shrimp (&lt;i&gt;Litopenaeus vannamei&lt;/i&gt;) diets for growth and survival support

Objective: This feeding trial was designed to assess the effects of formi (Dietary potassium diformate) supplementation in shrimp diet on growth and survival of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei.Methodology and results: Seven isonitrogenous diets were formulated with graded formi levels of 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 14 and 20 mg kg-1 of dry diet, respectively. Shrimps were randomly allocated to twenty four (24) 50 l aquariums (10 shrimps of 0.82 ± 0.08 g per aquarium, eight treatments and three replicates). Water salinity was set at 17 g L-1 and the flow rate of each aquarium maintained at 2 L min-1 and decreased to 1 L min-1 at day 41th. Shrimps were exposed to 18:6 hours light/dark photoperiod. The results showed that water quality parameters did not vary significantly with the dietary supplementation and was optimal for growth and survival of L. vannamei. The maximum weight gain and survival occurred at 14 mg kg-1 formi diet. However, no significant differences were observed in percent weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) between diets with different levels of formi supplementations. The survival rate data varied between 73.33 % and 100 %. Survival rate revealed that the commercial diet had the lowest survival. At the end of the study no significant effects on the growth, survival, feed efficiency and water quality of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei was found.Keywords: Litopenaeus vannamei, Potassium diformate, growth performance, survival

Effect of medicinal plants on the survival of white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) challenged with WSSV and Vibrio parahaemoly ticus

Survival was investigated in Penaeus vannamei fed with powdered plants (PP: garlic, echinacea, ginger, and basil) and challenged with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus by ingestion and immersion, respectively. PP was added to commercial feed at a concentration of 1, 2 and 4 g kg -1 . The infection with both pathogens was made at the same time. Shrimp fed with PP (4 g kg feed -1 ) at different frequencies showed higher survival (96.7%) as compared to the positive control group not fed with PP (6.7%). WSSV prevalence in live and dead shrimp was similar in all treatments challenged with both pathogens varying from 33.3 to 55%. PP protects shrimp against WSSV and V. parahaemolyticus . Therefore, further research about the effect of PP is necessary for commercial shrimp farms.

EFFECT OF ARTIFICIAL FEED ON THE GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF WHITE SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) AND MILKFISH (Chanos chanos) IN APPLICATION OF INNOVATIVE POLYCULTURE TECHNOLOGY

The objective of this research was to investigate growth and survival of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and milkfish (Chanos chanos) in the application of innovative polyculture technology. The material in this study was white shrimp with initial weight of (1.25 ± 0.025) g and milkfish of (3.25 ± 0.075) g, respectively and artificial feed containing 35 % of protein enriched with vitamin C (3 % biomass d–1). Completely Randomized Design was used with four treatments and three replications, i.e. T1 (15 individuals of white shrimp per m2 and 15 individuals of milkfish per m2), T2 (30 individuals of white shrimp and 15 individuals of milkfish per m2), T3 (15 individuals of white shrimp and 30 indviduals of milkfish per m2), T4 (30 individuals of white shrimp per m2 and 30 indviduals of milkfish per m2). Absolute weight of growth, survival, FCR, and water quality data (temperature, salinity, pH, O2, NO2, NH3) were analyzed by analysis of variance (F test) and descriptive analysis. The results elucidated significant effect (P &lt; 0.05) on the growth and survival rate of white shrimp and milkfish. The highest absolute growth weight of white shrimp and milkfish were obtained from T4 treatment i.e (19.25 ± 1.015) g for white shrimp), for milkfish (185.71 ± 1.025) g. Survival rate of white shrimp was 95 % ± 2.5 % and for milkfish was 75 % ± 2.75 %.

사료 단백질원으로 어분과 대두박 첨가에 따른 어린 흰다리새우(Litopenaeus vannamei)의 성장 및 체성분 변화

A 4-week feeding experiment was conducted with juvenile white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei to compare the growth of shrimp fed different protein sources: fish meal (FM) and soybean meal (SM). By the end of the experiment, the shrimp grew to g (FM) and g (SM). The food and protein conversion rates were significant (P and , respectively. The proximate compositions of the entire body and edible part of the shrimp were similar between FM and SM, except for crude protein. The total amino acid levels were slightly lower in SM than FM, but the difference was not significant. During the experiment, the total ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite concentrations increased continuously in both groups and were slightly higher in SM than FM. In conclusion, soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal results in satisfactory growth and survival of white shrimp.

Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from digestive tract of wild shrimp on growth and survival of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) challenged with Vibrio harveyi

Two hundred and two strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from digestive tracts of cultivated and wild adult shrimp, including Litopenaeus vannamei, Metapenaeus brevicornis and Penaeus merguiensis were selected based on their antibacterial activity against Vibrio harveyi. LAB strain of MRO3.12 exhibiting highest reduction of V. harveyi was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum MRO3.12 based on the nucleotide sequence of its 16S rDNA, which showed 99% (780/786 bp) homology to L. plantarum strain L5 (GenBank accession number DQ 239698.1). Co-cultivation of V. harveyi and L. plantarum MRO3.12 showed complete reduction of V. harveyi at 24 h under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, whereas L. plantarum increased from 5.29 to 9.47 log CFU ml −1. After 6-week feeding trial with L. plantarum supplemented diet, white shrimp ( L. vannamei) exhibited significant differences ( p < 0.05) in relative growth rate (% RGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and survival compared to the control group fed with non-supplemented diet. LAB-fed group showed 98.89% survival, whereas only 68.89% survival was observed in the control group. LAB from the digestive tract of probiotic-fed shrimp showed higher level of 5.0 ± 0.14 log CFU/g than the non-supplemented ones (3.34 ± 0.21 log CFU/g). However, total bacterial and non-fermenting vibrios counts decreased in shrimps fed on L. plantarum. Ten days after infection with V. harveyi (5.3–5.5 log CFU ml −1), significant survival ( p < 0.05) of 77% was observed in LAB supplemented shrimp, while only 67% survival was observed in the control.