Mangrove Survival Research Articles

Enhancing Mangrove Resilience: Assessing Rhizophora sp. Survival in Davao Occidental’s Conservation and Rehabilitation Zones, Philippines

Three distinct sampling locations within Davao Occidental, namely Brgy. Sto. Rosario in Sta. Maria municipality, Sitio Tawang in Brgy. Buhangin, and Sitio Agdao in Brgy. Tubalan in Malita municipality were investigated to evaluate the survival of planted mangroves (Rhizophora sp.). The study revealed a notable discrepancy in survival rates among the sites, with Sitio Agdao exhibiting the highest survival with 97.58%, followed by Sto. Rosario (91.84%), and Sitio Tawang registering 70.46% survival rate. No significant variance was observed between survival rates in Sta. Maria and Malita. Findings indicated diverse causes of mangrove mortality, including strong waves during northeasterly winds impacting Sto. Rosario, flashfloods affecting Sitio Tawang, and the presence of epiphytes (specifically barnacles) in Sitio Agdao. Among the sites, Sitio Tawang exhibited significantly lowest survival rates compared to Sto. Rosario and Sitio Agdao. Substrate analysis revealed clay loam in Sto. Rosario, sandy loam in Sitio Agdao, and sandy clay in Sitio Tawang. The study recommends extending mangrove survival rate monitoring to other conservation and rehabilitation areas, continuing mangrove rehabilitation efforts, and manually removing epiphytes to enhance survival rates.

Tracking the long‐term vegetation and soil characteristics of restored mangroves: a case study from Guyana's coast

The global urgency to halt and reverse mangrove loss has led to the implementation of numerous initiatives to protect and restore mangroves and recover critical ecological functions and services. Restoration success is assessed by estimating mangrove survival, while diversity, vegetation structure, and soil characteristics are often overlooked with no long‐term monitoring. Here, we investigated long‐term changes in vegetation and soil characteristics of Avicennia germinans‐dominated stands planted along Guyana's coast between 5 and 11 years old. A chronosequence approach was used to examine changes in vegetation and soil parameters in restored mangrove stands of different ages compared to natural stands of the same ages. Tree height, diameter, and aboveground biomass were inconsistent between restored and natural mangrove stands. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that the soil properties were the important factors influencing both the restored and natural mangrove communities. There were no clear trajectories between the vegetation and soil characteristics with age, possibly due to site‐specific and hydrodynamic environmental factors, such as tidal dynamics, riverine inputs, and climatic variations. While there were some equivalent vegetation and soil characteristics at the end of the first decade after restoration, the restored mangroves may require a longer timespan (approximately 25 years) than the period overserved in our study to be entirely identical to the natural mangroves. This case study from Guyana provides valuable insights into the ecological processes driving mangrove recovery dynamics, growth patterns, and restoration effectiveness and offers reliable data needed to inform future restoration projects.

Effects of cold water and aridity on Baja California mangrove survival and ecophysiological traits

Abstract Determining the factors that set species' range limits is of critical importance in an era of rapid climate and biotic change. Mangroves dominate global tropical coastlines, but their subtropical range limits are thought to be mainly constrained by cold air. However, several tropical mangrove range limits are conspicuously warm, arid, and dominated by cold water countercurrents. Despite speculation that the combination of cold water and aridity controls these range limits, investigations of this phenomenon are rare. Here, we conducted an experimental study examining the separate and interactive effects of cold water and aridity on survival, growth, and ecophysiological traits of three mangrove species from the arid, countercurrent range limit in Baja California, Mexico. It is one of the few range edges worldwide where red and white mangroves (Rhizophora mangle and Laguncularia racemosa, respectively), not the putatively stress‐tolerant black mangroves (Avicennia germinans), are the most poleward distributed mangroves, providing further opportunity to examine how mangrove ecophysiological traits affect species‐specific range limits. Black mangroves were surprisingly intolerant of cold water regardless of aridity, with no seedlings surviving in the lowest water temperature (13°C) after 8 months. In contrast, both white and red mangrove seedlings were able to survive at 13°C when humidity was 65% (but not 40%). In cold water and arid conditions, leaf stomatal conductance was consistently lowest for white mangroves, intermediate for red mangroves, and highest for black mangroves, suggesting that white mangroves were the most resistant to transpiration water loss in the arid conditions typical of Baja. Similarly, when exposed to drought after the eight‐month experiment, white mangroves grown in cold water survived longer than red and black mangroves. Synthesis: Ultimately, our results suggest that the species‐specific range limits of mangroves in Baja California reflects their species‐specific adaptations (or lack thereof) to cold water and aridity, with white and red mangroves surprisingly outperforming black mangroves. Further, the difference in our results compared to the same species in other ranges underscores the need to incorporate species and range‐specific traits when conducting distribution modelling to predict the effects of climate change on organism range limits.

The Effect of Cultivating Rhizopora mucronate sp with Domang Method on Mangrove Survival Rate in Klayas Village

Mangroves are one of the coastal plants that have various benefits. One of the benefits of mangroves is preventing abrasion. However, in some cases the survival rate for the mangroves is low due to various influencing factors, one of which is water conditions. Therefore, intervention is needed to increase the survival rate of mangroves. One intervention that can be carried out is by implementing Domang (Donat Mangrove) planting method which aims to protect mangrove seedlings from extreme water conditions. This method was implemented in Klayas Village which is in the strait area. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the implementation of Donat Mangrove in increasing the survival rate of mangroves in Klayas Village. So far, the survival rate for mangrove planting in Klayas Village is only around 12% due to the extreme water conditions. However, Donat Mangrove method effectively increases the survival rate of mangrove planting by up to 31%. This shows that the application of Donat Mangrove planting method is effective in increasing the survival rate of mangroves in Klayas Village.

SEASONAL DRIVERS FOR MANGROVE SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT

Mangrove forests are located along (sub)tropical shorelines and can contribute to flood risk reduction and shoreline stabilization. Evidence of the wave-attenuating function of mangroves is increasing, but knowledge gaps persist regarding the critical conditions to mangrove forest development. The implementation of mangroves in coastal engineering practice also requires a firm understanding of these critical conditions (Gijsman et al., 2021). Conditions and thresholds for mangrove seedling establishment are key in the long-term development and survival of mangroves. Compared to mature mangrove trees, establishing young mangrove seedlings are much more vulnerable to daily to seasonal fluctuations in hydrodynamics and bed level dynamics (Balke et al., 2015). This study aims to develop a mangrove seedling establishment model to study the biophysical interactions and feedbacks between mangrove forests, tides, waves, sediment dynamics and seedlings. Combining field observations and numerical modelling, we will assess the critical conditions for mangrove seedling establishment on a daily to seasonal timescale.

Point of (no) return? Vegetation structure and diversity of restored mangroves in Sulawesi, Indonesia, 14–16 years on

Mangrove forests, benefitting millions of people, experience significant degradation. Global recognition of the urgency of halting and reversing this trend have initiated numerous restoration activities. Restoration success is typically evaluated by estimating mangrove survival and area restored, while diversity and structure of vegetation, as proxies for functional forests, are rarely considered. Here we assess mangrove species richness along sea‐landward transects and evaluate restoration outcomes by comparing number of mangrove species, relative species abundance, biomass, diameter, and canopy cover in “Monoculture Reforestation”, “Mixed Species Regeneration” and adjacent “Reference” forest stands, 14 (Tiwoho site) and 16 years (Likupang site) after restoration activities took place. In the “Monoculture Reforestation” plots, mangrove diversity and structure still closely reflected the original restoration actions, with only one and two “new” species having established among the originally densely planted “foundation” species. In contrast, the “Mixed Species Regeneration” plots were more similar to the “Reference” plots in terms of tree diameter and canopy coverage, but species number, abundance and biomass were still lower. The trajectory of the “Mixed Species Regeneration” plots suggests their similarity with the “Reference” stands will increase over time, whereas such “smooth” transition is unlikely to happen in the planted “Monoculture Reforestation” stands, in the foreseeable future. Implementing frequent small‐scale disturbances in restored forest management would increase stand structure and diversity, accelerating the establishment of a more natural, and likely more functional and resilient forest.

Analysis of The Structure and Composition of Mangrove Vegetation Types in Induha Latambaga Village, Kolaka District

Mangroves are plants typical of tidal boundaries, beaches and around river mouths. Mangrove vegetation in Induha Village is spread along the coast. Information regarding the structure and composition of mangrove vegetation is still lacking, so research is needed. This research was conducted to determine the structure and composition of mangrove vegetation in Induha Latambaga Village, Kolaka Regency. This study used the point centered sampling method and the observed parameters were seedlings, saplings and trees as well as the composition of the mangrove vegetation. The results showed that Rhizophora apiculata had the highest relative dominance in seedlings (42.13%), saplings (57.50%) and trees (38.31%). Relative frequency in seedlings (35%), saplings (45%) and trees (34.5%). Relative LBA for seedlings (50%), saplings (84.83%) and trees (52.34%). KR in saplings (57.2%) and trees (35.5%), as well as IVI in seedlings (136.1%), saplings (248%) and trees (148.1%). Vegetation composition consisted of 3 families (Rhizophoraceae, Acanthaceae and Sonneratiaceae) and 4 species (R. apiculata, R. mucronata, R. stylosa and B. cylindrical). Environmental factors in Induha Village support the survival of mangroves, especially Rhizophora apiculata.

Genome wide identification and characterization of MATE family genes in mangrove plants.

Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion (MATE) proteins are essential transporters that extrude metabolites and participate in plant development and cellular detoxification. MATE transporters, which play crucial roles in the survival of mangrove plants under highly challenged environments, by specialized salt extrusion mechanisms, are mined from their genomes and reported here for the first time. Through homology search and domain prediction in the genome assemblies of Avicennia marina, Bruguiera sexangula, Ceriops zippeliana, Kandelia obovata, Rhizophora apiculata and Ceriops tagal, 74, 68, 66, 66, 63 and 64 MATE proteins, respectively were identified. The phylogenetic analysis divided the identified proteins into five major clusters and following the clustering pattern of the functionally characterized proteins, functions of the transporters in each cluster were predicted. Amino acid sequences, exon-intron structure, motif details and subcellular localization pattern for all the 401 proteins are described. The custom designed repeat masking libraries generated for each of these genomes, which will be of extensive use for the researchers worldwide, are also provided in this paper. This is the first study on the MATE genes in mangroves and the results provide comprehensive information on the molecular mechanisms enabling the survival of mangroves under hostile conditions.

Spatial-temporal NDVI pattern of global mangroves: A growing trend during 2000–2018

Mangroves are coastal vegetation with high ecological and economic value that are mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical intertidal zones. In the past, they have been degraded by extensive deforestation for agricultural and aquatic land. In recent years, mangroves have been protected and sustainably used through considerable measures of conservation, restoration and afforestation, but the health trends of mangroves during this process are not clear. To identify the mangrove health conditions and dynamics, we investigated the spatial-temporal trends of global mangroves using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) dataset during 2000–2018. The results illustrated that 1) Asian mangroves had the highest NDVI values, especially in Southeast Asia (0.80), while the average NDVI of African mangroves was the lowest (0.67). NDVI values higher than 0.80 were mainly located in Southeast Asia and South America, which accounted for 24.0 % and 7.1 % of the global mangrove area, respectively. 2) Globally, the proportion of mangrove forests that increased significantly (23.6 %, p value < 0.05) was approximately twice as large as the significant decrease (10.7 %, p value < 0.05). Asia, where mangroves are widespread, accounts for nearly half of the world's significant increase (10.8 %) and decrease (4.6 %). Generally, the annual average NDVI for global mangroves exhibited a slow increasing trend from 2000 to 2018 (p value = 0.13). 3) The global mangrove NDVI showed a positive correlation with precipitation (Rprep = 0.79, p value < 0.01) and temperature (Rtemp = 0.37, p value < 0.01), while it was inhibited by sea surface salinity (Rsss = −0.45, p value < 0.01) on a scale of 1° of latitude. 4) The results of the overall growth trend of mangroves indicated that global mangrove conservation appeared to achieve initial success, but direct or potential factors, such as salinity stress, natural disasters, small-scale deforestation, construction of coastal facilities, and sea level rise, still threaten the survival of mangroves, leading to a decline in their health status. This study provides information on the health status of mangrove ecosystems and can assist in formulating subsequent conservation and management measures.

Status and Sustainability of Mangrove Forests: A Case Study from Merbok Mangrove Reserve, Kedah, Malaysia

Abstract Mangroves comprise of a complex combination of halophytic trees, shrubs and other plants that exist and grow in the coastal zone throughout tropical and subtropical regions. Mangrove ecosystems provide significant socioeconomic benefits to the local communities such as fish, timber and tourism opportunities. Understanding how they perceive on mangrove ecosystems and services is crucial for incorporating this information into decision making process and conservation, this study was conducted to study the awareness and knowledge of local community towards the trend and status of mangrove resources in Merbok Mangrove Reserve (MMR) and, to identify factors that influence the survival of mangroves in the study area. A survey was conducted in MMR using questionnaires as a main tool for data collection. A total of 300 respondents live near and around MMR were selected which involved a total of 10 villages. From the study, 95% of the respondents perceived that mangroves are very important resources to the local community. About 95.7% of respondents agree that the loss of mangroves will have negative impacts to the environment and the economics of the livelihood. Furthermore, the majority of respondents perceived that illegal clearing and aquaculture practices have significant impact to the degradation of mangroves in the area. They agree that replanting of mangroves could be the best management option to ensure the survival of this ecosystem. The information from this study may provide useful input for future research and can be crucial tools for the government and stakeholders to pave way for an effective decision making for the sustainability of mangrove resources.

Quantitative Analysis of Methodological and Environmental Influences on Survival of Planted Mangroves in Restoration and Afforestation

Mangrove planting has been employed for decades to achieve aims associated with restoration and afforestation. Often, survival of planted mangroves is low. Improving survival might be aided by augmenting the understanding of which planting methods and environmental variables most influence plant survival across a range of contexts. The aim of this study was to provide a global synthesis of the influence of planting methods and background environment on mangrove survival. This was achieved through a global meta-analysis, which compiled published survival rates for the period 1979–2021 and analyzed the influence of decisions about minimum spacing and which life stage to plant, and environmental contexts such as climate, tidal range and coastal setting on the reported survival of planted individuals, classified by species and root morphology. Generalized Additive Mixed Modeling (GAMM) revealed that planting larger mangrove saplings was associated with increased survival for pencil-rooted species such as Avicennia spp. and Sonneratia spp. (17% increase cf. seedlings), while greater plant spacing was associated with higher survival of stilt-rooted species in the family Rhizophoraceae (39% increase when doubling plant spacing from 1.5 to 3.0 m). Tidal range showed a nonlinear positive correlation with survival for pencil-rooted species, and the coastal environmental setting was associated with significant variation in survival for both pencil- and stilt-rooted species. The results suggest that improving decisions about which species to plant in different contexts, and intensive care after planting, is likely to improve the survival of planted mangroves.

Fate and Effects of Macro- and Microplastics in Coastal Wetlands.

Coastal wetlands trap plastics from terrestrial and marine sources, but the stocks of plastics and their impacts on coastal wetlands are poorly known. We evaluated the stocks, fate, and biological and biogeochemical effects of plastics in coastal wetlands with plastic abundance data from 112 studies. The representative abundance of plastics that occurs in coastal wetland sediments and is ingested by marine animals reaches 156.7 and 98.3 items kg-1, respectively, 200 times higher than that (0.43 items kg-1) in the water column. Plastics are more abundant in mangrove forests and tidal marshes than in tidal flats and seagrass meadows. The variation in plastic abundance is related to climatic and geographic zones, seasons, and population density or plastic waste management. The abundance of plastics ingested by pelagic and demersal fish increases with fish length and dry weight. The dominant characteristics of plastics ingested by marine animals are correlated with those found in coastal wetland sediments. Microplastics exert negative effects on biota abundance and mangrove survival but positive effects on sediment nutrients, leaf drop, and carbon emission. We highlight that plastic pollution is widespread in coastal wetlands and actions are urged to include microplastics in ecosystem health and degradation assessment.

Review on Possible Factors for Outbreak of Wood Boring Isopod, &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Sphaeroma&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; spp. Which Causes Destructive Impact on Mangrove Forest in China

The tropical and subtropical mangrove biomes form the foundation of a highly productive and biologically rich ecosystem providing essential goods and services to human beings. Despite its values, the stability and survival of mangroves are consistently threatened by anthropogenic activities and their associated degradation, resulting in their disappearance. After realizing their ecological importance, in recent years, rehabilitation and restoration programs for mangrove forests have been launched globally. Unfortunately, most mangrove restoration efforts yielded negative results and failed to re-establish mangrove forests because of technical and social failures. Besides, the continued outbreak of wood borer, Sphaeroma spp., in mangrove forests has become one of the destructive causes of natural and restored mangrove forests in some nations including China. However, few studies on the biology of Sphaeroma spp. found in Chinese mangrove ecosystem have been done, and little is known concerning the factors affecting their outbreak in China. In this review, we discussed the possible factors that affect the rapid growth and recruitment of Sphaeroma spp. in the mangrove ecosystem by examining the information of the wood borer Sphaeroma spp. from the scattered pieces of literature with great regard. We discussed the relationship between the recruitment of Sphaeroma spp. and the tide and flow of water, food availability from the surrounding water and water quality including salinity, temperature, and the pollution of water. In addition to these factors, the reduced biodiversity of restored mangrove forest could be one of the main reasons for the outbreak of isopod. We also discussed the destructive impact of the isopod’s outbreak and the possible ways to control their outbreak in mangrove forest.

Tingkat Keberhasilan Penanaman Mangrove Pada Lahan Bekas Tambang Timah Di Desa Rebo Kabupaten Bangka Sebagai Bentuk Pemanfaatan Lahan Dalam Wilayah Hutan Mangrove Di Pesisir Timur Pulau Bangka

The existence of unconventional mines (TI) which is increasingly prevalent nowadays has penetrated the coast, resulting in the mangrove ecosystem unable to develop properly. One of the areas affected by unconvencional minning activities is on the coast of Takari Beach, Bangka Regency. Takari Beach is one of the areas located on the coast of Rebo Village, Sungailiat District, Bangka Regency. One of the rehabilitation efforts carried out is by planting mangrove seedlings on Takari Beach in 2018 with a total of 500 mangrove seedlings. Mangrove rehabilitation activities are one form of land use conducted in Takari Beach. This activity also needs to be supported by the maintenance and monitoring of planting results to determine the success rate of mangrove planting activities on ex-tin mining land located in the coastal area of Takari Beach, Bangka. The results showed that the percentage of mangroves living at the observation station, namely on plot 1, was 71%. Plot 2's survival rate is 80%. The survival rate for plot 3 is 81%, the survival rate for plot 4 is 54%, and the survival rate for plot 5 is 27%. Plots 1,2 and 3 have a high survival rate, which is around 70-81%. Plots 4, and 5 have a low survival rate, which is around 27-54%. This can indicate that the success rate of mangrove survival can be said to be less successful. This could be due to the fact that there are still floating unconventional mining (TI) activities, which are operating again so that it is suspected that the tailings yield inhibits the growth rate and causes the death of mangrove seedlings.

Strategies for Successful Mangrove Living Shoreline Stabilizations in Shallow Water Subtropical Estuaries

By combatting erosion and increasing habitat, mangrove living shorelines are an effective alternative to hard-armoring in tropical and subtropical areas. An experimental red mangrove living shoreline was deployed within Mosquito Lagoon, Florida, using a factorial design to test the impact of mangrove age, breakwater presence, and mangrove placement on mangrove survival within the first year of deployment. Mixed mangrove age treatments were included to identify if seedling (11-month-old) survival could be enhanced by the presence of transitional (23-month-old) and adult (35 to 47-month-old) mangroves. Environmental factors were monitored to detect possible causes of mangrove mortalities. Approximately half (50.6%) of mangroves died, and of those, 90.7% occurred within the annual high-water season, and 88.9% showed signs of flooding stress. Planting seedlings haphazardly among older mangroves did not attenuate enough wave energy to significantly increase seedling survival. Breakwaters alleviated stress through a reduction in water velocity and wave height, increasing the odds of survival by 197% and 437% when mangroves were planted in the landward and seaward rows, respectively. Compared to seedlings, deployment of adult mangroves increased survival odds by 1087%. Collectively, our results indicate that sites with a high-water season should utilize a breakwater structure and mangroves with a woody stem.

The Genetic and Environmental Adaptation of the Associated Liana Species Derris trifoliata Lour. (Leguminosae) in Mangroves

Derris trifoliata Lour. is an indigenous and associated liana species of mangroves in China; however, its rapid dispersal is threatening mangrove survival. To explore and evaluate their persistence in past disturbances and their potential resistance to future climate and environmental changes, 120 D. trifoliata samples were collected from three sites in Guangdong Province, China, and they were used to develop single nucleotide polymorphic markers using specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing technology. A total of 351.59 Mb reads and 97,998 polymorphic specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing tags were identified, including 360,672 single nucleotide polymorphisms. The principal component analysis, phylogenetic tree, and genetic structure all clustered the samples according to their geographic positions. The three populations showed medium genetic diversity levels and high clonal diversity, indicating that sexual propagation played vital roles in the populations’ succession, although clonal growth was intense within the populations. An association analysis revealed that 9 out of 16 markers were correlated with nitrogen, which indicated the positive roles of nitrogen in population formation and maintenance. This study provides an ecological and molecular basis for understanding the outbreaks of D. trifoliata in mangroves. To control the further expansion of D. trifoliata in mangroves, preventive and control measures should be taken against clonal growth and sexual propagation, respectively; obstructing the clonal growth, especially that of the stolon, should be mainly considered at the junctions of D. trifoliata and mangroves.

Response of Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolia) and four mangrove species to imazamox and carfentrazone-ethyl herbicides

AbstractMangroves are a critical component of many coastal ecosystems in Florida. Woody species, including Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi), have invaded thousands of hectares of mangrove habitat. The difficulty associated with ground-based management of invasive plants in mangrove communities has warranted a need to identify selective herbicides that can be applied aerially. Recent work suggests that Florida mangrove species are extremely sensitive to synthetic auxin herbicides; however, other herbicides have yet to be tested for selectivity. Greenhouse studies in 2018 and 2019 evaluated broadcast foliar applications of the acetolactate synthase inhibitor imazamox and protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor carfentrazone-ethyl, both as individual treatments and in combinations, for control of S. terebinthifolia and injury to four non-target mangrove species. Across all posttreatment sample dates and species tested, there were no significant interactions between imazamox applied at 0.28 or 0.56 kg ai ha−1 in combination with carfentrazone-ethyl applied at 0 or 0.1 kg ha−1. Main effects of imazamox applied at 0.56 kg ai ha−1 and carfentrazone-ethyl applied at 0.1 kg ha−1 resulted in 99% and 97% defoliation, respectively, of Schinus terebinthifolia at 180 DAT. However, S. terebinthifolia percent survival was 56% and 44% for the same treatments. Both herbicides severely injured all four mangroves by 90 DAT and resulted in 58% to 100% defoliation across species. At 180 DAT, significant increases in percent cambium kill were also observed for all four species. Across species, mangrove survival varied, but red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle L.) survival was reduced to 6% when imazamox was applied at 0.56 kg ha−1. These results indicate both imazamox and carfentrazone-ethyl exhibit activity on S. terebinthifolia but also injure all four mangroves enough to preclude their use as selective treatments.

Sea-level rise enhances carbon accumulation in United States tidal wetlands

Sea-level rise enhances carbon accumulation in United States tidal wetlands

Thresholds of mangrove survival under rapid sea level rise

The response of mangroves to high rates of relative sea level rise (RSLR) is poorly understood. We explore the limits of mangrove vertical accretion to sustained periods of RSLR in the final stages of deglaciation. The timing of initiation and rate of mangrove vertical accretion were compared with independently modeled rates of RSLR for 78 locations. Mangrove forests expanded between 9800 and 7500 years ago, vertically accreting thick sequences of organic sediments at a rate principally driven by the rate of RSLR, representing an important carbon sink. We found it very likely (>90% probability) that mangroves were unable to initiate sustained accretion when RSLR rates exceeded 6.1 millimeters per year. This threshold is likely to be surpassed on tropical coastlines within 30 years under high-emissions scenarios.

The composition of mollusks in mangrove ecosystem conservation area Bagek Kembar, West Lombok

Mangrove association mollusks was one of the indicator to describe the status of mangrove ecosystem’s health. This research aimed to analyze the condition of mangrove rehabilitation based on the composition of association mollusks compared with non-rehabilitation area which resulted from a natural succession. It held on July 2019 at mangrove conservation area Bagek Kembar, West Lombok. Data collection method used stratified random sampling by placed some plots sized 1x1 m randomly in a larger plot (10x10 m) which have been determine randomly before. The result showed that there are 24 species of association mollusks which belong to 11 families found in these area. The abundance of mollusks in natural and rehabilitation mangrove was different which is in a row 50.2647 ind/m 2 and 88.4 ind/m 2. Cerithidea cingulata has the highest abundance among the other species with the number of abundance 48.8 ind/m2 in non-rehabilitation ecosystem and reach 29.17 ind/m 2 in rehabilitation area. Based on this research, the condition of mangrove conservation Bagek Kembar still categorized as non-stable condition for supporting the survival of mangroves associated mollusks.