Survival In Advanced NSCLC Patients Research Articles

Prognostic factors for survival in NSCLC treated with immunotherapy: An institutional analysis.

e20591 Background: Immune check point inhibitors (ICIs) are the cornerstone of treatment for patients with advanced NSCLC. However, not all patients benefit from ICIs and some develop significant immune-mediated toxicities. There is limited data regarding prognostic factors in NSCLC patients treated with ICIs. Imaging features can complement clinical variables in predicting response to ICIs. This study aims to evaluate CEA, blood leukocyte markers, and novel CT-derived radiomic features as factors predictive of survival in this patient population. Methods: In this retrospective study, clinical data from patients with advanced stage NSCLC treated with ICIs at Stony Brook University Hospital from 2016 to 2021 were collected. Baseline and subsequent CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen), ANC (absolute neutrophil count), ALC (absolute lymphocyte count), NLR (neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio), AEC (absolute eosinophil count), and AMC (absolute monocyte count) were evaluated as independent prognostic factors. 3-D segmentation of ipsilateral lung lobe was obtained using U-Net and radiologist report of tumor location. 600 stable IBSI-standardized features were extracted from the region using PyRadiomics. The discriminative ability of clinical and image-derived variables was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Results: This study included 80 patients. Objective response rate (ORR) was 25.0% with 1-year OS of 58.0%. PD-L1 expression ≥ 50% was significantly associated with survival (p < 0.02). Decrease in CEA (p < 0.01) and 5% increase in AEC (p = 0.027) significantly correlated with survival. Age, sex, clinical stage, ANC, ALC, NLR, AMC did not significantly predict survival. Three image biomarkers that correlated with median enhancement of tissue on chest CT, and degree of tissue heterogeneity were significant predictors of mortality (p < 0.02). A multivariable model with clinical inputs outperformed one with radiomic features only (C-index 0.70 vs. 0.64). Clinical and radiomic inputs together performed well in predicting survival (C-index 0.76). Conclusions: Changes in CEA and AEC were the strongest predictors of survival in advanced NSCLC patients treated with ICIs. This study suggests that combined clinical and radiomic biomarkers (quantifying local lobar heterogeneity) can identify patients most likely to benefit from immunotherapy. [Table: see text]

1169TiP Penpulimab-based combination neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy for patients with resectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A phase II clinical study (ALTER-L043)

Immunotherapy alone or combined with chemotherapy as neoadjuvant therapy has shown encouraging results. Penpulimab, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed against human programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), was engineered to eliminate Fc-mediated effector function that compromises anti-tumor immune cell function, and to optimize receptor occupancy by improving duration of drug binding. As a promising multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Anlotinib significantly improved overall survival in advanced NSCLC patients in the phase III trial ALTER0303.

Penpulimab in combination with anlotinib as first-line treatment in advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer.

e21072 Background: Penpulimab is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against human programmed cell death-1 (PD-1). Penpulimab, with its unique binding epitope, was engineered to eliminate Fc-mediated effector function that compromises anti-tumor immune cell function, and to optimize receptor occupancy by improving duration of drug binding. As a promising multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), anlotinib significantly improved overall survival in advanced NSCLC patients (pts) in the phase 3 trial ALTER0303. Antiangiogenesis therapy combined with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors has shown excellent efficacy in advanced NSCLC pts. This is the trial evaluating chemo-free combination of penpulimab plus anlotinib in treatment-naive advanced NSCLC pts regardless of PD-L1 expression (NCT03866980). Methods: Pts with previously untreated, stage IIIB/IIIC/IV non-squamous NSCLC without sensitizing mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene or translocation of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene were enrolled. Eligible pts received penpulimab 200mg Q3W in combination with anlotinib 12mg QD (2 weeks on 1 week off) until loss of clinical benefit or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included ORR, disease control rate (DCR), duration of response (DoR) and overall survival. Results: As of January 13, 2021, 26 pts had received the combination therapy of penpulimab plus anlotinib (median age 59.5yrs [range 30-71], 76.9% male, 76.9% ECOG PS 1), with a median treatment duration of 3.5 months. Of 21 pts who have had at least one tumor assessment, the ORR was 57.1% (12 PRs) and DCR was 90.5% (12 PRs, 7 SDs). Median PFS has not been reached, and eleven responders remain in response. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 53.8% of pts (≥G3 TRAEs occurred in 15.4% [4/26]). Treatment-related SAEs occurred in 15.4% [4/26], and 7.7% of pts [2/26] had drug interruption or discontinuation due to TRAEs. Most common TRAEs (≥15%) were ALT increased, AST increased, hyperthyroidism and hypertension (15.4% each). Conclusions: The combination of penpulimab plus anlotinib as first-line treatment for locally advanced/metastatic NSCLC showed the promising efficacy with a manageable safety profile, thereby suggesting that this combination therapy may be a viable chemo-free treatment strategy for locally advanced/metastatic NSCLC pts. Clinical trial information: NCT03866980.

High Levels of Serum EGF Concentration Predict Response to Cimavax-EGF Treatment in Advanced NSCLC

Inhibition of EGFR signalling has shown to be relevant for the treatment of some patients with NSCLC. CIMAvax-EGF is a therapeutic vaccine that induces an antibody response against circulating serum EGF. In a randomized Phase III trial, CIMAvax-EGF improved the overall survival of advanced NSCLC patients as compared to best supportive care, when administered as switch maintenance. Exploratory results suggested serum EGF concentration could function as prognostic and predictive biomarker. In this study, we aimed to further assess whether pre-treatment serum EGF level is a predictive biomarker of survival benefit in advanced NSCLC patients treated with CIMAvax-EGF. A pooled analysis of 2 blinded, randomized, controlled clinical trials of CIMAvax-EGF for NSCLC was done. Patients were assigned to one of two groups: biomarker positive (≥870 pg/mL) or biomarker negative (<870 pg/mL) based on pre-treatment serum EGF concentrations. Patients from each group received CIMAvax-EGF or best supportive care. The primary outcome was overall survival. In a pooled cohort of 229 patients, 120 were considered biomarker positive (BM+) and 109 considered biomarker negative (BM-). In the BM + population, HR for overall survival (CIMAvax-EGF vs BSC) was 0.44, p=0.001.A significant biomarker/treatment interaction was found (p=0.001). We conclude that a high pre-treatment serum EGF level is a predictive biomarker of survival benefit in advanced NSCLC patients treated with CIMAvax-EGF.

P2.01-61 Body Mass Index over Time is Associated with Overall Survival in Advanced NSCLC Patients Treated with Immunotherapy.

P2.01-61 Body Mass Index over Time is Associated with Overall Survival in Advanced NSCLC Patients Treated with Immunotherapy.

P1.15-30 Survival of Patients with Advanced NSCLC Treated with First-Generation EGFR-TKIs at a Cancer Hospital in Thailand, 2011-2016

This study was to find the survival in advanced NSCLC patients treated with an EGFR-TKI in a real-life practice. The researcher conducted this retrospective study by review medical records in stage IIIB-IV NSCLC patients treated with first-generation EGFR-TKIs at Chonburi Cancer Hospital from January, 2011 to December, 2016 and follow up until December, 2017. This study enrolled 50 patients with median follow up time 16.78 months. The median age of patients was 58.5. There were female (46%), non-smoking (62%) and adenocarcinoma (90%). The patients received an EGFR-TKI by purchase by themselves (52%), reimbursement system (32%) and compassionate use (14%), additionally Eastern Cooperative Oncologic Group (ECOG) performance statuses were 0-1 (54%), 2-4 (28%) and non-available (NA) (18%).Treatment responses stratified by line of therapy and EGFR status were shown (table) The overall survivals (OS) of the patient receiving an EGFR-TKI as 1L or MN (n=18), 2L (n=18) and >/=3L (n=14) were 15.86 (95%CI, 10.26-21.46), 10.87 (95%CI, 0.00-28.29) and 20.23 (95%CI, 6.26-34.21) months (p=0.392), respectively. Regarding EGFR status, the OS of patients with EGFR sensitive mutation (n=11), wild-type (n=6) and unknown (n=33) were 30.75 (95% CI, 13.76-47.74), 7.91 (95% CI, 0.00-20.45) and 13.99 (95%CI, 9.17-18.82) months (p=0.086), respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated that age >/=70 years old (p=0.047) , current or former smoking (p=0.012), ECOG performance status 2-4 or NA (p<0.001), received EGFR-TKIs by payment (p=0.033) or compassionate use (p<0.001) were the unfavorable prognostic factors for the OS. The OS of the patients harboring EGFR sensitive mutation at our hospital was comparable to those of other pivotal studies. Clearly, patients harboring EGFR wild-type had the OS much shorter than those of the sensitive mutation group. In real practice at that time, two-third of patients still have not been proved their EGFR statuses before starting an EGFR-TKI and often received it as second-line or more.

P2.01-049 Long Progression Free Survival and Overall Survival in Advanced NSCLC Patients with EGFR Mutation and Complete Response with TKI Treatment

Lung cancer is the first cause of death by cancer worldwide. Around 70% of patients are diagnosed in advances stages. The EGFR mutations (EGFRmut) are present in 15-20% of cases of lung adenocarcinoma. Most frequent mutations are exon 19 deletions and L858R (90%); in those patients, the TKI treatments have higher response rates (RR) and longer progression free survival (PFS) compared versus chemotherapy. However, the longtime OS is low and the complete responses (CR) are achieved in 1-3% only. Nevertheless, contributing factors to long term survival are still unclear. Our objective was to describe long PFS and OS associated factors in patients with TKI treatment. We analyzed patients with EGFRmut NSCLC, who received TKI between 2011 and 2017 in the Thoracic Tumors Clinic at Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico. EGFR mutational test was performed by RT-PCR (SCORPION/ARMS therascreen). We search factors associated with CR and Major responses (MR; defined as tumor size reduction >80%) and correlated with PFS and OS. One-hundred sixty patients were analyzed. Median age was 62y (SD ±12.8), female 66%, never smoking 82%, adenocarcinoma 98%, exon 19 deletions 60.6% and L858R 34.4%, uncommon mutations 5%. The RR were 56.3%; 12/160 (7.5%) patients had CR (Group1), 16/160 (10%) patients had MR and received local control with Radiotherapy (Group2) and 132/160 (82.5%) had non-CR without radiotherapy (Group3). In the total population PFS and OS was 15months (CI95% 8.2-21.9mo) and 27.9mo (21.8-32.2mo) respectively; in group3 PFS/OS was 8.77 (CI95% 7.66-9.88mo)/24.7mo (CI95% 20.8-28.8mo); in Group1 PFS/OS was 38.7mo (CI 95% 35.7-41.6)/47.8mo (CI95% 40.1-55.5mo) and Group2 PFS/OS 28.1mo (0.43-56.4mo)/OS 36.1mo (CI95% 11.6-60.7mo). We found significant differences in PFS and OS compared group1 vs Group3 (p=0.003 and p=0.0001, respectively) and Group2 vs group3 (p=0.009 and 0.007, respectively). Was not significant differences in PFS/OS between Group1 vs Group2 (p=0.09/0.9, respectively). All patients with CR are alive, except one patient who died due to pneumoniae. In the multivariate analysis were not found association with CR and TKI or mutation subtype (Exon 19 vs L858R). Patients treated with TKI who reach CR or MR followed by local control with radiotherapy have longer PFS and OS. These findings support the importance to optimize TKI treatment, in order to achieve CR as well as the importance of local control in residual lesions to improve survival outcomes.

PUB057 Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Survival in Advanced NSCLC Patients Treated with Second-Line PD-1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

PUB057 Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Survival in Advanced NSCLC Patients Treated with Second-Line PD-1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Assessing the clinical outcome of nab-paclitaxel in Chinese patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

Nab-paclitaxel [nab-P, 130-nm albumin-bound paclitaxel particles] is a new solvent-free paclitaxel that allows for high intratumoral concentration and has been approved for use in various solid tumours. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nab-paclitaxel in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer [NSCLC]. We assessed 101 Chinese patients who were diagnosed with Stage IIIB or IV NSCLC from August 2009 to November 2014.The patients were injected with nab-paclitaxel [260 mg/m2 , day1] with or without platinum. Patients who completed more than two treatment cycles were assessed for response and survival. All patients were assessed for adverse events. The efficacy was evaluated in 79 patients; the overall response rate was 32.9%, and the disease control rate was 89.9%. Subgroup analysis found patients with squamous cell carcinoma, and combination therapies showed better outcomes. The median progression-free survival was 5.3 months [95%CI: 4.6-5.9], and the median overall survival was 8.9 months [95%CI: 6.1-11.6]. The main grades 3/4 adverse events were peripheral neuropathy [5.9%], leukopenia [5.0%], and anaemia [3.0%]. Additionally, severe abnormal hepatic function [2.0%], alopecia [2.0%], thrombocytopenia [1.0%] and fatigue [1.0%] could also be identified in some patients. The nab-paclitaxel chemotherapy could achieve significant tumour responses and encourage survival in advanced NSCLC patients with tolerable toxicities. Further clinical studies are needed to explore the optimal therapy regimen and target users.

Prognostic and predictive value of plasma D-dimer in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing first-line chemotherapy

Previous studies have demonstrated that plasma D-dimer, a degradation product of cross-linked fibrin, correlated with tumor stage and prognosis in cancer patients. The aim of this study is to examine whether plasma D-dimer levels before and during chemotherapy predict tumor response and survival in advanced NSCLC patients undergoing first line chemotherapy. Plasma D-dimer levels before (B0), and after one (B1) and two (B2) cycles of chemotherapy in 82 patients with advanced NSCLC were measured and correlated with treatment response, clinical features, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival. A significant correlation was identified between changes in D-dimer levels before and after two chemotherapy cycles and treatment response. In addition, there were significant correlations between D-dimer positivity at B0, B1 and B2 time points and tumor stage, number of metastatic sites and treatment response. Patients with positivity of D-dimer at B0, B1 and B2 had significantly shorter PFS compared with those with negativity. Notably, positivity of D-dimer at B1 and B2 time points was an independent predictive factor for unfavorable PFS. The positivity of D-dimer before and during chemotherapy is a predictor of treatment response and worse PFS in patients with advanced NSCLC. D-dimer levels provide prognostic information in addition to that of imaging studies.

Does histology predict survival of advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with platin-based chemotherapy? An analysis of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study E1594

IntroductionWe conducted this analysis to determine whether survival of advanced NSCLC patients treated with platin-based chemotherapy doublets involving paclitaxel, docetaxel or gemcitabine was dependent on histological subtypes and treatment regimen. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from E1594, a front-line phase III study in which advanced NSCLC patients were randomized to receive one of four regimens: cisplatin-paclitaxel, cisplatin-gemcitabine, cisplatin-docetaxel, and carboplatin-paclitaxel. Patients were classified into four histology groups: squamous cell (SCC), adeno- (AC), large cell (LCC) and others including not otherwise specified (O/NOS) carcinoma. Logrank test was performed to compare overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) distributions according to histology as well as treatment. ResultsOf 1139 patients including 716 men and 423 women, AC was the most common subtype (56.8%), followed by SCC (19.7%), O/NOS (17.0%) and LCC (6.5%). Men were more likely to have SCC and women were more likely to have AC (p=0.002). Among the four histology groups, there was no imbalance in regard to race, performance status, weight loss, brain metastasis or treatment. In each histology group, we found no significant difference in OS and PFS between the four chemotherapy regimens. Conversely, in each treatment arm, the survival outcome was similar between the four histology subtypes. ConclusionsOur analysis suggests that histology does not predict survival benefit in advanced NSCLC patients treated with first-line platin-based doublets involving paclitaxel, docetaxel or gemcitabine.

Analysis of prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with second line chemotherapy

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate prognostic factors for survival in patients with advanced NSCLC who receiving second-line chemotherapy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data of 116 patients with NSCLC receiving second-line treatments from October 2010 to December 2012 in Clinic for Lung Diseases of Clinical center Nis, Department for Pulmonary Oncology. Thirteen potential prognostic factors were chosen for analysis. Univariate analysis was conducted to identify prognostic factors associated with progression free survival and overall survival. Multivariate analysis included the prognostic significance factors in univariate analysis. Results: The univariate analysis for progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was identified to have prognostic significance: performance status, smoking, weight loss, comorbidity, number of meta localization, first-line chemotherapy regimen and response to first-line chemotherapy. Nevertheless, multivariate Cox prortional hazard regression analysis showed that performance status (PFS: p = 0.000, OS: p = 0.000) weight loss ≥ 5% (PFS: p = 0.000, OS: p = 0.002), comorbidity (PFS: p = 0.001, OS: p = 0.012) and four places of meta localization (PFS: p = 0.021, OS: p = 0.021) were considered independent prognostic factors for both, progression free survival and overall survival. Conclusion: Performance status, weight loss ≥ 5%, comorbidity and higher number of meta localization were identified as prognostic factors for survival in advanced NSCLC patients receiving second-line chemotherapy treatment. These findings may help pretreatment prediction of survival and may facilitate in the future integration new agents into second-line treatment.

505 - Baseline Plasma Biomarker Signature is Associated with Improved Survival in Advanced nsclc Patients on Linifanib

ABSTRACT Background Linifanib is a potent and selective VEGF and PDGF receptor inhibitor that has activity in unselected, advanced NSCLC patients (pts) both as monotherapy in the relapsed setting and with carboplatin (C) and paclitaxel (P) in the first-line setting. A baseline plasma biomarker signature identifying NSCLC pts most sensitive to linifanib is needed. Methods An exploratory retrospective analysis of 4 randomized clinical trials (linifanib or other treatments: ABT-510 [thrombospondin mimetic], pemetrexed +/- ABT-751 [tubulin inhibitor], docetaxel +/- ABT-751) in relapsed NSCLC was conducted. Evaluable baseline plasma samples were obtained from 116 pts who received linifanib and 125 pts on other treatments. A signature combining established tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA] and fragments of cytokeratin 19 [CYFRA 21-1]) was derived using a sequential BATTing approach. The signature was then tested across a randomized trial of CP + placebo, linifanib 7.5 mg, or linifanib 12.5 mg in first-line advanced, non-squamous NSCLC. Results In 2/3L NSCLC, the signature was associated with improvement in survival on linifanib monotherapy (HR = 0.51 vs. signature negative; P = 0.0017), but no improvement in survival on other treatments (P = 0.72). In the first-line setting with CP, the signature was associated with significant PFS improvement with linifanib and a trend towards significant overall survival improvement at high dose (Table). Signature positive patients CP + Placebo N = 19 CP + Linifanib 7.5 mg N = 24 CP + Linifanib 12.5 mg N = 26 Median PFS, m [95% CI] 5.4 [1.5, 6.9] 10.2 [3.9, NR] HR = 0.49 * , P = 0.049 ** 8.3 [4.8, NR] HR = 0.38 * , P = 0.029 ** Median OS, m [95% CI] 11.3 [9.2, 17.4] 12.5 [6.2, NR] HR = 1.02 * , P = 0.758 ** 17.4 [12.9, NR] HR = 0.54 * , P = 0.137 ** NR= not reached * Adjusted for ECOG PS and gender. ** Stratified log-rank test; P-value compared with CP + placebo. Conclusion A baseline plasma biomarker signature is associated with improved survival in advanced NSCLC patients on linifanib. Incorporation of this signature should be considered in any further investigation of linifanib in NSCLC. Disclosure E.M. Mc Keegan: Employee and shareholder of Abbott. P.J. Ansell: Employee and shareholder of Abbott. G. Davis: Employee and shareholder of Abbott. S. Chan: Employee and shareholder of Abbott. R.K. Chandran: Employee and shareholder of Abbott. S. Gawel: Employee and shareholder of Abbott. M.D. McKee: Employee and shareholder of Abbott. J.L. Ricker: Employee and shareholder of Abbott. D.M. Carlson: Employee and shareholder of Abbott. V. Devanarayan: Employee and shareholder of Abbott.

Association of baseline plasma biomarker signature with survival in advanced NSCLC patients on linifanib.

e13583 Background: Linifanib is a potent and selective VEGF and PDGF receptor inhibitor that has activity in unselected, advanced NSCLC patients (pts) both as monotherapy in the relapsed setting and with carboplatin (C) and paclitaxel (P) in the first-line setting. A baseline plasma biomarker signature identifying NSCLC pts most sensitive to linifanib is needed. Methods: An exploratory retrospective analysis of four randomized clinical trials including linifanib or other treatments in relapsed NSCLC was conducted. Evaluable baseline plasma samples were obtained from 116 pts who received linifanib and 71 pts on other treatments. A signature combining established tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA] and fragments of cytokeratin 19 [CYFRA 21-1]) was derived using a sequential BATTing approach. The signature was then tested across a randomized trial of CP + placebo, linifanib 7.5 mg, or linifanib 12.5 mg in first-line advanced, non-squamous NSCLC. Results: In 2/3L NSCLC, the signature was associated with improvement in survival on linifanib monotherapy (HR=0.51 vs. signature negative; P=0.0017), but no improvement in survival on other treatments (P=0.87). In the first-line setting with CP, the signature was associated with significant PFS improvement with linifanib and a trend towards significant overall survival improvement at high dose (Table). Conclusions: A baseline plasma biomarker signature is associated with improved survival in advanced NSCLC patients on linifanib. Incorporation of this signature should be considered in any further investigation of linifanib in NSCLC. [Table: see text]

Clinical features of gefitinib-responders with non-small cell lung cancer

19136 Background: Although chemotherapy improves survival in advanced NSCLC patients, it appears to have reached a therapeutic plateau and novel approaches are urgently required. Under these circumstances, inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase has emerged as a therapeutic option in patients with NSCLC. Gefitinib, an oral EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR- TKI), is a leading agent in this class of novel therapeutic agents. Several predictive factors of gefitinib sensitivity have been well described. However, few studies have investigated the clinical features of gefitinib-responders. In the present study, we reviewed the outcomes of gefitinib-responders treated with gefitinib at our institution. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical courses of 31 NSCLC patients between October 2004 and June 2007 who received 250 mg/day gefitinib orally and achieved either a complete or partial response. These patients form the basis of this study. There were 17 women and 14 men. There were 13, 3 and 15 patients with cigarettes-year ≥400, cigarettes-year<400 and never a smoker, respectively. Results: At 6 months, patients who achieved either a complete or partial response all were adenocarcinoma. Favorable efficacy was observed in the primary lesion and metastases to the lung, pleura, peritoneum, pericardium, liver, brain and bone. The brain metastasis was the site of major recurrence. Median period for a patient to have improved symptoms was 15 days. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 10.0 months, median duration of gefitinib treatment was 13.0 months. Gender and smoking status were not correlated to PFS. Rash and diarrhea were the most common adverse events, which were manageable and reversible. None of patients was withdrawn due to the adverse events. Conclusion: Patients of Asian origin with advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients who were refractory to or intolerant of their most recent chemotherapy regimen, gefitinib at a dosage of 250 mg/day was effective. Gender and smoking status were not correlated to PFS. The results of this study should help to further identify which patients are most likely to benefit from treatment with gefitinib. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

A3-01: Correlation of tumor response and survival in advanced NSCLC patients treated with Paclitaxel plus Carboplatin (PC) vs Paclitaxel plus Carboplatin plus Gemcitabine (PCG)

A3-01: Correlation of tumor response and survival in advanced NSCLC patients treated with Paclitaxel plus Carboplatin (PC) vs Paclitaxel plus Carboplatin plus Gemcitabine (PCG)

114 POSTER Effective inhibition of the EGF/EGFR binding by anti-EGF antibodies increased survival of advanced NSCLC patients treated with the EGF cancer vaccine

Following endocrine therapy, progression to a hormone-refractory state is inevitable in patients with locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer, if they survive competing mortality. Current treatment options are essentially palliative, with the aim of maintaining quality of life and prolonging survival.Following the failure of primary androgen ablation, a number of treatment strategies are available. Exploitation of the anti-androgen withdrawal syndrome and further hormonal therapies are well-established treatments. More recently, interest in chemotherapy has been renewed owing to demonstrable benefits in prostate specific antigen (PSA) response and pain palliation, albeit without any improvements in survival.However, future treatment options that can prolong survival and maintain quality of life for patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) are constantly being sought. An increased understanding of the molecular biology of prostate cancer has led to the identification of novel targets and agents. The evaluation of these, and possible addition of them to our armamentarium against prostate cancer, is the goal of ongoing clinical trials.