Occupational Injury Survey Research Articles

Trends in Workplace Violence for Health Care Occupations and Facilities Over the Last 10 Years

Abstract Issues of workplace violence (WPV) in healthcare has garnered increasing attention, due to the impact on the health care worker well-being and retention. Yet, our understanding of whether and how WPV rates vary between health care facilities and occupations is limited, particularly information on growth over time. This information is needed to develop and target policies and interventions toward health care workers and settings most at risk. We examined trends in WPV among healthcare occupations and facilities over the past decade (2011-2021/2022), utilizing data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illness (SOII). Findings reveal a 30% increase across all health care facility types between 2011 and 2021/22; however there was no difference in the average rate of WPV for health care occupations over the same time period. The increase of WPV for health care facilities began long before the pandemic, suggesting larger systemic issues are likely driving WPV. Existing state and organizational efforts aim to mitigate WPV, yet targeted interventions are crucial. Understanding variations across occupations and facilities will inform tailored strategies to safeguard healthcare workers.

Characteristics of Occupational Environmental Heat Injuries/Illnesses: Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, 2011 to 2019.

This study describes the characteristics of workers experiencing occupational heat-related injuries/illnesses in the United States and explores the associations between states' average annual temperatures and heat-related injury/illness rates. The number and rate of occupational environmental heat injuries/illnesses were calculated according to age group, gender, race/ethnicity, occupation group, and state from 2011 to 2019. Injury/illness rates were higher among Black and Hispanic workers. Workers in farming, fishing, and forestry; installation, maintenance, and repair; and construction/extraction occupations had the highest rates. There was a positive correlation between states' average annual temperatures and heat-related injury/illness rates. There are demographic and occupational disparities in occupational environmental heat-related injuries/illnesses in the United States and a correlation between these injuries/illnesses and state average annual temperatures. There is a need for policies and other interventions to protect workers from occupational environmental heat injuries/illnesses.

Nonfatal Violence Involving Days Away From Work Following California's 2017 Workplace Violence Prevention in Health Care Safety Standard.

Objectives. To examine the impact of the California Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (Cal/OSHA's) 2017 workplace violence (WPV) prevention in health care safety standard on nonfatal violent injuries among health care workers (HCWs). Methods. We accessed estimated counts of WPV from the survey of occupational injuries and illness from 2011 to 2019 specific to HCWs. We used the Current Population Survey estimates of HCWs to create rates per 10 000. We conducted a longitudinal panel analysis and a comparative interrupted time-series analysis to examine the change in incidence and in rates associated with California's new standard. Results. Adoption of the 2017 safety standard led to an additional 3.48 reported WPV injuries per 10 000 HCWs in California, or an additional 473 injuries. Sensitivity analyses suggest other injuries did not change in the same period. Conclusions. It appears that the Cal/OSHA standard increased reporting of WPV injuries among HCWs in the first year of its adoption compared with the United States. Mandating reporting of all WPV incidents in the health care setting may be a means to ensure a more complete understanding of this public health problem. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(11):1668-1675. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307029).

Violence in Health Care: Trends and Disparities, Bureau of Labor Statistics Survey Data of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, 2011-2017.

Background: The health care sector is one of the most rapidly growing industry sectors in the United States. This study examined differences in the rates and trends of violent occupational injuries among health care workers in the United States. Methods: This study used data about violent occupational injuries among health care workers in the United States collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (SOII). The BLS SOII collects data about injuries that result in at least one lost workday. Violent injuries are defined as intentional injury by another person. Data were obtained for years 2011 to 2017. We examined injury rates and trends according to industry and occupation, as well as age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Results: Intentional injuries increased among health care workers between 2011 and 2017. Rates, expressed as injuries per 10,000 workers, were particularly elevated in residential care facilities (44.07) and among health practitioner support technologists and technicians (22.54); nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides (28.13); and occupational therapy and physical therapist assistants and aides (39.72). Black health care support and practitioners workers had injury rates three times higher than White workers. Conclusions/Application to practice: Efforts should be made to address the increasing rates of intentional occupational injuries among health care workers. These efforts should focus on comprehensive programs enforcing policies for prevention and management (including reporting and training) and employee engagement in such efforts. High-rate industries and occupations should receive particular attention.

Estimating the Nonfatal Injury Undercount in Agriculture from 2004 to 2019

HighlightsGovernment estimates of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses understate the hazards in U.S. agriculture.From 2004 to 2019, government estimates only captured 13% to 26% of the true number of nonfatal injuries.Estimates of nonfatal injuries are more accurate for crop production than for animal production.Estimates are more accurate over time, with a decline in self-employed and unpaid family labor in agriculture.Abstract. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics provides annual estimates of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses by U.S. industry sector. We performed a series of corrections to these estimates for each year from 2004 through 2019 to account for institutional and behavioral drivers of the undercount in the sample used to construct these estimates for the U.S. agricultural industry. Institutional factors consisted of the exclusion of small farms and self-employed and family workers, as well as the employment undercount due to the highly seasonal nature of agricultural work. Behavioral factors consisted of willful and negligent underreporting by employers. We updated the estimates using information on the number of people employed in the excluded portions of the agricultural industry and estimates of the underreporting rate from prior work. Over this period, we show that the government estimates only captured 13% to 26% of the true number of nonfatal injuries and illnesses, missing 74% to 87% of the true case counts each year. The government estimates were more accurate for crop production, missing an average of 77% of cases, than for animal production, missing an average of 83% of cases. Willful and negligent underreporting was the largest contributor to the undercount, followed by the exclusion of self-employed and unpaid family workers. Keywords: Agriculture, Nonfatal injuries and illnesses, Occupational injuries, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, Undercount.

Recordkeeping Error or Strategic Seasonal Substitution?: The Seasonality of Occupational Injuries in SOII and MarketScan.

I compare the seasonal patterns observed in the Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (SOII) to claims data from the IBM® MarketScan® Research Databases. I construct monthly injury rates and claims rates by supplementing occupational injuries and other claims data with hours data from the Current Population Survey and estimate seasonal effects using an Unobservable Components Model. While workers' compensation data and the SOII display similar seasonal patterns, the year-end decline in the MarketScan data is 1/3 to 1/2 the magnitude observed in the SOII. Short-term disability and private health insurance claims display seasonal patterns inversely related to occupational injuries. Part of the year-end decline in occupational injuries observed in the SOII is likely due to recordkeeping error. There is also some evidence of strategic seasonal substitution between various health-compensation alternatives.

Nonfatal Occupational Injuries to Younger Workers - United States, 2012-2018.

Adolescents and young adults represent approximately 13% of the U.S. workforce (1). Compared with adult workers, young workers (aged 15-24 years) experience higher rates of job-related injury (2,3). To describe injuries among young workers and inform research and prevention activities, CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) analyzed national data for 2012-2018 from the occupational supplement to the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System* (NEISS-Work) and for 2018 from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (SOII).† During the 7-year period, an estimated 3.2 million (95% confidence interval [CI]=2.6-3.7) nonfatal, job-related injuries to young workers were treated in hospital emergency departments (EDs). From 2012 to 2018, annual rates of work-related injuries§ treated in the ED (ED-treated injuries) declined overall across all age groups but ranged from 1.2 to 2.3 times higher for workers aged 15-24 years compared with those for adults aged 25-44 years. Workers aged 18-19 years had the highest rate of ED-treated injuries. In 2018, among all age groups, workers in service occupations¶ had the highest percentage of injuries requiring at least 1 day away from work. Among workers aged 15-17 years, those in the leisure and hospitality industry had the highest percentage of work-related injuries requiring at least 1 day away from work. Occupational injuries can have long-term impacts on health (4). The disproportionate risk of injury among young workers highlights the need for sustained, targeted public health efforts to prepare this population with essential workplace safety and health competencies before they enter the workforce and to provide high-quality safety training and close supervision on the job. NIOSH and its partners developed a free curriculum to teach adolescents workplace safety and health competencies, which includes identification of workplace hazards and methods for addressing them, how to understand their rights and responsibilities as workers, and how to voice concerns about work safety issues (5).

The Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses Respondent Follow-Up Survey

The Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses Respondent Follow-Up Survey

Diş Hekimliği Öğrencileri Arasında Preklinik Dersleri Sırasında Meydana Gelen Mesleki Yaralanmaların Araştırılması

Diş Hekimliği Öğrencileri Arasında Preklinik Dersleri Sırasında Meydana Gelen Mesleki Yaralanmaların Araştırılması

Multi-source surveillance for work-related crushing injuries.

Work-related crushing injuries are serious but preventable. For 2013 through 2015, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics' (BLS) Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (SOII) reported 1260 crushing injuries in Michigan. In 2013, Michigan initiated multi-data source surveillance of work-related crushing injuries. Records from all 134 of Michigan's hospitals/emergency departments (EDs), the Workers Compensation Agency (WCA) and Michigan's Fatality Assessment Control and Evaluation (MIFACE) program were used to identify work-related crushing injuries. Companies, where individuals were hospitalized or had an ED visit for a crushing injury, potentially had an OSHA enforcement inspection conducted. From 2013 through 2015, there were 3137 work-related crushing injury incidents, including two fatalities. The Michigan OSHA program completed inspections at 77 worksites identified by the surveillance system. The Michigan multisource surveillance system identified two and a half times more crushing injuries than BLS and was useful for initiating case-based enforcement inspections.

Workers' compensation claims not reported in the Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses: Injury and claim characteristics.

Underreporting in the nation's primary source of non-fatal occupational injury and illness data are well documented, but worker-level characteristics of unreported cases have not been fully explored. Bureau of Labor Statistics' Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (SOII) data were linked to Washington workers' compensation claims to identify injury and claim characteristics associated with unreported cases. Workers' compensation administrative date data were used to characterize timing of disability and SOII case eligibility. Based on claim date data, one in five lost time claims with an injury date in the survey year were likely ineligible for SOII case reporting during the survey year. Among SOII-eligible claims, those involving sprains or strains, employer protests, and those not eligible for work disability payments until months after the initial injury were least likely to be reported in SOII. SOII case capture is limited both by its cross sectional survey design and employer underreporting. Am. J. Ind. Med. 60:264-275, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

A Study to Assess the effectiveness of an Information Booklet in terms of knowledge regarding Occupational hazards and Safety among workers working in selected chemical factories of Ahmedabad district of Gujarat state.

Background India is a growing economy, the world’s most vibrant and largest democracy and an aspiring superpower. Occupational safety and health (OSH) for India is a developmental tool’ and an empowering movement. As a result of globalization, Indian industry is exposed to the latest trends in OSH. Progressive industries have launched many initiatives to spread awareness on OSH among all stakeholders and to reduce OSH risks at workplace. A large number of companies have a corporate health, safety and environment (HSE) policy and have opted for various certifications in OHS [1] .Nearly 3.0 million nonfatal workplace injuries and illnesses were reported by private industry employers in 2012, resulting in an incidence rate of 3.4 cases per 100 equivalent full-time workers, according to estimates from the Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (SOII) conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics [2] .India’s population has crossed 1.21 billion according to recently released figures of the last government census carried out in 2011. Of these, 833 million reside in rural area and 377 million reside in urban area. Those in working age group are estimated to be 63.6%. More than 90% work in the informal economy, mainly agriculture and services (60% self-employed and 30% without regular jobs) [3] .Statistics on accidents and occupational illnesses is not easily available. The Director General of the Factory Advisory Services and Labour Institutes (DGFASLI) reported 1,509 fatal and 33,093 non-fatal injuries in 2009, using records from registered factories which employed about 5% of total workforce [4] . Research reports suggest that the official figures of fatalities and injuries may be grossly underestimated. The objectives of the study were 1) To assess the knowledge of workers regarding occupational hazards and safety. 2) To evaluate the effectiveness of information booklet on knowledge regarding occupational hazards and safety. 3) To find out association of pre-test knowledge score towards occupational hazards and safety with selected demographic variables of workers. Material and Methods- Data was collected from 6o samples with structured questionnaire to evaluate the effectiveness of informational booklet. Assessment done from 0day,7day and follow up to assess knowledge. Result- Majority of the samples (38.3%) was in the age group of 26-33 years. As regards to gender majority of samples (88.3%) were male. As regards to educational status majority of samples (36.7%) had Higher Education. As regards to the total work experience majority of samples (66.7%) had 1.1-5 years of experience. as regards to Monthly Income majority (68.3%) samples were in 5001-10,000. As regards to types of employment majority of samples (90%) were in temporary type. As regards to source of Information majority of samples (90%) had never attended any seminar or training on OHS. As regards to type of exposure majority of samples (76.7%) had direct exposure. As regards to duration of exposure to dye per day majority of samples (58.3%) had 6 to 9 hours of exposure. As regards to duration of periodical health checkup majority of samples (61.7%) had need base. As regards to presence of any occupational disease or illness majority of samples (83.3%) had no any disease or illness. The mean pre test knowledge score was 11.17 and the mean post test knowledge score was 18.17. Conclusion- The overall experience of conducting this study was satisfying one, as there was good co-operation from patient. The study was a new learning experience for the Researcher. The aim of the study was to assess the factors affecting to compliance of antiretroviral treatment, were 73% patients believe in ART, 72% aware about ART, 69% believe that ART increase life span. 75% stigma affect, 74%respond that special consideration given for ART where they doing job,89% patient said cost of transportation affect 71% experience the side effect, 49% patient said side effect of ART has impact in regularity of treatment, 58% patient said other medicine affects in compliance to ART. These data will assist the health workers to detect the high risk patient who need intervention for compliance to ART.

Putting violence in perspective: how safe are America’s educators in the workplace?

As safety in schools continues to be in the national spotlight, the need to identify circumstances that jeopardize the educators' safety becomes pressing. Violent events capture our attention; however, do violent events compose the majority of educator workplace injuries and illnesses? If not, then what are the events and sources under which educators are hurt or killed on the job? To address these questions, we compare workplace violence experienced by educators with their overall workplace injuries and illnesses. Fatal injury data were taken from the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries and nonfatal days-away-from-work data from the Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses. This article also examines differences in educator workplace injuries and illnesses by level of instruction, sector, and gender. From 2011 through 2014, transportation incidents led to the most fatalities among educators--violent events were the second most frequent. In 2014, falls, slips, and trips led to the most nonfatal days-away-from-work cases--violent events were the second most frequent. Language: en

농작업 손상에 대한 주관적 부담의 종류 및 특성

OBJECTIVES: In establishing policies for agricultural safety, evaluating injury burdens as well as investigating the rates and characteristics of work injury is important. This study investigated the types and characteristics of agricultural injury subjective burdens. METHODS: By analyzing the injured farmers identified in the 2013 Korean Farmers' Occupational Injury Survey, the burdens caused by injuries were categorized using one direct cost item (medical costs) and five indirect cost items (including productivity decreases and wage increases). Statistical differences among the burden items were analyzed using logistic regression analysis according to the characteristics of the farmers and their farm injuries. RESULTS: Among the subjective burdens indicated by the 457 injured farmers, disruption to work was most common. The major influences on each subjective burden item are as follows: for the item of disruption to work, age, time of injury occurrence, treatment period, and farming machine use were influential; for an increased family member's burden of farm works, the number of family members and treatment period were influential. Regarding cost burden of treatment, the results varied according to whether or not the patient was hospitalized and annual income. CONCLUSION: Subjective burdens induced by indirect costs rather than those induced by direct costs were found to be higher in ratio. In regard to each burden item, the results varied according to the characteristics of the farmers and their farm injuries. To support injured farmer, setting goals to reduce indirect cost burdens and preparing concrete methods is necessary. Language: en

Does the year-end decline in injury risk reflect reporting error?

Relatively little is known about seasonal patterns in occupational injury risk. Injury risk may vary seasonally due to weather-related factors or changing work exposure. Employer confusion about recordkeeping rules and injury occurrence near year end may also lead to an undercount of year-end injuries. Case records from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses and Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries were used to determine seasonality for a variety of injury types. Reported injury rates were higher in summer and lower at year end. Difficult-to-identify injuries showed greater year-end incidence declines. End-of-year injury declines may have reflected reporting errors for some injury types. The summertime increase in injury risk was broad-based and presumably reflected real seasonal factors.

Impact of differential injury reporting on the estimation of the total number of work‐related amputations

A capture-recapture analysis was performed to estimate the total number of work-related amputations. We examined the impact of misclassification due to differential injury reporting on the estimate of total number of work-related amputations. Bureau of Labor Statistics' Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (SOII) samples and workers' compensation records (WC) were used to estimate the total number of work-related amputations. Some of the amputation cases in one data source matched with injuries other than amputations in the other data source. We performed sensitivity analyses reassigning such cases as matched amputations. Depending on how we treated the cases matched with other injuries, the total number of work-related amputations ranged from 276 to 442 cases, yielding dramatically different capture rates (35-87%). Due to differential classification, estimates of work-related amputations would be biased. Our findings highlight the importance of accurately reporting and classifying work-related injuries and illnesses.

0354 Non-fatal agricultural injuries: Surveillances in the Midwestern United States

ObjectivesThe objective was to estimate the agriculture injury rate in in the United States. The Bureau of Labour Statistics conducts Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries and Survey of Occupational Injuries...

English-Language Proficiency and Occupational Risk Among Hispanic Immigrant Men in the United States

We use data from the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, the Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, and the 2000 U.S. decennial census to analyze how occupational risk relates to the earnings of Hispanic immigrant men. Our findings indicate that those with limited English-language fluency received significantly higher compensating wages in unsafe jobs than their English-fluent counterparts. The larger occupational-risk premiums accrued by limited-English-proficient (LEP) foreign-born Hispanic men also hold when further including U.S.-born Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic White men in the sample. These findings are consistent with underlying differences in preferences toward wages versus safety between LEP and English-proficient workers and/or differences in coverage under formal workers’ compensation programs, perhaps because undocumented workers (many of whom already faced hazardous conditions when migrating illegally to work in the United States) comprise a disproportionate share of the LEP. However, our data and methodologies do not allow us to determine whether these premiums adequately compensate the LEP for the occupational risk they undertake.

Injury underreporting among small establishments in the construction industry

There is convincing evidence that occupational injury and illness rates, particularly those reported by employers in the BLS' Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (SOII), substantially underestimate the true magnitude of injury and illness in the construction industry. Fifteen years of data from five large nationally representative data sources were analyzed, including SOII, CFOI, CBP, CPS, and MEPS. Regression trends and ratio analyses were conducted, and stratified by establishment size and Hispanic ethnicity. Small construction establishments were most likely to underreport injuries. The SOII data only captured 25% of severe injuries among Hispanic workers, and 60% among white workers in small construction establishments. Underreporting is pervasive in the construction industry for small establishments and Hispanic workers. Given that small establishments are predominant in the U.S. construction industry, they should be the focus of a larger effort to identify the true extent of construction-related injuries.

Nonfatal construction industry‐related injuries treated in hospital emergency departments in the United States, 1998–2005

This study documented the burden of nonfatal construction industry work-related injuries treated in hospital emergency departments in the United States (US) from 1998 through 2005 and described injured worker demographics and injury characteristics. Data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System work-related injury supplement (NEISS-Work) were used to identify and describe construction industry-related injuries. Rates were estimated using data from the Current Population Survey. An estimated 3,216,800 (95% CI 2,241,400-4,192,200) construction industry-related injuries were seen in US emergency departments during the 8-year period; this represented an injury rate of 410/10,000 full-time equivalents and suggests that there are a greater number of construction injuries than reported through the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (BLS SOII). Common characteristics included diagnoses of laceration, sprain/strain, and contusion/abrasion; events of contact with an object/equipment, bodily reaction/exertion, and falls; and sources of injury of parts/materials; structures/surfaces; and tools/instruments/equipment. The upper extremities were most often affected. These data highlight the high burden of nonfatal construction industry-related injuries. The limitations of national occupational injury data sources inherent in relying on OSHA logs highlight the utility of NEISS-Work data in occupational injury research. While data captured from emergency departments are not immune to factors that influence whether a worker or an employer reports an injury as work-related or files a workers' compensation claim, emergency department data as collected through NEISS-Work do not rely on employer involvement in order to be classified as work-related.