Survey Of History Research Articles

Audiological Characterization of Individuals with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome.

Introduction Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is a genetic disorder in which individuals may present sensorineural and/or conductive hearing loss, and the results of behavioral auditory assessments are not accurate. Objective To characterize the audiological profile of individuals with CdLS through behavioral, electroacoustic, and electrophysiological audiological assessments. Methods The study included 13 individuals of both sexes, aged between 3 and 26 years, with diagnoses confirmed through genetic studies. The following procedures were performed: medical history survey, otoscopy (pure-tone audiometry [PTA], speech audiometry, and acoustic immittance measures), and auditory brainstem response (ABR). Results In total 62.50% of the participants who underwent PTA had abnormal results (all of which were mild), with a predominance of bilateral conductive hearing loss (60%). Regarding tympanometry, 76.93% had abnormal results, most frequently type B (85.72% on the right and 88.89% on the left ear). Acoustic reflexes showed results compatible with tympanometry changes. Changes in ABR latency values compatible with middle-ear impairment were found in 8 of them (66.66%) - 3 had bilateral (37.50%), and 5 had unilateral impairments (62.50%). Conclusion Mild hearing loss was identified in 62.5% of the individuals with CdLS who underwent the behavioral audiological assessment. In the acoustic immittance measures, 76.9% of the participants presented a tympanometry curve characteristic of middle-ear changes. Acoustic reflexes were absent in 84.6% of the subjects. In the ABR, no changes were identified in auditory pathway integrity. On the other hand, changes in the absolute latency values were found, which are characteristic of conductive hearing loss.

Impulsivity, trauma history, and interoceptive awareness contribute to completion of a criminal diversion substance use treatment program for women.

In the US, women are one of the fastest-growing segments of the prison population and more than a quarter of women in state prison are incarcerated for drug offenses. Substance use criminal diversion programs can be effective. It may be beneficial to identify individuals who are most likely to complete the program versus terminate early as this can provide information regarding who may need additional or unique programming to improve the likelihood of successful program completion. Prior research investigating prediction of success in these programs has primarily focused on demographic factors in male samples. The current study used machine learning (ML) to examine other non-demographic factors related to the likelihood of completing a substance use criminal diversion program for women. A total of 179 women who were enrolled in a criminal diversion program consented and completed neuropsychological, self-report symptom measures, criminal history and demographic surveys at baseline. Model one entered 145 variables into a machine learning (ML) ensemble model, using repeated, nested cross-validation, predicting subsequent graduation versus termination from the program. An identical ML analysis was conducted for model two, in which 34 variables were entered, including the Women's Risk/Needs Assessment (WRNA). ML models were unable to predict graduation at an individual level better than chance (AUC = 0.59 [SE = 0.08] and 0.54 [SE = 0.13]). Post-hoc analyses indicated measures of impulsivity, trauma history, interoceptive awareness, employment/financial risk, housing safety, antisocial friends, anger/hostility, and WRNA total score and risk scores exhibited medium to large effect sizes in predicting treatment completion (p < 0.05; ds = 0.29 to 0.81). Results point towards the complexity involved in attempting to predict treatment completion at the individual level but also provide potential targets to inform future research aiming to reduce recidivism.

Two pediatric hereditary angioedemathe families: case report and literature review

Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics of two families with hereditary angioedema in children. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the general information, clinical manifestations, genetic variations, and laboratory test results of two families diagnosed with hereditary angioedema at Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital from December 2022 to May 2023. And using keywords such as "children" "adolescent" "infant" "toddler" "pediatric" "hereditary angioedema" search for relevant literature from VIP, Wanfang, CNKI, PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar from the establishment of the database until January 2024 and summarize the diagnosis and clinical characteristics of hereditary angioed in children. Results: Case 1, female, 12 years old, presented with intermittent abdominal pain for 8 years, aggravated with vomiting for 2 days. Eight years ago, without a clear cause, case 1 experienced abdominal pain and underwent two abdominal surgeries. The concentration of C1 esterase inhibitor was 0.46 g/L, and the function of C1 esterase inhibitor was less than 0.01. The SERPING1 gene had a c.1396C>G variation, and she was diagnosed with hereditary angioedema type Ⅱ. Among the other 13 family members, 8 had swelling in different parts, and 2 had died. Case 2, female, 17 years old, was diagnosed with hereditary angioedema type Ⅰ due to intermittent limb swelling for more than 2 years. She had C4 of 0.09 g/L, C1 esterase inhibitor concentration of 0.05 g/L, C1 esterase inhibitor function <0.01, SERPING1 gene c.882C>G variation. Two out of the other 12 family members experienced intermittent skin swelling. Literature review meets the search criteria with 0 Chinese literature and 15 English literature, including a total of 524 cases of hereditary angioedema in children. Combined with 2 families in this group, there are 5 families with hereditary angioedema in children as the proband. The onset time is 1-15 years old, and the diagnosis delay time is -0.9 to 20.0 years. Two hundred and sixty-three cases (50.2%) of the children had a family history survey, of which 229 cases (87.1%) had a positive family history. Two hundred and fifty-seven cases (49.0%) had clear disease classification, with type Ⅰ being the main type, accounting for 234 cases (91.1%). The clinical symptoms of 296 children (56.5%) were described in detail, including 262 cases (88.5%) with skin edema in different parts, 176 cases (59.5%) with abdominal pain, and 61 cases (20.6%) with upper respiratory tract edema in the throat. Conclusions: Hereditary angioedema is mainly characterized by episodic skin and mucosal swelling, with individualized differences in the locations and characteristics of the onset. Hereditary angioedema in children is often overlooked, and patients with a positive family history of episodic skin and mucosal swelling need to actively undergo complement level testing.

Adverse childhood experiences and falls in older adults: The mediating role of depression

ObjectivesTo explore the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and falls in older adults, and the mediating effects of depression on such associations. MethodsThis is a prospective study used survey data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Twelve expanded ACEs obtained from the 2014 Life History Survey. Depression levels were assessed using the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-10. Self-reported outcomes of falling evaluated based on “Have you fallen down since the last survey?” and “How many times have you fallen down seriously enough to need medical treatment?” Logistic regression models were used to explore the relationship between ACEs with falls and recurrent falls. Poisson regression models were used to explore the relationship between ACEs and number of severe falls. Besides, mediation analysis was used to explore whether depression mediates the relationship between ACEs and falls in older adults. ResultsThe more adverse childhood experiences experienced, the higher the risk of fall and recurrent falls, and the more severe the falls. Additionally, depression partially mediated the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and falls. Besides, middle-aged individuals were more susceptible to the impact of adverse childhood experiences on falls than older individuals, especially males. ConclusionsExposure to adverse childhood experiences is associated with falls in older adults, and depression partially mediates this association. Middle-aged adults were more susceptible to the impact of adverse childhood experiences on falls. These offer important information for clinical practice and public health interventions to prevent falls and reduce fall-related injuries among older adults.

Medical comorbidities and lower myelin content are associated with poor cognition in young adults with perinatally acquired HIV.

Approximately 40% of adults living with HIV experience cognitive deficits. Little is known about the risk factors for cognitive impairment and its association with myelin content in young adults living with perinatally acquired HIV (YApHIV), which is assessed in our cross-sectional study. A prospective, observational cohort study. All participants underwent an 11-test cognitive battery and completed medical and social history surveys. Cognitive impairment was defined as Z scores falling at least 1.5 SD below the mean in at least two domains. Twelve participants underwent myelin water imaging. Neuroimaging data were compared to age and sex-matched HIV-uninfected controls. Regression analyses were used to evaluate for risk factors of lower cognitive domain scores and association between myelin content and cognition in YApHIV. We enrolled 21 virally suppressed YApHIV across two sites in the United States. Ten participants (48%) met criteria for cognitive impairment. Participants with any non-HIV related medical comorbidity scored lower across multiple cognitive domains compared to participants without comorbidities. Myelin content did not differ between YApHIV and controls after adjusting for years of education. Lower cognitive scores were associated with lower myelin content in the cingulum and corticospinal tract in YApHIV participants after correcting for multiple comparisons. Poor cognition in YApHIV may be exacerbated by non-HIV related comorbidities as noted in older adults with horizontally acquired HIV. The corticospinal tract and cingulum may be vulnerable to the legacy effect of untreated HIV in infancy. Myelin content may be a marker of cognitive reserve in YApHIV.

Identifying risk factors for COVID-19 cluster infections in schools in the Republic of Korea: a case-control study.

No study has yet analyzed risk factors to determine whether students with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections may affect students at neighboring schools. Therefore, this study aimed to determine risk factors for COVID-19 transmission among schools within a community in the Republic of Korea. An epidemiological investigation was conducted among 696 students and school staff members at 3 schools where COVID-19 clusters began on October 15, 2021. Interviews, visit history surveys, a facility risk assessment, and closed-circuit television were used to identify risk factors. The statistical significance of risk factors was also evaluated. We confirmed 129 cases (18.5%) among the individuals exposed to COVID-19 at the 3 schools, many of whom had a history of visiting the same multi-use facilities. The odds ratio of having visited multi-use facilities such as karaoke rooms was 1.90 (95% confidence interval, 1.03-3.50); the number of visits to a karaoke room and the visit durations were significantly higher among confirmed cases than non-confirmed cases (p=0.02 and p=0.03, respectively). Having a history of visiting karaoke rooms often and spending a long time there were risk factors for COVID-19 infection and inter-school transmission. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the status of multi-use facilities frequently visited by adolescents and consider incorporating them into the scope of school quarantine to prevent infectious diseases at schools in a community.

Week-to-week changes in training were not prospectively associated with injuries among Wisconsin high school cross-country runners

BackgroundTraining characteristics, such as volume and duration, have been studied in relation to running-related injury (RRI) risk, with mixed findings in adult runners. There is a lack of research assessing...

Sex-based disparities with cost-related medication adherence issues in patients with hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure.

Identifying sources of sex-based disparities is the first step in improving clinical outcomes for female patients. Using All of Us data, we examined the association of biological sex with cost-related medication adherence (CRMA) issues in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities. Retrospective data collection identified the following patients: 18 and older, completing personal medical history surveys, having hypertension (HTN), ischemic heart disease (IHD), or heart failure (HF) with medication use history consistent with these diagnoses. Implementing univariable and adjusted logistic regression, we assessed the influence of biological sex on 7 different patient-reported CRMA outcomes within HTN, IHD, and HF patients. Our study created cohorts of HTN (n = 3891), IHD (n = 5373), and HF (n = 2151) patients having CRMA outcomes data. Within each cohort, females were significantly more likely to report various cost-related medication issues: being unable to afford medications (HTN hazards ratio [HR]: 1.68, confidence interval [CI]: 1.33-2.13; IHD HR: 2.33, CI: 1.72-3.16; HF HR: 1.82, CI: 1.22-2.71), skipping doses (HTN HR: 1.76, CI: 1.30-2.39; IHD HR: 2.37, CI: 1.69-3.64; HF HR: 3.15, CI: 1.87-5.31), taking less medication (HTN HR: 1.86, CI: 1.37-2.45; IHD HR: 2.22, CI: 1.53-3.22; HF HR: 2.99, CI: 1.78-5.02), delaying filling prescriptions (HTN HR: 1.83, CI: 1.43-2.39; IHD HR: 2.02, CI: 1.48-2.77; HF HR: 2.99, CI: 1.79-5.03), and asking for lower cost medications (HTN HR: 1.41, CI: 1.16-1.72; IHD HR: 1.75, CI: 1.37-2.22; HF HR: 1.61, CI: 1.14-2.27). Our results clearly demonstrate CRMA issues disproportionately affect female patients with cardiovascular comorbidities, which may contribute to the larger sex-based disparities in cardiovascular care. These findings call for targeted interventions and strategies to address these disparities and ensure equitable access to cardiovascular medications and care for all patients.

Unveiling the purely young star formation history of the SMC’s northeastern shell from colour–magnitude diagram fitting

ABSTRACT We obtain a quantitative star formation history (SFH) of a shell-like structure (‘shell’) located in the northeastern part of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). We use the Survey of the MAgellanic Stellar History to derive colour–magnitude diagrams (CMDs), reaching below the oldest main-sequence turnoff, from which we compute the SFHs with CMD-fitting techniques. We present, for the first time, a novel technique that uses red clump (RC) stars from the CMDs to assess and account for the SMC’s line-of-sight depth effect present during the SFH derivation. We find that accounting for this effect recovers a more accurate SFH. We quantify an $\sim$7 kpc line-of-sight depth present in the CMDs, in good agreement with depth estimates from RC stars in the northeastern SMC. By isolating the stellar content of the northeastern shell and incorporating the line-of-sight depth into our calculations, we obtain an unprecedentedly detailed SFH. We find that the northeastern shell is primarily composed of stars younger than $\sim$500 Myr, with significant star formation enhancements around $\sim$250 and $\sim$450 Myr. These young stars are the main contributors to the shell’s structure. We show synchronicity between the northeastern shell’s SFH with the Large Magellanic Cloud’s (LMC) northern arm, which we attribute to the interaction history of the SMC with the LMC and the Milky Way (MW) over the past $\sim$500 Myr. Our results highlight the complex interplay of ram pressure stripping and the influence of the MW’s circumgalactic medium in shaping the SMC’s northeastern shell.

The Significance of Off-Season Tailor-Made Baseline Measurements in the Assessment of Post-Concussion in University Athletes.

This study aimed to investigate the significance of baseline measurements for amateur team athletes playing contact and collision team sports with a specific focus on the Sports Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) to improve concussion management. Symptoms of sports-related concussions (SRCs) can be diverse and long-lasting and include cognitive impairment, sleep disturbances, and vestibular dysfunction. Therefore, comprehensive baseline data are essential to preventing recurrent concussions and secondary injuries. This study was conducted during the 2023 off-season and evaluated the baseline condition of 65 male university rugby players using the SCAT5, which includes self-reported symptoms, and the modified Balance Error Scoring System (mBESS). The athletes were assessed for the presence or absence of SRC, and the mean values were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Among the participants, 35.38% (23/65) reported symptoms, with an average of 1.5 ± 2.8 symptoms per player and an average symptom score of 2.66 ± 5.93. In the mBESS, no errors were observed in the tandem stance test; however, 72.31% (47/65) made errors in the single-leg stance test on the non-dominant foot, with an average of 1.7 ± 1.5 errors. Many athletes self-reported symptoms and balance errors, even during asymptomatic periods before experiencing concussion, indicating unresolved issues. In the injury history survey, the baseline evaluations and injury histories of the participants classified into the SRC and non-SRC groups were compared. In the mBESS single-leg stance test (non-dominant foot), 84.21% (32/38) of the SRC group participants made errors, with an average score of 2.13 ± 1.52, whereas 55.55% (15/27) of the non-SRC group participants made errors, with an average score of 1.15 ± 1.35, showing a significant difference (p = 0.007). Additionally, significant differences were observed in the average number of ankle sprains (p = 0.027) and fractures (p = 0.048) between patients with and without a history of SRC. These findings indicate that athletes may have underlying issues even during normal periods before concussion. Moreover, the results highlighted the impact of previous concussions on motor control and injury risk. This underscores the importance of preseason baseline measurements using the SCAT to identify at-risk athletes and implement preventive measures. These findings align with the recommendations of the 6th International Conference on Concussion in Sport and suggest further refinement of concussion assessment tools.

Dating Violence Experiences Among Sex-Trafficking Youths in Juvenile Detention

Juvenile justice involvement is a risk factor for sex trafficking, as is teen dating violence (TDV). However, little is known about how TDV victimization correlates with sex-trafficking victimization among girls in juvenile detention. This study was conducted with 111 detained female minors from two Arizona juvenile detention centers. All female detainees were screened for sex-trafficking risk factors by a clinical staff member and completed a series of surveys about their life experiences and a dating violence history survey. Nearly half of the participants, 42.3% ( n = 47), reported having experienced sex trafficking. Girls in juvenile detention who reported sex-trafficking victimization were significantly more likely to report higher scores on the TDV scale.

Declining hunter and trapper mail survey response rates between 1976 and 2020 in illinois

ABSTRACT We examined mail survey response rates between 1976 and 2020. All 129 studies analyzed: (a) were conducted by the Illinois Natural History Survey, (b) sampled the same population (Illinois hunters/trappers), (c) followed identical administration protocols, and (d) had the same structure. The unit of analysis was study year. Across all surveys, the average response rate was 67% (SD=.13) and ranged from a high of 86% (1982) to a low of 36% (2018). Among the waterfowl hunters, response rates ranged from 83% (1981) to 36% (2018). The comparable ranges for upland game hunters were 86% (1982) to 41% (2020), and for trappers the range was 85% (1989) to 50% (2020). The bivariate correlation between study year and response rate was −.95 for waterfowl surveys, −.86 for upland game surveys, and −.84 for trapper surveys. Results highlighted dramatic declines in response rates for all three activities over time.

Association between the clustering of adverse childhood experiences and sleep quality in middle-aged and older Chinese adults

Objective: To examine the association between the clustering of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and sleep quality in middle-aged and older Chinese adults. Methods: Data were from the Life History Survey in 2014 and the third wave follow-up survey in 2015 of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). A total of 10 824 participants aged 45 years and above were included in this study. According to the number of ACEs, the participants were divided into four groups: 0, 1, 2-3 and≥4 ACEs. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the association of ACEs clustering with inappropriate sleep duration and poor sleep quality in middle-aged and older adults. Results: Among the 10 824 participants with an average age of (60.83±9.06) years, 5 211 (48.14%) were males. About 6 111 participants (56.64%) had inappropriate sleep duration, and 3 640 participants (33.63%) had poor sleep quality. After adjusting for covariates including gender, age, residence, marital status, education, household consumption, BMI, smoking, drinking, and depression in adulthood, compared with the 0 ACE group, the risk of inappropriate sleep duration was significantly increased in the 2-3 ACEs group and≥4 ACEs group, while ORs (95%CIs) were 1.26 (1.12-1.41) and 1.43 (1.23-1.66), respectively. The risk of poor sleep quality in the 2-3 ACEs group and≥4 ACEs group was also significantly higher than that in the 0 ACE group, while ORs (95%CIs) were 1.28 (1.12-1.46) and 1.53 (1.29-1.80), respectively. Conclusion: ACEs clustering in childhood could negatively affect sleep duration and quality in middle-aged and older Chinese adults.

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt and bilateral herniotomies in mucopolysaccharidosis type I: A surgical challenge

ABSTRACT Mucopolysaccharidosis type I or Hurler syndrome (1 in 100,000) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by a defective IDUA gene which codes for α-L-iduronidase enzyme. Enzyme deficiency results in the accumulation of dermatan and heparan sulfate which leads to characteristic facial features, skeletal abnormalities, hepatosplenomegaly, cardiac and pulmonary disease, and progressive mental retardation. A 1-year-old male child presented with chief complaints of increasing head size and bilateral large inguinoscrotal swellings for 5 months. He had a motor developmental delay with poor speech at 1 year of age. The infant weighed 10 kg with a length of 76.5 cm and large head size with head circumference of 53.5 cm (&gt;97 centiles); the anterior fontanel was wide open. Facial features revealed prominent forehead, bilateral corneal clouding, and coarse facies. Per-abdomen examination revealed hepatosplenomegaly; inguinoscrotal evaluation revealed bilateral large reducible indirect inguinal hernias. Radiographic findings suggested dysostosis multiplex. Serial cranial ultrasonography revealed progressive hydrocephalus. Noncontrast computed tomography brain confirmed communicating type of hydrocephalus with periventricular ooze. Considering the clinical history, clinical examination, and skeletal survey, findings were consistent with mucopolysaccharidoses. Urine spot test for glycosaminoglycans for mucopolysaccharidosis was positive. Enzyme analysis of alpha-L-iduronidase showed deficient levels. A molecular study revealed a homozygous mutation in the IDUA gene confirming the diagnosis of Hurler syndrome. The right ventriculoperitoneal shunt was performed after preoperative optimization. Bilateral inguinal hernia repair was contemplated after a gap of 8 weeks. On 9-month follow-up, there was a gradual reduction in ventricular hemispheric ratio, and the patient is doing well on follow-up. Surgical management of the MPS I patient is challenging, but with timely medical and surgical treatment, the prognosis is improving.

Development of an Infantile GM2 Clinical Rating Scale: Remote Assessment of Clinically Meaningful Health-Related Function.

GM2 gangliosidoses (GM2) are a group of rare lysosomal storage disorders in which accumulation of GM2 gangliosides results in progressive central nervous system damage. The infantile GM2 phenotype is characterized by delays in milestones by 6 months of age, followed by rapid loss of motor, cognitive, and visual function. Advancements in early diagnosis and pharmacotherapies provide promise for improved outcomes. However, the lack of feasible and clinically meaningful clinical outcome assessments for GM2 poses a challenge to characterizing GM2 natural history and selecting clinical trial endpoints. The purpose of this study was to develop a remotely administered infantile GM2 rating scale to measure health-related function in children with infantile GM2. A 2-phase mixed methods design was employed. In phase 1 of the study, 8 families of children with Infantile GM2 completed a natural history survey and a 1:1 semistructured interview to provide caregiver perspectives on the impacts of GM2 on health-related function. In phase 2 of the study, 8 expert clinicians provided feedback via surveys and participated in videoconference-hosted focus groups to refine scale administration and scoring procedures. These methods guided the development of 16 scale items to assess function in 5 health-related function domains: vision, hand and arm use, communication, gross motor, and feeding. This study used caregiver perspectives and expert clinician feedback to develop a remotely administered clinical outcome assessment of clinically meaningful health-related function in children with infantile GM2. Future studies will further evaluate the feasibility, reliability, and validity of the Infantile GM2 Clinical Rating Scale.

The mental health burden of food allergies: Insights from patients and their caregivers from the Food Allergy Research & Education (FARE) Patient Registry

BackgroundFood allergies impose a large psychosocial burden, including mental, emotional, and social aspects, on both patients and their caregivers. Patients, caregivers, and their families often experience anxiety, isolation, and fear around food allergies. ObjectiveTo assess the real-world mental health burden of food allergies, using the Food Allergy Research & Education (FARE) Patient Registry (NCT04653324). MethodsSelf-reported data from patients with food allergies, and their caregivers, were analyzed from the FARE Food Allergy History and Mental Health Concerns surveys. Odds ratios were also calculated as a measure of association between patient food allergy characteristics and the likelihood of having mental health concerns or a formal mental health diagnosis. ResultsThe FARE Patient Registry included 1680 patients/caregivers. Anxiety (54%) and panic (32%) were the most common emotions that patients reported as a result of eating the food that produced an allergic reaction. About two-thirds of patients reported mental health concerns related to food allergies (62%), including anxiety after an allergic reaction, anxiety about living with food allergies, and concerns about food avoidance. Caregivers also experienced fear for the safety of their children, and often sought mental health care to cope with worry related to caring for patients with food allergies. The likelihood of having food allergy-related mental health concerns was increased for patients experiencing more than 1 reaction per year (OR 1.68–1.90) and was lowered for patients having a formal mental health diagnosis (OR 0.43). Caregivers filling out the FARE survey for pediatric patients (OR 4.03) and experiencing food allergy-related mental health concerns (OR 2.36) were both significant predictors for having a formal mental health diagnosis. ConclusionOur study highlights a continuing unmet need for mental health screening and support as part of the management of patients with food allergies.

Cohort profile: Life-course experiences and pregnancy (LEAP)-A retrospective pregnancy cohort for life-course reproductive health research.

Life course factors may be associated with pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain; however, collecting information on pre-pregnancy exposures and pregnancy health in the same cohort is challenging. The Life-course Experiences And Pregnancy (LEAP) study aims to identify adolescent and young adult risk factors for pre-pregnancy weight and gestational weight gain (GWG). We built upon an existing cohort study to overcome challenges inherent to studying life course determinants of pregnancy health. Participants in an ongoing prospective cohort study of weight-related health who identified as women. Retrospective cohort study. In 2019-2020, 1,252 women participating since adolescence in a cohort study of weight-related health were invited to complete an online reproductive history survey. Participants who reported a live birth were invited to release their prenatal, delivery, and postpartum medical records for validation of survey reports. Descriptive analyses were conducted to assess the characteristics of the overall cohort and the medical record validation subsample, and to describe adolescent and young adult characteristics of those with high (>80th percentile), moderate (20th-80th percentile), and low (<20th percentile) GWG z-score for gestational age and pre-pregnancy weight status. Nine hundred seventy-seven women (78%) completed the LEAP survey and 656 reported a live birth. Of these, 379 (58%) agreed to release medical records, and 250 records were abstracted (66% of the 379). Of the 977 survey respondents 769 (79%) reported attempting a pregnancy, and 656 (67%) reported at least one live birth. The validation subsample was similar to the overall cohort. Women with a high GWG had a higher adolescent BMI percentile and prevalence of unhealthy weight control behaviors than those with moderate or low GWG. LEAP offers a valuable resource for identifying life course factors that may influence the health of pregnant people and their offspring.

Adverse childhood experiences, sarcopenia, and social participation in older adults: a cohort study

ObjectivesTo examine the relationships between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and developing sarcopenia in older adults and the modifying effects of active social participation.MethodsThis prospective cohort study used survey data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, including baseline surveys from 2011, follow-up data from 2013, follow-up data from 2015, and information on ACEs from the 2014 Life History Survey. Information concerning 10 ACEs, including five threat-related ACEs and five deprivation-related ACEs before 17 years of age was obtained by questionnaires through face-to-face interviews. Sarcopenia status was assessed according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 algorithm, consisted of low muscle mass, and low muscle strength, or poor physical performance. The relationship between ACEs, social participation, and sarcopenia was evaluated using Cox proportional hazard regression models.ResultsThe study population comprised 6859 older adults in main analyses. Having experienced ≥ 3 ACEs led to an increased 31% risk of developing sarcopenia (hazard ratio [HR]:1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.10–1.56). Participants having experienced ≥ 2 threat-related ACEs (HR:1.22, 95%CI:1.04–1.43) or deprivation-related ACEs (HR:1.22, 95%CI:1.02–1.46) had a 22% higher risk of developing sarcopenia. Active social participation significantly modified the association between ACEs (p < 0.05), especially threat-related ACEs (p < 0.05), and sarcopenia.ConclusionsACEs were associated with the development of sarcopenia; however, social participation had a modifying effect. These findings provide insights for early identification of vulnerable groups, advance intervention timing, and highlight the benefits of promoting active social participation among individuals with sarcopenia who have experienced ACEs.

Associations of demographics, aggravating factors, comorbidities, and treatments with atopic dermatitis severity in China: A national cross-sectional study.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder impacting populations worldwide, although its clinical characteristics and patient demographics remain uncharacterized in China. The aim of this study was to investigate the demographics, comorbidities, aggravating factors, and treatments in AD patients across different age groups in China. This cross-sectional study included Chinese AD patients from 205 hospitals spanning 30 provinces. Patients completed dermatologist-led surveys of general medical history, comorbidities, AD-related aggravating factors, and medications. Two-level mixed-ordered logistic regression was used to evaluate aggravating factors. Overall, 16,838 respondents were included in the final analysis (age 30.9±24.1years). The proportion of severe AD was the highest in patients with AD onset at ≥60 years (26.73%). Allergic rhinitis and hypertension were the most common atopic and metabolism-related non-atopic comorbidities, respectively. AD severity was significantly associated with chronic urticaria, food allergies, and diabetes. Aggravating factors including foods, seasonal changes, and psychological factors were also linked to AD severity. The cross-sectional survey implied that severe AD may be related to the undertreatment of effective systemic or topical interventions. To enhance the management of AD, it is crucial to consider both aggravating factors and the increased utilization of systemic immunotherapy. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05316805, CORNERSTONE.

Can Retrospective Reports Provide Accurate Job History Information? A Comparison With Concurrent Reports in a National Prospective Study of Older Adults.

The growing interest in the impact of lifetime occupational exposures on later-life health underscores the need to expand and evaluate the quality of data resources. The present study took advantage of a retrospective life history survey fielded within the context of the Health and Retirement Study to assess the accuracy of retrospectively obtained information on job history. We evaluated hypotheses related to job history and respondent characteristics to understand more about factors associated with recall accuracy. We used data from the Life History Mail Survey (LHMS), a self-administered survey conducted in 2015 and 2017. We compared the match rate of work status collected in the LHMS questionnaire with data collected concurrently during HRS core face-to-face or phone interviews from 1992 through 2016 with respect to jobs held at the time of the interview. We also conducted a limited set of comparisons of occupation and industry match. The sample was 61.79% women, 82.12% White, and 8.57% Hispanic with a mean age of 74.70 years. The overall work status match rate was 83%. Jobs held longer ago were recalled with less accuracy. Jobs held for longer durations and that were full-time rather than part-time were recalled with greater accuracy. More complex job histories that involved a larger number of jobs were also associated with a lower match rate. Higher levels of conscientiousness and cognitive functioning were both associated with a higher match between the two sources of work status information. The occupation match rate was 69%, and the industry match rate was 77%. A self-administered, paper-and-pencil questionnaire attempting to measure decades-long histories of autobiographically important dimensions of life can provide reasonably accurate historical employment information. Several factors are likely to influence the relative accuracy of recalled information.