Survey-based Descriptive Study Research Articles

Spinal Cord Injuries in Iraq: A Teleassessment Survey of the Survivors from 2017 to 2018 Islamic State of Iraq and Syria War.

Introduction: The significance of comprehensive investigations specifically addressing the characteristics and implications of nervous system injuries (NSIs) and particularly war-related spinal cord injuries (SCI) remain limited. Iraq lacks comprehensive survey studies for quality of life for people after SCI. The objective of this work was to identify the number of NSIs and mortality of those injured during the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) war in Iraq and analyze events specifically as sociodemographic variables to assess quality of life healthy, psychological, and social disorders from onset of injury till the involving. Methods: A survey-based descriptive study, and analytical retrospective at community-based of Nineveh Governorate, in Iraq. The participants were 34 survivors of ISIS war with SCIs, ages between 9 and 60 years, and 7 females (20.59%) and 27 males (79.41%) as registered in Nineveh Center of Disability Rehabilitation. Data collection was conducted using Telephone Video Interviews and respondents' health information. Protocol-specific questions and some psychological and social scales (PTSD) (DSM-IV), (TAS-20), (SWLS), and (MSPSS) were also used. Results: There were 2,990 NSIs with the highest rate of injuries occurring from 2017 to 2018, and the SCIs were 267 injuries (8.93%), and (70.59%) at level T the mortalities were 57 cases, all participants suffered from physical and psychological chronic complications, while the results of the PTSD, GPC, and SWLS were at a moderate level. Conclusions: In urban warfare, there's a rise in NSIs, notably SCIs influenced by the type of weaponry. The survivors face significant physical, psychological, social, and financial burdens. More research is crucial to understanding their situations and developing strategies to alleviate their health, social, and financial challenges.

Mathematics Proficiency -- A Systematic Literature Review

There have been a significant number of studies on mathematical proficiency; however, there are no classifications on research related to it. This study aims to gather and analyze previous studies on mathematical proficiency based on its publication year, research subject, methods, and results. This research is a survey-based descriptive study using the SLR method. The survey was conducted with secondary data in the form of research articles on mathematical proficiency at all educational levels, teachers and students were also included from 2010 to 2020. The steps included in this research were data collection, data analysis, and conclusion. Collected data were in the form of research articles published in international journals and proceedings indexed in Scopus and other trusted databases, such as Thomson, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Eric databases. The results show that the majority of research on mathematical proficiency was the ones performed in the year 2019 with percentages of 20% and 16%, and the most significant subject were junior high school students with 21%. Results on mathematical proficiency were based on the level of proficiency, positive and negative correlations between mathematical proficiency and other variables, efforts in improving mathematical proficiency, and the assessment of mathematical proficiency. The results suggest that this research could support further studies on mathematical proficiency. Keywords: mathematics proficiency, systematic literature review

Perceived Stress Among Nurses at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Saudi Arabia During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The stress level of nurses, especially frontline staff, directly impacts their physical and mental health as well as work efficiency. However, few studies have been conductedto understand the stress level of nurses related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The aim of this study is to assess the level of perceived stress among nurses at a tertiary care teaching hospital (King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah) in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional survey-based descriptive study involved 1044 nurses working at a tertiary care/teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was used to assess nurses' stress levels. The study was conducted in July 2021 by selecting clinical nurses from different nursing units. Considering the current situation of social isolation, an online cross-sectional survey using Google Forms was used. Data analysis was performed using IBMSPSSStatistics for Windows, Version 21 (Released 2012; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Out of 1044 nursing professionals, 93 (8.9%) reported experiencing low levels of stress, 915 (87.6%) reported moderate levels of stress, and 36 (3.4%) reported high perceived stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study found that gender (p=0.001) and nationality (p=0.016) had significant effects on stress levels. The three major causes of stress identified by the nurses were workload, lack of resources, and fear of contracting COVID-19. Job-related stress continues to be an issue in the nursing workforce. The effects of stress experienced by nurses impact job satisfaction and retention, which, in turn, can affect the quality of patient care. This study highlights that nurses in a tertiary care (COVID care) teaching hospital in our setting often experience stress and anxiety during the pandemic. It is worth noting that this is the first study conducted to understand the level of stress perceived by nursing staff during the COVID-19 pandemic in our current study setting. The findings indicate that a considerable number of nurses experienced moderate levels of stress during COVID-19, which can have implications for patient care. Recognizing and understanding the job-related stressors of nurses can help nurse leaders implement more effective strategies aimed at reducing nurses' stress and subsequently improving patient outcomes.

Personal Health Record (PHR) Experience and Recommendations for a Transformation in Saudi Arabia.

A Personal Health Record (PHR) is a patient-managed platform for health data. Most hospitals provide a PHR as an extension of the Electronic Medical Record (EMR). However, there are unresolved issues around the adoption rate, functionalities, barriers and, more importantly, the impact of the PHR on patients' health. A cross-sectional, survey-based descriptive study was conducted in which patients from four main tertiary hospitals in Saudi Arabia were targeted from September 2022 to February 2023. The survey was tested and validated to address the objectives of the study. The survey covered components related to intention to use the PHR, required functions, obstacles and expected outcomes. This study involved 396 participants from the top four hospitals. It was discovered that the majority of them had intentions to use the PHR (93%) and believed it to be useful (94%) and easy to use (94%). It was widely agreed that accessing medical records (77%), scheduling appointments (88%), renewing medication (90%), tracking patient data (70%) and receiving personalized education (78%) were essential aspects of the PHR. Furthermore, the survey revealed that 54% of respondents saw a positive effect on their health status. A significant number of participants, around 54%, expressed concerns about the privacy of their PHR, and 46% reported concerns about the accuracy of their information. The study found that demographic factors and the type of hospital did not have a statistically significant association with the intention to use the PHR. Our findings showed that there were no significant barriers to adopting the PHR. Additionally, we found that less than half of the participants believed that their current PHR helped them to improve their health. This highlights the need for healthcare organizations to focus on improving the PHR's functionality and overall purpose. Instead of simply providing basic features, the PHR should allow patients to manage their health information comprehensively, including compiling information from hospitals and patient-generated data. Having a PHR is crucial in improving an individual's overall health. As technology advances, more data are being generated that should be included in the PHR to ensure an accurate and comprehensive view of the patient's health. Expanding the scope of the PHR to include capabilities beyond merely hospital data is important. Achieving this requires an open and honest discussion about the role of the PHR, potential obstacles and how to coordinate efforts among different stakeholders.

Korean scholarly journal editors’ and publishers’ attitudes towards journal data sharing policies and data papers (2023): a survey-based descriptive study

Purpose: This study aimed to ascertain the attitudes of Korean scholarly journal editors and publishers toward research data sharing policies and the publication of data papers through a survey.Methods: Between May 16 and June 16, 2023, a SurveyMonkey survey link was distributed to 388 societies, including 270 member societies of the Korean Council of Science Editors and 118 societies that used an e-submission system operated by the Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information. A total of 78 societies (20.1%) responded, from which 72 responses (18.6%) were analyzed after excluding invalid responses.Results: Out of the representatives of 72 journals, 20 editors or publishers (27.8%) declared a data sharing policy. Those journals that did not have such a policy often expressed uncertainty about their future plans regarding this issue. A common concern was a potential decrease in manuscript submissions, primarily due to the increased workload this policy might impose on editors and manuscript editors. Four respondents (5.6%) had published data papers, with two of them including this as a publication type in their author guidelines. Concerns about copyright and data licensing were cited as drawbacks to publishing data papers. However, the expansion of publication types and the promotion of data reuse were viewed as benefits.Conclusion: Korean scholarly journal editors’ and publishers’ attitudes toward data sharing policy and publishing data papers are not yet favorable. More training courses are needed to raise awareness of data sharing platforms and emphasize the need for research data sharing and data papers.

Current status and demand for the advancement of <i>Clinical Endoscopy</i>: a survey-based descriptive study

Purpose: This survey study aimed to investigate the current status, issues, and needs related to <i>Clinical Endoscopy</i> (CE), the official international journal of the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (KSGE).Methods: A 10-item survey was emailed to domestic KSGE members between May 1 and May 15, 2023. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results: In total, 216 complete responses were analyzed. Most respondents (46.8%) read CE once or twice monthly. The proportion of respondents who read the journal once or twice a year or did not read it at all was quite high, at 36.6%. The most informative article type was review articles (53%), and the least-read type was editorials (33%). Ninety-nine respondents (45.8%) stated that they did not want to submit their articles to CE because CE is not a Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) journal (38.4%). Eighty-nine respondents (41.2%) did not cite CE articles in their manuscripts. Furthermore, 41.2% of the respondents declined review invitations because they were too busy (73.0%). The two most common requests for <i>CE</i> were to increase the number of guidelines and review articles (38.0%) and to improve the journal quality (34.7%).Conclusion: Although <i>CE</i> is a representative journal of KSGE, the level of interest and concern for <i>CE</i> among society members was relatively low. Nonetheless, this survey offers valuable insights into the needs and current status of <i>CE</i>, paving the way for its further development. It is clear that more efforts and investments from the society and the editorial board are necessary.

Relationships between undergraduate medical students' attitudes toward communication skills learning and demographics in Zambia: a survey-based descriptive study.

This study aimed to detect relationships between undergraduate students' attitudes toward communication skills learning and demographic variables (such as age, academic year, and gender). Understanding these relationships could provide information for communication skills facilitators and curriculum planners on structuring course delivery and integrating communication skills training into the medical curriculum. The descriptive study involved a survey of 369 undergraduate students from 2 medical schools in Zambia who participated in communication skills training stratified by academic year using the Communication Skills Attitude Scale. Data were collected between October and December 2021 and analyzed using IBM SPSS for Windows version 28.0. One-way analysis of variance revealed a significant difference in attitude between at least 5 academic years. There was a significant difference in attitudes between the 2nd and 5th academic years (t=5.95, P˂0.001). No significant difference in attitudes existed among the academic years on the negative subscale; the 2nd and 3rd (t=3.82, P=0.004), 4th (t=3.61, P=0.011), 5th (t=8.36, P˂0.001), and 6th (t=4.20, P=0.001) academic years showed significant differences on the positive subscale. Age showed no correlation with attitudes. There was a more favorable attitude to learning communication skills among the women participants than among the men participants (P=0.006). Despite positive general attitudes toward learning communication skills, the difference in attitude between the genders, academic years 2 and 5, and the subsequent classes suggest a re-evaluation of the curriculum and teaching methods to facilitate appropriate course structure according to the academic years and a learning process that addressees gender differences.

Adequacy of the examination-based licensing system and a training-based licensing system for midwifery license according to changes in childbirth medical infrastructure in Korea: a surveybased descriptive study

The number of Korean midwifery licensing examination applicants has steadily decreased due to the low birth rate and lack of training institutions for midwives. This study aimed to evaluate the adequacy of the examination-based licensing system and the possibility of a training-based licensing system. A survey questionnaire was developed and dispatched to 230 professionals from December 28, 2022 to January 13, 2023, through an online form using Google Surveys. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the results. Responses from 217 persons (94.3%) were analyzed after excluding incomplete responses. Out of the 217 participants, 198 (91.2%) agreed with maintaining the current examination-based licensing system; 94 (43.3%) agreed with implementing a training-based licensing system to cover the examination costs due to the decreasing number of applicants; 132 (60.8%) agreed with establishing a midwifery education evaluation center for a training-based licensing system; 163 (75.1%) said that the quality of midwifery might be lowered if midwives were produced only by a training-based licensing system, and 197 (90.8%) said that the training of midwives as birth support personnel should be promoted in Korea. Favorable results were reported for the examination-based licensing system; however, if a training-based licensing system is implemented, it will be necessary to establish a midwifery education evaluation center to manage the quality of midwives. As the annual number of candidates for the Korean midwifery licensing examination has been approximately 10 in recent years, it is necessary to consider more actively granting midwifery licenses through a training-based licensing system.

Secondary School Students’ Cognitive Structures Regarding Educational Games

To employ educational games in education as intended, it is required to show students’ cognitive structures for this concept. As a result, the purpose of this research was to reveal the cognitive structures of secondary school students regarding educational games. The research was a survey-based descriptive study. A total of 340 secondary school students were included for this research, which included fifth graders (n=80), sixth graders (n=95), seventh graders (n=69), and eighth graders (n=96). Simple random sampling was used to choose the participants. Data were gathered using the Word Association Test (WAT) and a drawing test. Six categories are used to organize the students' responses to the educational game's concept. ‘Individual gains,’ ‘lessons,’ ‘sports,’ ‘lesson tools/applications,’ ‘games,’ and ‘features of games’ were all of these. Four categories were used to categorize the drawings made by the students to represent the concept of educational games: ‘physical ability games,’ ‘intelligent and strategy games,’ ‘puzzle,’ and ‘mixed games.’ As a result of this research, it is possible to conclude that students’ cognitive structures for the concept of educational games include games played in classes, and educational games highlight the game aspect more. Besides that, there was little vocabulary diversity in their cognitive structures for the educational dimension. To enhance students' cognitive structures toward educational games, focus should be given to the instructional feature of educational games in research to be undertaken in the relevant field.

Data sharing attitudes and practices of researchers in Korean government research institutes: a survey-based descriptive study

Purpose: This study explored to what extent and how researchers in five Korean government research institutes that implement research data management practices share their research data and investigated the challenges they perceive regarding data sharing.Methods: The study collected survey data from 224 respondents by posting a link to a SurveyMonkey questionnaire on the homepage of each of the five research institutes from June 15 to 29, 2022. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted.Results: Among 148 respondents with data sharing experience, the majority had shared some or most of their data. Restricted data sharing within a project was more common than sharing data with outside researchers on request or making data publicly available. Sharing data directly with researchers who asked was the most common method of data sharing, while sharing data via institutional repositories was the second most common method. The most frequently cited factors impeding data sharing included the time and effort required to organize data, concerns about copyright or ownership of data, lack of recognition and reward, and concerns about data containing sensitive information.Conclusion: Researchers need ongoing training and support on making decisions about access to data, which are nuanced rather than binary. Research institutes’ commitment to developing and maintaining institutional data repositories is also important to facilitate data sharing. To address barriers to data sharing, it is necessary to implement research data management services that help reduce effort and mitigate concerns about legal issues. Possible incentives for researchers who share data should also continue to be explored.

Impact and perceived value of the revolutionary advent of artificial intelligence in research and publishing among researchers: a survey-based descriptive study

Purpose: This study was conducted to understand the perceptions and awareness of artificial intelligence (AI) in the academic publishing landscape.Methods: We conducted a global survey entitled “Role and impact of AI on the future of academic publishing” to understand the impact of the AI wave in the scholarly publishing domain. This English-language survey was open to all researchers, authors, editors, publishers, and other stakeholders in the scholarly community. Conducted between August and October 2021, the survey received responses from around 212 universities across 54 countries.Results: Out of 365 respondents, about 93% belonged to the age groups of 18–34 and 35–54 years. While 50% of the respondents selected plagiarism detection as the most widely known AI-based application, image recognition (42%), data analytics (40%), and language enhancement (39%) were some other known applications of AI. The respondents also expressed the opinion that the academic publishing landscape will significantly benefit from AI. However, the major challenges restraining the large-scale adoption of AI, as expressed by 93% of the respondents, were limited knowledge and expertise, as well as difficulties in integrating AI-based solutions into existing IT infrastructure.Conclusion: The survey responses reflected the necessity of AI in research and publishing. This study suggests possible ways to support a smooth transition. This can be best achieved by educating and creating awareness to ease possible fears and hesitation, and to actualize the promising benefits of AI.

Understanding Childhood Constipation through the Prism of the Caretaker.

Childhood constipation is presenting with increasing frequency at pediatric surgical clinics. The caregiver's role in prevention and management is pivotal. This study aimed at determining mothers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices with regard to childhood constipation and the association of these with demographic variables. This was a survey-based descriptive study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in South India. Randomly selected mothers of children aged 1-10 years consulting for any problem other than constipation were included in the study. Data collection was done by means of a pretested and prevalidated questionnaire. There were 169 mothers with a median age of 30 years. Over half were homemakers and of a rural background. Urban mothers scored better than their rural counterparts in the attitude section (P = 0.034). Mothers with greater knowledge had better attitude (P = 0.001) and practice (P = 0.020) scores. Those with higher attitude scores also fared better in the practice section (P = 0.04). Knowledge, attitude and practice concerning childhood constipation are connected to each other. South Indian mothers are sufficiently aware of the nuances surrounding childhood constipation, but focused large-scale outreach programs and health education are necessary to bridge the gaps.

7954 Patient Experiences with a Multidisciplinary Fibroid Program

<h3>Study Objective</h3> Examine patient experience with fibroid management options before and after consultation at a multidisciplinary fibroid center. <h3>Design</h3> Prospective survey-based descriptive study. <h3>Setting</h3> Multidisciplinary (minimally invasive gynecology and interventional radiology) fibroid center New York, NY. <h3>Patients or Participants</h3> Patients who presented for initial consultation with our fibroid program from July 2021 through January 2022. <h3>Interventions</h3> Patients were offered same day office consultations with a minimally invasive gynecologic surgeon followed by a telemedicine visit with an interventional radiologist within 3 weeks of consult request. Collaborative discussions were held between providers regarding patient care. Patients were asked to complete the survey following both appointments. Data was collected regarding patient demographics, prior evaluation of fibroids, knowledge about treatment options, and overall experience. <h3>Measurements and Main Results</h3> A total of 102 patients completed the survey (response rate 77%). A majority (55.9%) had known about their fibroids for at least two years. Most patients sought out the fibroid program for a 2^nd (28.4%), 3^rd(22.5%) or 4^th (7.8%) opinion. Notably, 35.3% of patients who had previously been seen by a gynecologist were not offered treatment. Of those who had been offered treatment, 24.5% were counseled on medical management with oral contraceptives, 28.4% on surgical options and 5.9% on uterine artery embolization. Nearly all patients (86.3%) endorsed that they would not have sought two separate consultations had it not been for the program. Patients were overall satisfied with their experience; with 95.1% reporting they were more knowledgeable about their options and none reporting the consults created more confusion for them. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Many patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids presenting for additional opinions have not been comprehensively counseled on fibroid management options. A collaborative approach to fibroid management helps to better educate patients about their treatment options, provides an opportunity to be thoroughly counseled by the specialists performing either surgical or interventional procedures, and increases patient satisfaction.

Knowledge, awareness, and practice on the usage of pre-emptive analgesia during oral surgical procedures.

Background: Pre-emptive analgesia improves patients' quality of life after treatment by reducing post-operative complications and a more rapid return to their daily activities. The current study aims to evaluate knowledge, awareness, and practice on using pre-emptive analgesia during surgical procedures among private dental practitioners in Karachi, Pakistan.&#x0D; Methodology: This survey-based descriptive study was conducted among private dental practitioners working in Karachi, Pakistan. The questionnaire has been designed to assess knowledge, awareness, and practice regarding the usage of pre-emptive analgesia. Part one focused on the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants, including age, gender, and level of experience. While Part two comprises ten multiple-choice questions regarding the knowledge, awareness, and practice of pre-emptive analgesia among private dental practitioners. The survey instrument was a self-administered questionnaire in the English language, and the questionnaire form was sent electronically to the study participants.&#x0D; Results: About 98(74.2%) of participants are aware of pre-emptive analgesia usage during surgical procedures, but only 78(59.1%) practitioners know the mechanism of action of pre-emptive analgesia. While. Diclofenac sodium 35(26.5%) is most commonly used by private dental practitioners as pre-emptive analgesia.&#x0D; Conclusion: The knowledge of oral pre-emptive analgesia was limited among dental practitioners. Most of them know that pre-emptive analgesics are used during oral surgical procedures, but many practitioners don't know their mechanism of action and method of administration.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Practice Patterns: A Survey of Kentucky Pediatric Providers.

Kentucky ranks among the highest in the nation for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) prevalence in children aged 4 to 17 years. In 2011, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) released a clinical practice guideline based on the DSM-IV. A guideline revision based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (DSM-5) was released in October 2019. In this study, we assess and describe pediatric providers' ADHD practices using the 2011 guideline and DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. This was a cross-sectional, survey-based descriptive study. Kentucky Chapter of the AAP (KY AAP) members were anonymously surveyed. The results were examined for trends in routine practice. Fifty-eight general pediatricians and pediatric residents responded to the survey, yielding a 38% (58/154) response rate. Among respondents performing routine diagnosis of ADHD (N = 51), 73% (37/51) used DSM-5 criteria. Most providers usually or always initially assessed for coexisting behavioral conditions (96%; 49/51), developmental conditions (78%; 39/51), and adverse childhood experiences (73%; 37/51). Among respondents performing routine management of ADHD (N = 55), only 11% (6/55) of respondents indicated that they titrated stimulant medications every 3 to 7 days. After initiation of medication, 78% of providers scheduled a follow-up visit within 2 to 4 weeks. During subsequent visits, only half indicated discussing behavioral interventions, screening for coexisting conditions, and reviewing follow-up teacher-rated ADHD scales. Pediatricians in the KY AAP adhere to the DSM-5 criteria for diagnosing ADHD. Pediatric providers' practices would benefit from education in improvements in pharmacotherapy titration, surveillance of coexisting conditions associated with ADHD, discussion of psychosocial interventions, and school support strategies.

Adaptations of paediatric cardiology practice during the COVID-19 pandemic.

During the initial surge of the COVID-19 pandemic in the spring and summer of 2020, paediatric heart centres were forced to rapidly alter the way patient care was provided to minimise interruption to patient care as well as exposure to the virus. In this survey-based descriptive study, we characterise changes that occurred within paediatric cardiology practices across the United States and described provider experience and attitudes towards these changes during the pandemic. Common changes that were implemented included decreased numbers of procedures, limiting visitors and shifting towards telemedicine encounters. The information obtained from this survey may be useful in guiding and standardising responses to future public health crises.

Feedback in the Education of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residents

In surgical residencies, formative feedback on both operative technique and judgment is needed to build adept surgeons. The general surgery literature indicates deficiencies thereof, and disparities between resident and faculty perceptions of feedback.1,2 In oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS), there is a dearth of research on this crucial aspect of education. In this survey-based descriptive study, we aim to characterize variations in feedback-giving strategies utilized in resident education and compare this to their preferred ways of receiving feedback. As a secondary aim, we wish to gauge residents’ satisfaction with the feedback they receive. As a tertiary aim, we wish to compare residents’ and attendings’ perception of said feedback. We hypothesize that residents and faculty will value feedback but may have differing ideas on the content and delivery. To these means, we sent surveys to all OMS residency program directors nationwide, for completion by their residents and faculty (Figures 1, 2). All responses were recorded via a 5-point Likert scale. Responses were grouped into categories of “agree” + “strongly agree,” “neutral,” and “disagree” + “strongly disagree” for statements of preference or agreement, and “almost never” + “seldom,” “sometimes,” “most of the time” + “nearly all of the time” for statements of setting and time. Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare responses between 2 groups, with P < .05 for statistical significance. Our results show significant differences between how feedback is given, based on the residents’ perspective, and how they prefer it be given. Most notably, 79% would like feedback to occur during a postoperative debrief immediately after the case. However, only 27% report that this is the usual setting (P < .0001). Additionally, 92.95% prefer verbal, face-to-face feedback, whereas they agree that it occurs this way 59% of the time (P < .0001). In terms of resident satisfaction, only 47% were satisfied with the current feedback practices. The biggest deficiencies appear to be in the quality and specificity of said feedback, with only 43% agreeing that each of these are adequate. Additionally, only 49% felt the amount was adequate. In regards to faculty vs resident perceptions, significant differences were found in nearly all responses. The groups only agreed on the seldom use of rating tools and the importance of feedback in OMS education, which was nearly unanimous (94% vs 96%). The largest difference was in the use of postoperative debriefing, which faculty reported to occur often (65% of the time), while residents reported only 27% (P < .0001); 94% of faculty responded that feedback is most often delivered verbally, face-to-face, while only 59% of residents agreed (P < .0001). Additionally, 76% of faculty believed the quality of their feedback to be adequate vs only 43% of residents felt this was the case (P < .0001). Our results indicate several issues regarding the current practices of feedback in OMS training. Residents most prefer feedback given verbally, face-to-face, in a postoperative debriefing, while they indicate that this is often not the case. Interestingly, faculty believe that both of these occur significantly more frequently than the residents report. Faculty also believe that the quality of their feedback given is adequate, while residents disagree. Overall, it appears that resident satisfaction with current practices is low, and our study identifies multiple opportunities for improvement. Figure 2Faculty RedCap Survey View Large Image Figure Viewer Download Hi-res image

From Perspective to Practice: Gauging the Awareness and Integration Level of ICT in Teaching Process at Secondary Level in District Shaheed Benazirabad, Pakistan

Pakistan, in the last 10 years, has witnessed a fast and deep penetration of computers, internet, and android cell phones in the everyday lives of the teachers. The education process has yet to enjoy the full benefits of this technology despite the implementation of 3g/4g technologies and a surge of android cell phones. Therefore, teachers being an integral and vital part of the education process need to be well aware of the importance and should be trained at incorporating ICT in their daily teaching processes. This survey-based descriptive study gauged the familiarity of High School Teachers with ICT and its level of incorporation in the teaching process at the secondary level. The population of this study was 617 (N=617) High School Teachers belonging to 61 secondary schools of the district. About 245 teachers who participated in this study were randomly selected from 24 secondary schools. A self-developed questionnaire was distributed to these teachers. All the questionnaires were filled and returned. About 8 of these questionnaires were incomplete and therefore were deemed unusable. Therefore, only 237 questionnaires were used for data analysis. The findings of this study indicated that only 15% of the participants knew about ICT and its uses in the teaching process. Internet browsing, e-mailing and operating a CD Rom device as well-known aspects and simulations, problem-solving software, and graphics were some of the ICT aspects which the participants appeared to be familiar with. Findings about the level of incorporation in the teaching process revealed that computer labs were available in about 15% of the schools; about 55% of the participants owned android cell phones; 45% had self-access to the internet and these android phones were mostly used for communication with other teachers and parents. About 2% used ICT for teaching specific subjects; out of the 2% that used ICT for teaching, only 0.5 % used it as an essential part of daily instruction. The results also show that 0.25% of participants were formally trained in ICT. ICT was mostly used for finding and accessing and downloading educational materials. Less frequently used of ICT included making lectures, drills, and practice, preparing lesson plans, and video lecturing.

Harnessing the waiting experience: anticipation, expectations and WOM

PurposeThis study aims to explore the anticipated emotions of consumers and their anticipated perceived quality (PQ) of an exhibit, event or service that they are waiting to attend.Design/methodology/approachThe study consists of a quantitative survey-based descriptive study of n = 470 real-world consumers from a waiting line at the Shark Reef exhibit in Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino, Las Vegas. Data is analyzed with fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to extrapolate causal conditions or recipes, for word of mouth (WOM) generation regarding the exhibit.FindingsRecipes that influence positive WOM for an upcoming exhibit include: affect evaluation and affect expectations (AEXs) and affect evaluation, affect expectation, event entertainment and PQ.Practical implicationsBy recognizing the need to optimize the customer waiting experience, services marketing managers can more successfully engage customers and influence their subsequent intentions.Originality/valueEmotions regarding the anticipation of an upcoming event are critical to cultivating the intent to spread positive WOM.

Training Effectiveness: A Comparative Study among Nurses

This survey-based descriptive study has been undertaken in private multi-speciality hospitals in Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India, with the objective of understanding and differentiating the effectiveness of training among nursing employees of various categories. The nursing employees who have been qualified with Diploma in General Nursing and Midwifery (DGNM) and Bachelor of Science in Nursing (B. Sc. Nursing), Diploma in Nursing Assistant (DNA) and Female Nursing Assistant (FNA) courses and have undergone 3 years on the job training have been chosen for this study. The study has sampled 120 (30 respondents from each category, respectively) respondents using judgment sampling technique. The primary data have been collected using structured questionnaire constructed by the researcher. The secondary data have been collected from books, journals and websites to add significant impact to the study. Result of the study shows that training has not made significant changes among nursing employees qualified with DNA and FNA when compared with nurses qualified with B. Sc. Nursing and DGNM.