Cross-sectional Survey-based Study Research Articles

Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Research Ethics and Research Ethics Committees among Post-Graduate Residents of Neurosciences - A Nationwide Analysis from Pakistan

Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude and perception of post-graduate residents of neurosciences towards research ethics (RE) and research ethics committees (RECs). Methods: This prospective cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted by the Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, targeting post-graduate neuroscience residents throughout Pakistan during January and February, 2024. An English-language general questionnaire, designed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of RE and RECs, was adapted to reflect local conditions. The collected responses were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to determine measures of central tendency, percentages, and frequencies. Results: Out of 241 residents, 64.3% were males. Sixty-eight percent respondents were from neurosurgery and 32% were from the field of neurology. Approximately 47% responses were from the province of Punjab. More than half (51.5%) of participants acknowledged the existence of a REC within their institution. A similar proportion (52.3%) claimed familiarity with ethical guidelines for research involving human subjects, only a slight majority (48.5%) demonstrated awareness of the specific functions carried out by RECs. Meanwhile, 44.5% expressed concerns that undergoing review by a REC could potentially delay research and pose additional challenges for researchers. Additionally, 27.4% of respondents admitted to considering the fabrication of data or results as acceptable. Conclusion: Our research uncovered a significant correlation between participants’ perceptions of RE and RECs and their comprehension of ethical principles. These findings indicate that medical postgraduates with a deeper understanding or awareness of research ethics principles and RECs tend to hold more robust attitudes toward these aspects. List of Abbreviations: AAHRPP: Association for the Accreditation of Human Research Protection Program, DME: Department of Medical Education, DRAP-CSC: Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan-Clinical Studies Committee, FCPS: Fellow of College of Physicians and Surgeons, IRBs: Institutional Review Boards, LMICs: Low-Middle-Income Countries, MCQs: Multiple Choice Questions, MD: Master of Medicine, MS: Master of Surgery, NBC-REC: National Bioethics Committee-Research Ethics Committee, PMDC: Pakistan Medical and Dental Council, RE: Research Ethics, RECs: Research Ethics Committees, SPSS: Statistical Package for Social Sciences. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.12(PINS).11116 How to cite this: Qadri HM, Shahid R, Fatima SB, Naveed N, Khizar A, Siraj ul Haq, et al. Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Research Ethics and Research Ethics Committees among Post-Graduate Residents of Neurosciences - A Nationwide Analysis from Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(12):S55-S62. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.12(PINS).11116 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Academic vs. industry-sponsored trials: A global survey on differences, similarities, and future improvements.

Clinical research is marked by its multifaceted nature, presenting a multitude of different approaches, designs, and objectives that can complicate the planning, initiation, and conduct of clinical trials. The role and organisation of the sponsor institution are pivotal in this context. We aimed to investigate possible challenges and needs, including their underlying factors, for academia and industry during the set-up and conduct of clinical trials. We conducted a cross-sectional survey-based study within an international network of highly qualified academic research institutions (ARIs). The main outcome measures were the regulatory framework for clinical trials, scope and organisation of academic and industry-sponsored trials, funding sources of academic clinical trials, submission and approval process, as well as study conduct of academic vs. industry-sponsored trials. We surveyed employees of ARIs with extensive experience in phase I-IV clinical trials. All ARIs participated in academic clinical trials and 90% were involved in industry-sponsored trials. Respondents reported that academic trials faced greater challenges in communication with relevant institutional review boards/ethics committees and competent authorities compared to industry-sponsored trials. Additionally, academic trials were found to have significantly less financial support during their conduct. Specific challenges for academia vs. industry included 'insufficient personnel resources' (60% vs. 50%), 'recruitment problems' (60% vs. 78%) and 'lack of knowledge/experience' (35% vs. 11%). Our findings indicate that industry-sponsored trials encounter fewer issues in set-up, funding, and trial conduct compared to academic trials. Improving collaboration between academic sponsors and ARIs is essential to address these challenges. ARIs provide critical support and guidance for academic researchers, not only in planning and implementing projects, but also in assessing feasibility and securing funding.

Impact of musculoskeletal joint complaints on quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundMusculoskeletal joint complaints (MSCs) are the most common extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to investigate the effect of MSC on the health-related quality of life (QoL)...

Does the COVID-19 Vaccines Effect on the Menstrual Cycle, Cross-Sectional Study Among Adult Females at King Saud University

COVID-19 vaccinations have been associated with irregularities in the menstrual cycle and symptoms occurring pre and post-menstruation, affecting women’s reproductive health. This study aimed to demonstrate the impact of COVID-19 vaccines on women’s reproductive health by examining the association between COVID-19 vaccines and disturbed menstrual cycles. This cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted among adult females at King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, from April 2022 to August 2022. A total of 380 participants were selected through a stratified random sampling technique. Ethical approval was obtained from the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and appropriate statistical tests. The results revealed that 53.9% of the participants experienced disturbances in the menstrual cycle after receiving the COVID-19 vaccination. Adult females aged 18-25 showed the highest rate of disorders. Menstrual disruptions were substantially correlated with marital status (p = 0.05), with a significant association between the number of COVID-19 vaccine doses and the occurrence of menstrual disturbances (p = 0.001). The administration of the vaccination during menstruation was linked to a notable occurrence of menstrual disturbances, although the p-value showed no statistical significance. A significant correlation was examined (p < 0.05) between pre-existing menstrual problems and the occurrence of disorders after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine (p < 0.05). The study emphasised the importance of tailored healthcare treatments for women following COVID-19 vaccination and the need for regular evaluation of reproductive health outcomes post-COVID-19 vaccination.

Dutch maternity care providers’ attitudes toward and support of young fathers: A cross-sectional survey-based study

BackgroundGiven their often-vulnerable circumstances, young fathers’ childcare involvement is precarious. Despite the potential benefits of receiving professional support, young fathers experience exclusion or suboptimal support in maternity care. Insights into maternity care providers’ attitudes toward young fathers and their perspectives on the support they provide to this group are, however, lacking. Such insights could be helpful to better align support with young fathers’ needs. AimThe study objectives were to examine maternity care providers’ attitudes toward young fathers and their perspectives on the support they provide to them, assess relationships between the two and investigate differences between and within occupational groups. MethodAn online survey study was conducted with 183 Dutch midwives and maternity nurses. FindingsMaternity care providers reported positive attitudes and high levels of support. They indicated that they provide mainly affirmative support, followed by emotional, informational, and instrumental support. All forms of support correlated significantly with positive attitudes. Maternity nurses had higher positive attitude and support scores than did midwives, with the largest difference observed for instrumental support. ConclusionMaternity care providers reported positive attitudes and high levels of support provided to young fathers, which stands in contrast with the father's experience of support. This difference suggests that having positive attitudes and the intention to deliver high levels of support are not by definition sufficient to meet young fathers’ support needs. Attention should also be paid to the forms and manners of support provided.

Predictors of oral healthcare utilization and satisfaction among Indian migrants and the host population in the Netherlands

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to explore predictors associated with reasons for visiting an oral healthcare professional (OHP) and satisfaction with OHPs in the Netherlands among the Indian migrants and the host population.MethodsA random sample was obtained for this cross-sectional questionnaire study. Variables were classified according to the Andersen Behavioural Model of Health Services Utilization. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify significant predictors for reasons for visiting an oral healthcare professional (OHP) (routine checkups and preventive care or visiting only for pain and/or treatment) and satisfaction with OHPs (satisfied or dissatisfied).ResultsThe sample consisted of 391 participants (Indian migrants = 147 and host population = 244). Indian migrants with higher internal locus of control (LoC) [OR = 7.73 (95% CI: 2.13;27.99)], more trust in OHPs [OR = 4.12 (95% CI:1.68;10.14)] and higher integration level [OR = 1.09 (95% CI:1.03;1.17)] had higher odds of visiting an OHP for routine checkups and preventive care. In the host population, having dental insurance [OR = 2.64 (95% CI:1.00;6.95)] was significantly associated with increased odds of visiting an OHP for routine checkups and preventive care. For satisfaction, Indians with low paid jobs [OR = 16.26 (95% CI:2.83;93.36)] and those with higher integration levels [OR = 1.29 (95% CI:1.16;1.42)] had higher odds of being satisfied with the Dutch OHPs. Among the host population, those with more trust in OHPs [OR = 2.86 (95% CI:1.19;6.88)] had higher odds of being satisfied.ConclusionOur study emphasize that integration levels and trust emerged as two crucial factors, policy makers can leverage upon to improve access to care for Indian migrants.Clinical trialN.A as this is a survey based cross sectional study.

Determinants of short birth interval in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis based on EDHS 2019, Ethiopia, 2023.

According to the World Health Organization and Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey on birth spacing, there should be at least a two-year gap between conception and the first of two children born in quick succession. In poor nations like Ethiopia, resource issues were complex, making it difficult to get statistics for the entire country. However, by examining Ethiopian mini demographic and health survey data, we were able to provide data at the national level. The cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted in several of Ethiopia's administrative cities and nine regions. In the analysis, sampling weight was used to correct the survey's non-proportional sample distribution to strata and areas throughout the survey process and restore representative data. The study's household population was presented and described using descriptive statistics such as weighted frequencies and percentages. The statistically significant factors linked to frequent short birth intervals were found using a multivariable, multilevel logistic regression analysis. Overall, 4306 weighted multigravida mothers nested within 305 enumeration areas were included in the analysis. The respondents' mean (standard deviation) of the birth interval was 42.027(26.69). Higher-educated women had 12% lower odds of having a shorter pregnancy (AOR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.98) than women without higher education. The odds of a short birth interval were 3.04 times greater among women in the age category of 40-49 years at first marriage (AOR = 3.04; 95% CI: 1.08, 8.46) than among women in the age category of 15-19 years. This indicates that older women were most likely to have short birth intervals. In the multilevel logistic regression model, maternal age, maternal educational status, the wealth quintile index, use of contraceptives, duration of breastfeeding, and contextual regions were significantly associated with short birth intervals in Ethiopia.

The Effects of Subjective Socioeconomic Status and Social Capital on Self-rated Health and Perceived Quality of Life: A Cross-sectional Survey-based Study in a Minority Group in Iran.

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of subjective socioeconomic status and social capital on self-rated health and quality of life among a minority group in Iran. This cross-sectional study involved 800 individuals from a minority group in Iran. The sampling method was clustering, and data collection was conducted using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version and Stata version 8. The results of logistic regression analysis revealed that subjective socioeconomic status (odds ratio [OR], 1.47; 95% CI, 1.34-1.61), belonging and empathy (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.03-1.15), and trust (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.00-1.13) significantly impacted the quality of life. Additionally, the logistic regression analysis for factors influencing self-rated health demonstrated significant effects for the age group of 31-50 years (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.38-0.91), gender (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.46-0.92), academic education (OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.22-3.26), subjective socioeconomic status (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.16-1.38), chronic disease (OR, 4.52; 95% CI, 2.49-8.19), belonging and empathy (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1.11), and participation (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.00-1.24). The findings indicate that bonding social capital significantly influences health levels and quality of life. Focusing on delegating local responsibilities to community members and striving to promote participation in health programs, along with increasing the socioeconomic status of minority groups, can effectively improve their health and quality of life.

The point prevalence of stress incontinence among young adult Jordanian women based on activity levels.

Stress Urinary incontinence (SUI) is a common condition among women of all ages. The point prevalence of SUI among young adult Jordanian women is less explored. To examine the point prevalence of SUI among this sample based on activity level, and whether the affected women have shared their complaints with healthcare providers and/or received education related to UI. This was a cross-sectional survey-based study. Participants with diseases that affect the control of micturition were excluded. The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-UI Short-Form was used to calculate the point prevalence of UI. The Tegner activity scale was used to classify participants based on their physical activity levels. The participants reported whether they shared their complaints with a healthcare provider or received education about this health problem. Five hundred women (median age=20years, BMI=22) participated (118 competitive athletes, 192 recreational, and 190 sedentary). The overall point prevalence of SUI was 14% (n=61). A chi-square test of independence showed a significant difference in the point prevalence of SUI between women with different activity levels, χ2 (12)=12.07, p<0.01. The point prevalence of SUI among competitive athletes, recreational women, and sedentary women was 21%, 8%, and 11%, respectively. None of those with SUI have shared their complaints with healthcare providers or received education related to SUI. SUI is prevalent among young adult Jordanian women, with the highest prevalence observed in those engaged in competitive athletic activities. The affected women refrain from disclosing their SUI-related concerns to healthcare practitioners and lack sufficient knowledge about this health issue.

Career duration and later-life health conditions among former professional American-style football players

ObjectivesCareer duration is often used as a metric of neurotrauma exposure in studies of elite athletes. However, as a proxy metric, career length may not accurately represent causal factors, and...

When Things Go Right: Safety II in an Academic Emergency Department.

Objectives Historically, "safety" has been defined as an absence of error. Practice variability of any kind has been viewed as a threat. This is termed Safety I. Meanwhile, Safety II posits that clinician practice variability is a necessary adaptation required to meet patient needs in a complex healthcare system. We hypothesize that clinicians in the emergency department (ED) make proactive adaptations and utilize practice variability to enhance safety. Methods This is a cross-sectional survey-based study of clinical team members at a tertiary care academic ED with an annual census of 76,000. Qualitative data on instances of proactive safety were collected and analyzed via inductive response analysis. Ratings of support for practice adjustments and experiences of negative emotions during practice variability were collected using 5-point Likert scales. Results There were 84 respondents, of which 33 (39%) were nurses, 28 (33%) were physicians, and 23 (27%) held other clinical roles. Qualitative data included 128 instances of harm prevention, with some respondents describing more than one. Instances include proactive safety via collaboration (n = 47; 36.72%), time-based interventions (n = 46; 35.94%), physical harm prevention (n = 27; 21.10%), and patient/visitor interactions (n = 8; 6.25%). Of respondents, 73.17% (n = 30) felt that policies matched daily work most of the time, and 92.68% (n = 38) felt enabled to adapt to the needs of a patient most of the time. Experiences of self-doubt, fear of repercussion, or anxiety occurred most when adhering to a policy despite patient needs (n = 20; 48.78%). Conclusions Clinical team members report keeping patients safe through various forms of behavior adaptations, most frequently reporting collaboration beyond usual expected practice. Respondents report policies to match daily work most of the time and feel enabled to adapt to the needs of patients. Feelings of self-doubt, fear of repercussion, or anxiety were reported most frequently when clinicians adhered to a policy despite the needs of a patient.

The Prevalence and Correlates of Anxiety, Stress, Mood Disorders, and Sleep Disturbances in Poland after the Outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian War 2022.

The conflict of the Russian-Ukrainian War that began on 24 February 2022 has profoundly changed Europe. The primary objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of anxiety, stress, depression, and insomnia among a group of surveyed Poles in the first months after the outbreak of war in 2022. The secondary goal was to analyze potential risk factors for these mental disorders. A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted. An anonymous questionnaire was created using Google Forms and distributed through social media from March 2022 to June 2022. The questionnaire included the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and an evaluation of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Overall, 11.26% of 311 participants had depression, 10.29% had anxiety, and 24.12% experienced stress. Further, 62.05% of them declared sleep disturbances, and about 60% of them reported experiencing fears associated with the war. The outcomes of the assessment of psychiatric symptoms (depression, anxiety, stress and sleep disturbance) were associated with following factors: self-reported health status, fear of Russian invasion of Ukraine, and fear of the war extending to Poland. When the results for psychiatric symptoms were categorized into two groups, severe and non-severe, logistic regression analysis was only feasible for the insomnia variable. For this variable, multivariate logistic regression identified key potential factors: age, stress, and fear of Russian invasion of Ukraine. The respondents were found to be highly concerned about the war. In total, almost half of them manifested symptoms of anxiety, depression, and/or stress. Slightly less than two-thirds had sleep disorders. This study confirms that in a crisis situation, mental health screening is necessary.

Using a Smart Phone Based Application for Learning Physiology for 1st Professional Medical Students: Merits, Demerits and Challenges

Background and Aims: The aim of this study was to conduct a survey on usefulness of medical education-based software applications in learning physiology as an aid to regular academics among first-year medical and dental students in India. Methodology: This is a survey-based cross-sectional study which included 282 students from medical and dental health sciences. Results: Out of 282 medical students, 267 (95%) students found the app simple to follow, 257 (91%) students said that app was easy to understand and 243 (86%) found it as a learning aid to didactic learning. Conclusion: Our study reports that students widely use medical education-based apps for academic benefits and as an aid to didactic learning.

Determinants associated with the prescription of a first biologic therapy in patients with axial spondyloarthritis and concomitant fibromyalgia in daily practice

ObjectivesThere is no consensus on the therapeutic strategy of rheumatologists for patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) and concomitant fibromyalgia (FM). The main aim of this study was to identify, in a population of rheumatologists practicing in Normandy, France, the determinants associated with their decision to prescribe a first biologic DMARD (bDMARD) in patients with Spa/FM. Specific objectives were to evaluate professional prescribing practices to identify a set of criteria likely to contribute to the therapeutic decision of rheumatologists, and to validate the relevance of these criteria. MethodThis is a cross-sectional survey-based study using a mixed (qualitative and quantitative) method. The quantitative approach was web-based and conducted among rheumatologists in Normandy. ResultsThe qualitative study allowed us to identify a set of criteria likely to contribute to the therapeutic decision of rheumatologists. In the quantitative study, 54/113 rheumatologists filled the questionnaire. Four criteria were considered by all respondents to contribute to their decision to prescribe a first bDMARD: arthritis on physical examination, extra-articular manifestations, systemic inflammation and structural damage on imaging. ConclusionsThe determinants associated with the decision of rheumatologists to prescribe a first bDMARD in patients with SpA/FM were mostly objective, in line with the recommendations in the literature. Most criteria were more related to an approach aimed at ensuring the diagnosis of SpA than evaluating its activity or severity.

Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Community Pharmacists in Managing Chronic Diseases in Lahore, Pakistan

Background: The rising number of chronic illnesses such as asthma, diabetes, osteoarthritis, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents a major danger to the worldwide health community. The ability of individuals to successfully manage their medical problems with the help of healthcare professionals is essential to the effective control of chronic illnesses. Objective: The current study focuses to evaluate the knowledge of community pharmacist’s regarding chronic disease management, their attitude, and their practice to control chronic diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted using random sampling method in Lahore, Pakistan. The samples collected for this study was 110. However, the final sample size was 93, the remaining forms were discarded. Data was collected by visiting community pharmacies in Lahore. The filled questionnaires were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences program software (SPSS Inc., version 21.0, IBM corp., Armonk NY, USA). P-value of less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant values. Results: The results, with a p value of 0.001, indicate a significant difference in adequacy of knowledge between the male and female groups. Majority of the participants have bachelor’s education and are unmarried. The p-value of 0.871 for level of education shows insignificant association between the higher education and better practice scores. The most important finding in this study is significant relationship between technology proficiency and adequacy of knowledge with p-value of 0.005. This shows that those who are more proficient in the technology are significantly more likely to have adequate knowledge. Conclusion: This study concludes that the majority of community pharmacists had adequate knowledge regarding chronic disease management. But showed neutral attitude and fair practice towards the control of chronic diseases. In order to optimize the management of chronic diseases, community pharmacists need to exhibit best practices and a positive attitude.

Impact of Various Treatment Modalities on Long-Term Quality of Life in Cervical Cancer Survivors.

Introduction Given treatment advancements and the long life expectancy of mostly young patients with cervical cancer, their post-treatment quality of life (QoL) is essential to consider. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term QoL in cervical cancer survivors treated with various approaches. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey-based study using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC-QLQ-C30) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Cervical Cancer Module 24 (EORTC-QLQ-CX24) questionnaires and involved members of the online cervical cancer patient support group (01/2024-02/2024). Eligible participants were ≥18 years old, diagnosed with stage IA2-IIB cervical cancer, and had completed their treatment. Respondents were stratified into four management groups: neoadjuvant chemotherapy + surgery +/- radiation therapy (RT), surgery + RT, RT alone, and surgery alone. Results Overall, 173 patients participated: 20 (11.6%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy + surgery +/- RT, 50 (28.9%) had surgery + RT, 69 (39.9%) had RT alone, and 34 (19.7%) had surgery alone. Patients after surgery alone had significantly better global QoL (p<0.001). Their physical (p<0.001), role (p=0.037), emotional (p=0.024), and social (p=0.006) functioning were also substantially better. This group also reported the lowest severity of fatigue (p=0.001), nausea and vomiting (p<0.001), and diarrhea (p<0.001). Sexual functioning was better in the surgery-alone group in almost all aspects. There were no major differences in QoL among the groups, receiving RT alone or combined with other treatments. Conclusions Cervical cancer survivors who underwent surgery alone reported the highest QoL and lower symptom intensity compared to those treated with RT or treatment combinations. RT combined with other modalities did not appear to substantially decrease QoL compared to RT alone.

Evaluation of a digital patient education programme in patients with coronary artery disease, a survey-based study

IntroductionPatient education programmes focusing on risk factor modification and lifestyle changes are well established as part of cardiac rehabilitation in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). As participation rates are low, digital patient education programmes (DPE) are interesting alternatives to increase access. Understanding patients’ perceptions of DPE are important in terms of successful implementation in clinical practice but are not well known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess patients’ perceptions of using a DPE in terms of end-user acceptance and usability, perceived significance for lifestyle changes and secondary preventive goal fulfilment in patients with CAD.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional survey-based study. The survey was distributed to all 1625 patients with acute coronary syndrome or chronic CAD with revascularisation, who were registered users of the DPE between 2020 and 2022 as part of cardiac rehabilitation. The survey contained 64 questions about e.g., acceptance and usability, perceived significance for making lifestyle changes and secondary preventive goal fulfilment. Patients who had never logged in to the DPE received questions about their reasons for not logging in. Data were analysed descriptively.ResultsA total of 366 patients (mean age: 69.1 ± 11.3 years, 20% female) completed the survey and among those 207 patients (57%) had used the DPE. Patients reported that the DPE was simple to use (80%) and improved access to healthcare (67–75%). A total of 69% of the patients were generally satisfied with the DPE, > 60% reported that the DPE increased their knowledge about secondary preventive treatment goals and approximately 60% reported having a healthy lifestyle today. On the other hand, 35% of the patients would have preferred a hospital-based education programme. Among the 159 patients (43%) who had never used the DPE, the most reported reason was a perceived need for more information about how to use the DPE (52%).ConclusionsThis study shows an overall high level of patient acceptance and usability of the DPE, which supports its continued development and long-term role in cardiac rehabilitation in patients with CAD. Future studies should assess associations between participation in the DPE and clinical outcomes, such as secondary preventive goal fulfilment and hospitalisation.

Severe Knee, Ankle, and Shoulder Injuries among Korean Men and Women Freestyle Wrestlers: A Survey-based Cross-Sectional Study

Severe Knee, Ankle, and Shoulder Injuries among Korean Men and Women Freestyle Wrestlers: A Survey-based Cross-Sectional Study

Knowledge and Opinions About Sustainable Nutrition and the Factors Associated With Sustainable and Healthy Eating Behaviors in Adults

Introduction.The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and opinions about sustainable nutrition and the factors associated with sustainable and healthy eating behaviors among individuals aged 18 to 65 years. Methods. An online cross-sectional survey-based study included analysis of demographic and anthropometric characteristics, participants’ knowledge and opinions about sustainable nutrition, and their scores on the Sustainable and Healthy Eating Behaviors (SHEB) Scale. The snowball sampling method was used. Results. The study included 3,037 adults with a mean age of 25.62 ± 9.66 years. Participants scored highest on the factors of healthy and balanced nutrition and low fat, and lowest on the factors of local food and reducing meat consumption. The SHEB Scale scores for women (4.04 ± 1.12) were higher compared to men (3.83 ± 1.21) (p &lt; 0.001). A significant association was identified between age and SHEB Scale scores (OR=1.01, 95% CI 1.01-1.03), with no association observed with body mass index. Women were more likely to display sustainable and healthy eating behaviors compared to men (OR=1.45 95% CI 1.23-1.71), as were married participants compared to single participants (OR=1.87 95% CI 1.54-2.27). Conclusions. The results of this study indicate that sustainable nutrition is not well understood among adults. Advancing age, female gender, and being married were found to be associated with higher scores on the SHEB Scale.

Ableist microaggressions and psychological distress among adults with disabilities: The role of disability visibility.

Experiences of disability-based discrimination among adults with disabilities (AWD) span individual, interpersonal, and structural domains that are implicated in mental health disparities. Ableist microaggressions, a subtle and contemporary form of disability-based discrimination, are positively associated with psychological distress. Additionally, disability characteristics may impact mental health outcomes differently. This study investigated (a) the association between lifetime experiences of ableist microaggressions and psychological distress and (b) the moderating effect of disability visibility. A cross-sectional survey-based online study through Amazon's Mechanical Turk was conducted among 995 AWD whose ages ranged from 18 to 70 (M = 34.73, SD = 9.45). After adjusting for confounds linear regression analyses revealed a significant, positive relationship between ableist microaggressions and depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Models explained approximately 18%-23% of the variance in psychological distress. Moderation analyses indicated that associations were stronger among participants with less visible disabilities. Findings underscore disability visibility as an important correlate in AWD mental health disparities. Results should be interpreted within the scope of the sampling procedures and sample demographics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).