Review Article Research Articles

Introduction of Honeycomb (Nidus Vespae) and Some of Its Most Important Pharmacological Benefits

Background:: Nidus Vespae (honeycomb), which is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, is the honey-comb of Polistes japonicus Saussure, Parapolybia varia Fabricius, or Polistes olivaceus (De Geer), and it is usually harvest in winter and autumn. Methods: Its chemical component is completely complex combining honey, pollen, royal jelly, and propolis and consequently has a significant number of bioactive components such as nitro compounds, flavonoids, and polyphenols. It has shown various pharmacological impacts, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-microbial, and anti-tumor effects. Results: In this review article, all relevant papers from various scholars and researchers were searched in Science Direct, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. Honeycomb has various activities and numerous pharmacological benefits and health advantages, and it can be considered a valuable source of nutraceuticals, and an effective natural medicine and organic product. Conclusion:: In this mini-review, we have decided to discuss the importance of traditional treatment, and the pharmacological properties of Nidus Vespae

James L. W. West on F. Scott Fitzgerald: A Review Article

ABSTRACT: Over a twenty-five-year period, James L. W. West III was the general editor of the Cambridge Edition of the Works of F. Scott Fitzgerald, an eighteen-volume series that was completed with the Variorum Edition of The Great Gatsby in 2019. His new collection of essays provides important insights into Fitzgerald’s professional writing career, the complexities of scholarly textual editing, and especially the creation and legacy of The Great Gatsby as we approach the 2025 centennial of its original publication.

RNAs in tumour-derived extracellular vesicles and their significance in the tumour microenvironment.

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) secreted by various types of cells serve as crucial mediators of intercellular communication within the complex tumour microenvironment (TME). Tumour-derived small extracellular vesicles (TDEs) are massively produced and released by tumour cells, recapitulating the specificity of their cell of origin. TDEs encapsulate a variety of RNA species, especially messenger RNAs, microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, which release to the TME plays multifaced roles in cancer progression through mediating cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. sEVs act as natural delivery vehicles of RNAs and can serve as useful targets for cancer therapy. This review article provides an overview of recent studies on TDEs and their RNA cargo, with emphasis on the role of these RNAs in carcinogenesis.

Point Cloud Completion: A Survey.

Point cloud completion is the task of producing a complete 3D shape given an input of a partial point cloud. It has become a vital process in 3D computer graphics, vision and applications such as autonomous driving, robotics, and augmented reality. These applications often rely on the presence of a complete 3D representation of the environment. Over the past few years, many completion algorithms have been proposed and a substantial amount of research has been carried out. However, there are not many in-depth surveys that summarise the research progress in such a way that allows users to make an informed choice of what algorithms to employ given the type of data they have, the end result they want, the challenges they may face and the possible strategies they could use. In this study, we present a comprehensive survey and classification of articles on point cloud completion untill August 2023 based on the strategies, techniques, inputs, outputs, and network architectures. We will also cover datasets, evaluation methods, and application areas in point cloud completion. Finally, we discuss challenges faced by the research community and future research directions.

Herbal Medicinal Nanoformulations for Psoriasis Treatment: Current State of Knowledge and Future Directions

Background: Psoriasis is a persistent immune system disorder that influences the skin, leading to red, flaky patches that can be painful and irritated. Objective: Traditional treatments for psoriasis, such as topical creams and oral medications, may be effective but also have potential side effects. Herbal remedies have been used for centuries to treat skin conditions, and advancements in nanotechnology have led to the development of herbal nanoformulations that offer several advantages over traditional herbal remedies, such as efficacy, safety, and targeted delivery. Methods: The studies and reviews published under the title were looked up in several databases (including PubMed, Elsevier, and Google Scholar). Results: Several herbal nanoformulations, including those containing curcumin, aloe vera, and neem, have been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory impacts, which will be useful within the treatment of psoriasis. However, more study is required to decide the efficacy and safety of these details, as well as the optimal dosing, duration of treatment, and potential side effects. Conclusion: Overall, herbal nanoformulations represent a promising area of research for the treatment of psoriasis, and may offer a safe and effective alternative or adjunct therapy to conventional treatments. This review article summarizes the present state of information for the herbal nanoformulations role in the treatment of psoriasis and their future perspectives.

Nanoparticle-based Gene Therapy for Neurodegenerative Disorders.

Neurological disorders present a formidable challenge in modern medicine due to the intricate obstacles set for the brain and the multipart nature of genetic interventions. This review article delves into the promising realm of nanoparticle-based gene therapy as an innovative approach to addressing the intricacies of neurological disorders. Nanoparticles (NPs) provide a multipurpose podium for the conveyance of therapeutic genes, offering unique properties such as precise targeting, enhanced stability, and the potential to bypass blood-brain barrier (BBB) restrictions. This comprehensive exploration reviews the current state of nanoparticle-mediated gene therapy in neurological disorders, highlighting recent advancements and breakthroughs. The discussion encompasses the synthesis of nanoparticles from various materials and their conjugation to therapeutic genes, emphasizing the flexibility in design that contributes to specific tissue targeting. The abstract also addresses the low immunogenicity of these nanoparticles and their stability in circulation, critical factors for successful gene delivery. While the potential of NP-based gene therapy for neurological disorders is vast, challenges and gaps in knowledge persist. The lack of extensive clinical trials leaves questions about safety and potential side effects unanswered. Therefore, this abstract emphasizes the need for further research to validate the therapeutic applications of NP-mediated gene therapy and to address nanosafety concerns. In conclusion, nanoparticle-based gene therapy emerges as a promising avenue in the pursuit of effective treatments for neurological disorders. This abstract advocates for continued research efforts to bridge existing knowledge gaps, unlocking the full potential of this innovative approach and paving the way for transformative solutions in the realm of neurological health.

Postoperative pain management after abdominal transplantations.

The aim of this review article is to present current recommendations as well as knowledge gaps and controversies pertaining to commonly utilized postoperative pain management after solid organ transplantation in the abdominal cavity. Postsurgical pain has been identified as one of the major challenges in recovery and treatment after solid organ transplants. Many perioperative interventions and management strategies are available for reducing and managing postoperative pain. Management should be tailored to the individual needs, taking an interdisciplinary and holistic approach and following enhanced recovery after surgery guidelines. Many centers currently utilize peripheral and neuraxial blocks during transplantation surgery, but these techniques are far from standardized practices. The utilization of these procedures is often dependent on transplantation centers' historical methods and perioperative cultures. The optimal pain management regimen has not yet been definitively established, and current scientific evidence does not yet support the endorsement of a certain analgesic approach. This objective necessitates the need for high-quality randomized controlled trials.

Air Pollution and Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk and Progression: Implications for the Mucosal Origins Hypothesis and Climate Change for RA Pathogenesis.

The goal of this review paper is to summarize the main research and findings regarding air pollution and its association with the risk and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The most studied components of air pollution included particulate matter of ≤ 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5), PM10, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitric oxide (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3). In addition, specific occupations and occupational inhalants have been investigated for RA risk. Several studies showed that increased exposure to air pollutants increased the risk of developing RA, particularly seropositive RA. There was evidence of gene-inhalant interactions for seropositive RA risk. Fewer studies have been conducted on RA disease activity and bone erosions. Some studies suggest that patients with RA-associated interstitial lung disease may have worse outcomes if exposed to air pollution. We summarized associations between air pollution and increased RA risk, including RA-associated interstitial lung disease. Relatively few studies investigated air pollution and RA disease activity or other outcomes. These results suggest an important role of air pollution for seropositive RA development and suggest that climate change could be a driver in increasing RA incidence as air pollution increases.

Exploring the Potential of High Entropy Alloys: A Comprehensive Review on Microstructure, Properties and Applications: Part I

Over the past few years, there has been a notable surge in research interest surrounding high entropy alloys (HEAs) owing to their exceptional properties. Unlike conventional alloys, HEAs consist of five or more principal elements, which offer endless possibilities for developing new alloy systems. HEAs exhibit a high concentration of mixing elements, resulting in high disorderliness of the atomic structure within the material, known as high entropy. This unique nature provides HEAs with desirable properties, including excellent mechanical and physical properties at elevated temperatures, making them ideal for high-temperature applications like cryogenic engines and gas turbines. Moreover, HEAs have shown remarkable corrosion resistance, positioning them as viable options for applications in demanding environments such as marine settings, oil and gas pipelines and chemical processing plants. This comprehensive review paper analyses recent studies on various HEAs. Part I introduces HEAs and describes their synthesis, microstructure, hardness and strength properties.

Multi-functional Acyl Urea Compounds: A Review on Related Patents, Clinical Trials, and Synthetic Approaches

: Acyl ureas are a well-known class of organic compounds that have drawn a lot of attention recently because of their array of chemical properties and possible multi-use in medicine. The article summarizes the synthetic procedures used to produce various Acyl urea synthons and includes instances of clinical trials, patents, and commercialized medications having Acyl urea and N-acyl urea moiety. This extensive study examines and summarizes research on acyl urea derivatives conducted over the last 20 years from a variety of sources, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Google Websites. When it comes to the discovery of new chemicals, urea derivatives still require attention compared to other acyl compounds. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the various synthetic approaches utilized in the design of an array of acyl ureas to accomplish the same goal. This work summarizes information related to several heteroatom-fused acyl urea compounds, which fortunately will be a very useful resource for chemists and scientists who are interested in acyl urea synthesis and its applications in chemistry.

An Assessment of the Evolution of Executive Functions

Cognitive evolution, as the core subject of fields like paleoanthropology, cognitive archeology, and neuropsychology, has begun to gain more interest in psychology in recent years. Executive functions are viewed from the perspective of cognitive evolution as basic advancements that are crucial to the evolution of language and contemporary cognition. As a metaphor, executive functions refer to advanced cognitive processes (working memory, inhibition, organization, cognitive flexibility, etc.) in the context of complex goal-directed behaviors. Sophisticated cognitive traits like executive functions emerged because of solutions to adaptive issues (survival, reproduction, and social group life) that human ancestors confronted over millions of years and passed them on to their offspring. Although it is accepted that Homo sapiens owes its evolutionary success to Paleolithic living conditions, explaining this process has not always been easy. In this review article, general information about executive functions is presented, followed by a review of scientific explanations about the evolution of executive functions. Evaluations have shown that these alternative scientific explanations based on archaeological, anthropological, and neuropsychological evidence for the evolutionary origins of executive functions do not fit all the pieces of the puzzle. It is believed that novel research models will clarify which of these alternative explanations are proximate causes and which are ultimate causes.

Digital health in your hands: A narrative review of exploring Ayushman Bharat's digital revolution

Background: “The Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM)” is a revolutionary initiative started in India in September 2021 that aims to digitalize the country's healthcare industry. Initiatives like Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission, CoWIN App, Aarogya Setu, e-Sanjeevani, and e-Hospital provide healthcare services and facilities that reach every corner of India. This narrative review focuses on the mission's goals, objectives, innovations, significant features, progress, and worldwide scenery for digital health practices—India's healthcare scene by delivering universal health coverage and improving health outcomes. The assessment finds that ABDM is an important step toward a digitalized healthcare system that requires attention and assistance to overcome obstacles and reach its full potential. Methods: The research utilized various databases including Research Gate, PubMed, Google Scholar, and government portals to conduct a comprehensive literature review. This review article provides a critical analysis and offers essential suggestions, ideas, and recommendations for the effective and rapid implementation of the Ayushman Bharat Program. Furthermore, it includes information about the program's ability to transform India's healthcare sector and achieve universal health coverage. Conclusion: The revolutionary Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) aims to digitalize India's healthcare industry. It has made major achievements in improving healthcare access, increasing system effectiveness, improving care quality, and promoting teamwork amongst stakeholders in the healthcare system. By implementing strong data privacy and security protocols and developing infrastructure for India's diverse population, ABDM can play a key role in achieving national health coverage and improving health outcomes. ABDM may be vital in attaining national health coverage and greatly enhancing health outcomes with persistent work and strategic assistance.

Radiation therapy systems using linear accelerator, importance of its components and their development

Given the importance of devices used in the field of medicine in terms of diagnosis and treatment, and the great importance of this topic in accelerating early diagnosis and saving the lives of the largest possible number of people, we decided to study one of these devices to better define its components and review some of the difficulties. Many linear accelerators for hybrid magnetic resonance imaging have been developed as a result of the need to profit from directed images of tissues and various body sections during radiation therapy (linear accelerators). There are now a number of linear accelerators for magnetic resonance imaging that cover both low and high magnetic field strengths as well as two directions of the beam field; these systems have the potential to be beneficial. This technology has only recently been used in clinical trials. However, its continued usage as a routine radiation therapy procedure is certain. The majority of the key elements and difficulties encountered in the creation of such technology as well as its present state are outlined in this review article.

Impact of Calcium Aluminate Based Cement and Ceramic Waste Aggregate on the Strength Aspect of Concrete

A new race of development has been launched as quickly as possible in many countries and nations in this modern globe and era of development, but it has been noted that all of them are encountering a variety of issues in reaching their objective. Their development has been reported to be hindered by a lack of resources, and among the issues they encounter are the absence and scarcity of a variety of high-quality, environmentally friendly building materials. The lack of building materials is one of the main issues that these developing countries are dealing with. This review paper goes into great detail about the issue at hand and makes some recommendations based on a number of earlier research findings. The major materials discussed are both waste material and those with very good constructional properties.

Powering reputation: Employee communication as the key to boosting resilience and growth in the U.S. Service Industry

The U.S. service industry, a critical pillar of the national economy, faces unprecedented challenges in maintaining resilience and achieving sustainable growth in a rapidly changing market. This review article argues that the key to overcoming these challenges lies in strategic employee communication, positioning it as a vital driver of organizational reputation and, consequently, economic resilience and growth. By examining a broad range of literature, this review highlights the transformative power of internal communication in shaping an organization's public image and fostering a culture of trust, engagement, and loyalty among employees. The article dissects the role of employee communication in empowering workers to act as brand ambassadors, whose interactions with external stakeholders can significantly enhance corporate reputation. It underscores how transparent, consistent, and well-crafted communication initiatives can align employees with organizational goals, creating a unified workforce that is both resilient and adaptable in the face of economic fluctuations. This alignment not only strengthens the internal fabric of the organization but also translates into a stronger, more credible public image, which is crucial for sustaining growth in a competitive and often volatile service sector. Moreover, the review explores the ripple effects of effective communication on organizational resilience. It details how companies that prioritize open and strategic communication are better equipped to navigate crises, retain top talent, and innovate in response to market changes. In this context, employee communication is not merely a tool for internal cohesion but a strategic asset that directly influences a company's ability to thrive in the U.S. service industry. The article concludes by emphasizing the imperative for service industry leaders to recognize and harness the potential of employee communication as a lever for boosting reputation and, ultimately, economic resilience and growth. As the service industry continues to evolve, those organizations that master the art of internal communication will be best positioned to lead, innovate, and succeed in an increasingly competitive marketplace. This review positions employee communication not just as an operational necessity, but as the cornerstone of a resilient and growth-oriented organizational strategy in the U.S. service industry.

The Impact of Educational Technologies on Modern Education: Navigating Opportunities and Challenges

The integration of technology into modern education has profoundly transformed traditional learning environments and offered unprecedented opportunities. This review article explores the multifaceted impact of technology on education, focusing on its role in enhancing access to information, personalizing learning experiences, and fostering collaboration among students and educators. Technological advancements, such as online learning platforms, educational software, and digital resources, have democratized education, making it accessible to a broader audience. However, challenges such as the digital divide, data privacy concerns, and potential exacerbation of educational inequalities persist. The article also examines shifts in pedagogical approaches, particularly the adoption of blended and hybrid learning models, and their implications for teacher-student interactions and curriculum development. By reviewing existing literature and case studies, this article provides a balanced overview of how technology is reshaping education and emphasizes the need for thoughtful integration and equitable access to ensure all students benefit from these advancements.

Conceptual framework for enhancing front-end web performance: Strategies and best practices

This review paper presents a conceptual framework for optimizing front-end web performance, emphasizing the critical strategies of code splitting, lazy loading, caching, and other optimization techniques such as minification and image optimization. The paper explores the importance of front-end performance in enhancing user experience, reducing load times, and increasing user engagement, which is vital for driving the digital economy forward. Through a detailed analysis of key performance metrics and the challenges in optimizing front-end performance, the paper underscores how integrating multiple strategies can lead to comprehensive optimization. The discussion includes practical guidelines for prioritizing and implementing these strategies based on specific project needs, ensuring a holistic approach to performance. Furthermore, the paper examines the economic impact of optimized front-end performance, showcasing real-world examples and future trends, such as progressive web apps and machine learning, shaping the next generation of web development.

Innovative approaches to the maintenance and repair of biomedical devices in resource-limited settings

This review paper examines innovative approaches to maintaining and repairing biomedical devices in resource-limited settings, emphasizing the critical role these devices play in healthcare delivery. It addresses the challenges healthcare facilities face in these regions, such as the lack of spare parts, limited technical expertise, and harsh environmental conditions. The paper highlights several innovative strategies, including using locally sourced materials, developing low-cost, adaptable tools, remote support systems, and targeted training programs for local technicians. These approaches significantly improve device functionality, reduce downtime, and enhance the reliability and availability of essential medical equipment. By fostering collaboration between local technicians and external experts and building local capacity, these strategies contribute to better patient care and overall healthcare delivery. The paper also discusses prospects and recommendations for sustaining these innovations to strengthen healthcare systems in resource-constrained environments.

Designing state-level policies to support independent pharmacies in providing specialty care services in rural regions

This review paper explores the critical role of independent pharmacies in rural regions, emphasizing their potential to deliver specialty care services despite facing significant challenges. These challenges include financial constraints, regulatory barriers, and limited specialized training and resource access. The paper argues that comprehensive state-level policies are necessary to support these pharmacies, enabling them to overcome these obstacles and enhance healthcare access in rural areas. Key policy recommendations include providing financial incentives such as grants and subsidies, regulatory reforms to streamline licensing processes and expand the scope of practice for pharmacists, and promoting partnerships between pharmacies, healthcare providers, and telehealth services. The paper also highlights the importance of integrating independent pharmacies into state health programs and adopting advanced technologies like telepharmacy and electronic health records. Future research directions are suggested, focusing on the impact of digital health technologies and evolving healthcare payment models on independent pharmacies in rural regions. The paper concludes by underscoring the need for targeted policy interventions to strengthen the role of independent pharmacies in rural healthcare, thereby improving health outcomes and quality of life for rural populations.

Advancements in biomedical device implants: A comprehensive review of current technologies

This review paper explores the critical role of biomedical engineers in developing advanced biomedical device implants, emphasizing their involvement in research, design, and clinical implementation. It highlights the interdisciplinary collaboration between engineers, medical professionals, and materials scientists, which is essential for the successful advancement of implant technologies. The paper also examines recent implant materials, design, and functionality innovations, focusing on integrating smart technologies and sustainable materials. Furthermore, it discusses the challenges of ensuring biocompatibility and safety and the ethical and regulatory considerations that guide the development of these devices. The review concludes with an outlook on the future of biomedical implants, identifying emerging trends and potential breakthroughs that could further revolutionize patient care.