Surgical Management Of Chronic Pancreatitis Research Articles

Surgical management of chronic pancreatitis: A narrative review.

Chronic pancreatitis is a severe disabling disease with persistent pain as the most prominent symptom often leading to significant quality of life (QoL) reduction. Current international guidelines propagate a step-up approach in which surgery should only be considered as a last resort in patients with failure of both medical and endoscopic interventions. Accumulating evidence, however, suggests that surgery is superior to endoscopic therapy and that early surgical intervention is beneficial in terms of pain relief, pancreatic function and QoL. Several surgical procedures are available with low morbidity and mortality rates, providing excellent long-term results. The purpose of this review was to present an overview of the surgical treatment options for chronic pancreatitis with a focus on the timing of surgery.

Long-term symptom resolution following the surgical management of chronic pancreatitis

BackgroundPervasive symptoms from chronic pancreatitis despite noninvasive management is an indication for surgical intervention. Frey and Whipple procedures are appropriate options for proximal pancreas disease; however, data are limited on symptomatic outcomes. MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent surgical intervention for chronic pancreatitis of the proximal pancreas from 2005 to 2019. Preoperative patient characteristics and postoperative outcomes were evaluated. ResultsOne hundred forty patients underwent surgical intervention for chronic pancreatitis, 91 Whipple and 49 Frey procedures. Mean age was 53 years (SD 12), and mean BMI 24 (SD 5.6). At post-operative follow-up, 74 ​% were asymptomatic, and 84 ​% at average follow-up of 2 years. Groove pancreatitis, lack of post-operative delayed gastric emptying, and decreased length of stay were predictive of symptom resolution. ConclusionsWhipple and Frey procedures are appropriate surgical options for chronic pancreatitis affecting the proximal pancreas. Both lead to sustained symptom resolution for most patients.

Surgical management of chronic pancreatitis in Jordan: an experience from Tertiary Hospital, a case series

Surgical management of chronic pancreatitis in Jordan: an experience from Tertiary Hospital, a case series

Comparative study of surgical management of chronic pancreatitis

Background: Chronic pancreatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease, characterised by irreversible, progressive destruction of pancreatic tissue, with progressive fibrosis of pancreas, leading to progressive loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. Chronic pancreatitis is characterised by the patient complaining of relentless pain abdomen with its radiation to the back, the history of persistent vomiting, which forces the patient to take. The surgical procedure can be carried out either via open approach or laparoscopically. The purpose of this thesis is to study the various methods of how surgical management can be provided to the patients and to compare the outcomes of these methods in terms of the length of the patient’s hospital stays and various intra op and post op complications. Methods: A total of 50 patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis undergoing elective pancreaticojejunostomy in Grant government medical college, Mumbai during the time period of October 2020 to September 2022 were included in this prospective cohort study. Results: The mean age of the study population was 36.6 years, and significant improvement was seen in laparoscopic method with mean blood loss of 104 ml, initiation of enteral nutrition of 4 days and average length of hospital stay being 8 days. Conclusions: This work significantly advances our understanding of various operative techniques of pancreatojejunostomy laparoscopic and open. This study aims to study the various advantages and disadvantages of one technique over the other.

Surgical Management of Chronic Pancreatitis: A Systemic Review.

Chronic pancreatitis is a debilitating disease. It is caused by the progressive destruction of normal pancreatic parenchyma, which is replaced by fibrous tissue causing pain in addition to pancreatic insufficiency. There is no single mechanism of pain in chronic pancreatitis. Several medical, endoscopic, and surgical treatment strategies are available to control this disease. Surgical techniques are divided into resection, drainage, and hybrid procedures. The review aimed to compare various surgical procedures used in the management of chronic pancreatitis. The ideal operation is the one that effectively and persistently relieves the pain and has the least morbidity with favorable pancreatic reserve. All the randomized control trials from inception to January 2023, which fulfilled the inclusion criteria, were extensively searched on PubMed and a systemic review was conducted comparing the surgical outcomes of the variety of operations used in chronic pancreatitis. Duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection is the common procedure done with favorable outcomes.

Long term outcomes of surgical management of chronic pancreatitis: results from a contemporary series

Long term outcomes of surgical management of chronic pancreatitis: results from a contemporary series

Bile duct preserving pancreatic head resection (BDPPHR): Can we conclusively define the extent of head resection in surgery for chronic pancreatitis?

The role of surgical management for chronic pancreatitis in providing pain relief and improving quality of life is significant. Surgical techniques involving pancreatic head resection scored more over the drainage procedures. Among the resection procedures, Frey’s procedure received widespread acceptance. However, the exact extent of pancreatic head resection to be performed and the limits of the resection are still debatable. The present report of bile duct preserving pancreatic head resection (BDPPHR) describes an innovative approach to the pancreatic head and conclusively defines the extent of head resection. The simplicity, feasibility and easy reproducibility of the BDPPHR is also reiterated.

Long Term Follow-up Results of Surgical Management of Chronic Pancreatitis

Background: Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive loss of exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function. Surgical procedures are required in cases of intractable pain, biliary obstruction or intestinal obstruction, complications from pseudocysts, or pancreatic fistulae. Objective: To assess the outcomes after surgical management of chronic pancreatitis, in a long-term follow-up. Methods: Patients that underwent surgical management of chronic pancreatitis,from 2006 to 2017, were reviewed. Demographics and complications of the procedures were recorded. Visual analogue pain scale was used for pain control evaluation. The 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire was used for quality of life assessment. Results: Sixty-five patients were included in the study. Mean follow-up was 60.26 months. Twenty patients underwent lateral pancreatojejunostomy, 22 to Roux-en-Y cystojejunostomy, 7 to transgastric cyst-gastrostomy,1 to Frey procedure, 4 to hepaticojejunostomy, 1 to Frey procedure and hepaticojejunostomy, 1 to lateral pancreatojejunostomy and cyst-gastrostomy, 7 to lateral pancreatojejunostomy and hepaticojejunostomy and 2 to cystojejunostomy and hepaticojejunostomy. No cases of perioperative deaths were recorded. A Pancreatic fistula was found in 5 cases, and all of them followed non-operative management. Of the 65 patients included in the study, 39 answered the questionnaires. Mean scores on SF-12, physical and mental scales were respectively 42.72 +- 10.76 and 49.84 +- 11.75. Conclusion: Surgical management of chronic pancreatitis is safe, with low mortality and morbidity rates. These procedures are effective in assuaging pain and in providing good quality of life.

Long term follow-up results of surgical management of chronic pancreatitis

Background: Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive loss of exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function. Surgical procedures are required in cases of intractable pain, biliary obstruction or intestinal obstruction, complications from pseudocysts, or pancreatic fistulae. Methods: Patients submitted to surgical management of chronic pancreatitis in a single institute, from 2006 to 2017, were reviewed. Demographics and complications of the procedures were recorded. Visual analogue pain scale was used for pain control evaluation. For quality-of-life (qol) assessment, the SF-12 questionnaire was used. Results: There were 65 patients included in the study, and 39 answered the questionnaires. The mean age was 44 years old. The causes of chronic pancreatitis were alcohol abuse in 57 cases, hypercalcemia in 2 cases, hereditary in 2 cases, and idiopathic in 4 cases. Mean follow-up was 60.26 months. Twenty patients were submitted to lateral pancreatojejunostomy, 22 to Roux-en-Y cystojejunostomy, 7 to transgastric cyst-gastrostomy, 1 to Frey procedure, 4 to hepaticojejunostomy, 1 to Frey procedure and hepaticojejunostomy, 1 to lateral pancreatojejunostomy and cyst-gastrostomy, 7 to lateral pancreatojejunostomy and hepaticojejunostomy, and 2 to cystojejunostomy and hepaticojejunostomy. No cases of perioperative death occurred. Pancreatic fistulae was present in 5 cases, all of them followed nonoperative management. Mean scores on SF-12, physical and mental scales were respectively 42.72 ± SD 10.76 and 49.84 ± SD 11.75. Out of 36 patients submitted to surgery for pain management and that answered the questionnaires, 35 had a complete or partial pain relief. Conclusion: Surgical management of chronic pancreatitis is safe, with low mortality and morbidity rates. The outcomes of these procedures demonstrated to be effective in assuaging pain, in controlling complications and qol.

Surgical management of chronic pancreatitis: a single centre experience

Abstract available on the PDF.

Patient Selection for Total Pancreatectomy with Islet Autotransplantation in the Surgical Management of Chronic Pancreatitis

Best practice to select patients with chronic pancreatitis for surgical management with total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT) is in evolution as new discoveries are made in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis. A prospectively maintained database of patients undergoing TPIAT was reviewed. Islet function was inferred from daily insulin requirement. Pain relief was evaluated by healthcare use and narcotic use. Quality of life (QOL) was measured with the RAND 12-Item Short Form Survey. One hundred and ninety-five patients (141 women, aged 40.3 years, BMI 26.5 kg/m2) underwent TPIAT. Mean duration of disease before operation was 8.1 years. Fifty-six (29%) patients had pancreatic operations before TPIAT, 37 (19%) patients were diabetic preoperatively, and 52 (27%) patients were smokers. A mean of 3,253 islet equivalents transplanted/kg were harvested. Insulin independence was achieved in 29%, 28%, and 23% of patients at 1, 2, and 5 years postoperative. Nonsmokers with a shorter duration of chronic pancreatitis and no earlier pancreas operation were more likely to be insulin free. Median number of preoperative emergency department visits and hospitalizations were 6.6 and 4.3 annually, respectively, compared with 0 at 1, 2, and 5 years postoperative. Median oral morphine equivalents were 214 mg/kg preoperation and 60, 64, 69, at 1, 2, 5 years postoperative. Preoperative, 1, 2, 5 years postoperative QOL scores were 29, 36, 34, and 33 (physical; p < 0.01) and 39, 44, 42, and 42 (mental health; p < 0.02). Genetic pancreatitis patients were more often narcotic free and had better QOL than patients with pancreatitis of other causes. At 5 years, overall survival was 92.3%. Total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation is a durable operation, with islet function, pain relief, and QOL improvements persisting to 5 years postoperative. Patients with genetic pancreatitis, short duration of disease, and nonsmokers have superior outcomes.

Surgical management of chronic pancreatitis

Surgical management of chronic pancreatitis

Surgical Management of Chronic pancreatitis: What Can Surgeons Do?

만성 췌장염은 췌장의 비가역적 손상으로 인하여 심한 복통 및 소화장애를 동반한 설사, 지방변, 당뇨병 등 여러 가지 췌장의 내/외분비기능장애를 나타내는 만성 질환이다. 최근 만성 췌장염의 치료는 내과적 치료가 우선적으로 시행하여 수술을 시행하는 빈도가 줄어들었지만 아직까지 만성 췌장염 합병증 치료에 수술적 치료가 중요한 역할을 한다. 만성 췌장염에서 가장 중요하고 흔한 수술적 치료의 적응증은 내과적 치료에도 반응이 없는 만성 통증이다. 수술 방법은 크게 배액술과 췌절제술로 나눌 수 있고 수술 전 충분한 영상 의학적 정보와 환자에 대한 이해가 있은 후 적절한 술식을 선택한다. 가장 효과적인 만성 췌장염의 치료를 위해서 만성 췌장염의 자연경과에 대한 연구를 통하여 수술적 치료와 내시경 치료를 비교 연구함으로써 적절한 치료의 가이드라인을 만드는 것이 중요하다.

United European Gastroenterology evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and therapy of chronic pancreatitis (HaPanEU).

There have been substantial improvements in the management of chronic pancreatitis, leading to the publication of several national guidelines during recent years. In collaboration with United European Gastroenterology, the working group on 'Harmonizing diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis across Europe' (HaPanEU) developed these European guidelines using an evidence-based approach. Twelve multidisciplinary review groups performed systematic literature reviews to answer 101 predefined clinical questions. Recommendations were graded using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system and the answers were assessed by the entire group in a Delphi process online. The review groups presented their recommendations during the 2015 annual meeting of United European Gastroenterology. At this one-day, interactive conference, relevant remarks were voiced and overall agreement on each recommendation was quantified using plenary voting (Test and Evaluation Directorate). After a final round of adjustments based on these comments, a draft version was sent out to external reviewers. The 101 recommendations covered 12 topics related to the clinical management of chronic pancreatitis: aetiology (working party (WP)1), diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis with imaging (WP2 and WP3), diagnosis of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (WP4), surgery in chronic pancreatitis (WP5), medical therapy (WP6), endoscopic therapy (WP7), treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts (WP8), pancreatic pain (WP9), nutrition and malnutrition (WP10), diabetes mellitus (WP11) and the natural course of the disease and quality of life (WP12). Using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system, 70 of the 101 (70%) recommendations were rated as 'strong' and plenary voting revealed 'strong agreement' for 99 (98%) recommendations. The 2016 HaPanEU/United European Gastroenterology guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations concerning key aspects of the medical and surgical management of chronic pancreatitis based on current available evidence. These recommendations should serve as a reference standard for existing management of the disease and as a guide for future clinical research.

Surgical management of chronic pancreatitis

Surgical management of chronic pancreatitis

Surgical approaches to chronic pancreatitis: indications and imaging findings.

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is an irreversible, inflammatory process characterized by progressive fibrosis of the pancreas that can result in abdominal pain, exocrine insufficiency, and diabetes. Inadequate pain relief using medical and/or endoscopic therapies is an indication for surgery. The surgical management of CP is centered around three main operations including pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection (DPPHR) and drainage procedures, and total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT). PD is the method of choice when there is a high suspicion for malignancy. Combined drainage and resection procedures are associated with pain relief, higher quality of life, and superior short-term and long-term survival in comparison with the PD. TPIAT is a reemerging treatment that may be promising in subjects with intractable pain and impaired quality of life. Imaging examinations have an extensive role in pre-operative and post-operative evaluation of CP patients. Pre-operative advanced imaging examinations including CT and MRI can detect hallmarks of CP such as calcifications, pancreatic duct dilatation, chronic pseudocysts, focal pancreatic enlargement, and biliary ductal dilatation. Post-operative findings may include periportal hepatic edema, pneumobilia, perivascular cuffing and mild pancreatic duct dilation. Imaging can also be useful in the detection of post-operative complications including obstructions, anastomotic leaks, and vascular lesions. Imaging helps identify unique post-operative findings associated with TPIAT and may aid in predicting viability and function of the transplanted islet cells. In this review, we explore surgical indications as well as pre-operative and post-operative imaging findings associated with surgical options that are typically performed for CP patients.

Surgical management of chronic pancreatitis complicated by biliary and duodenal obstruction

To compare different surgical approaches to chronic pancreatitis complicated by biliary and duodenal obstruction. In the study (n=42) and control (n=36) groups 18 and 4 resections were performed respectively (p=0.004). Early postoperative complications occurred in 15 cases of the study group and 4 cases of the control group (p=0.024). 7 and 1 re-operations were made in both groups respectively (p=0.99). There was no postoperative mortality in both groups. There were 4 cases of return to false-negative results of intraoperative biopsy in the control group. In these patients resection was possible during primary surgery. Resections are advisable for chronic pancreatitis complicated by obstructive jaundice and duodenal obstruction because it eliminates biliary and duodenal obstruction and can accurately determine the nature of disease.

English language version of the S3-consensus guidelines on chronic pancreatitis: Definition, aetiology, diagnostic examinations, medical, endoscopic and surgical management of chronic pancreatitis.

Chronic pancreatitis is a disease of the pancreas in which recurrent inflammatory episodes result in replacement of pancreatic parenchyma by fibrous connective tissue. This fibrotic reorganization of the pancreas leads to a progressive exocrine and endocrine pancreatic insufficiency. In addition, characteristic complications arise, such as pseudocysts, pancreatic duct obstructions, duodenal obstruction, vascular complications, obstruction of the bile ducts, malnutrition and pain syndrome. Pain presents as the main symptom of patients with chronic pancreatitis. Chronic pancreatitis is a risk factor for pancreatic carcinoma. Chronic pancreatitis significantly reduces the quality of life and the life expectancy of affected patients. These guidelines were researched and compiled by 74 representatives from 11 learned societies and their intention is to serve evidence-based professional training as well as continuing education. On this basis they shall improve the medical care of affected patients in both the inpatient and outpatient sector. Chronic pancreatitis requires an adequate diagnostic workup and systematic management, given its severity, frequency, chronicity, and negative impact on the quality of life and life expectancy.

Surgical Management of Chronic Pancreatitis

Advances over the past decade have indicated that a complex interplay between environmental factors, genetic predisposition, alcohol abuse, and smoking lead towards the development of chronic pancreatitis. Chronic pancreatitis is a complex disorder that causes significant and chronic incapacity in patients and a substantial burden on the society. Major advances have been made in the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease and the role of genetic predisposition is increasingly coming to the fore. Advances in noninvasive diagnostic modalities now allow for better diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis at an early stage of the disease. The impact of these advances on surgical treatment is beginning to emerge, for example, patients with certain genetic predispositions may be better treated with total pancreatectomy versus lesser procedures. Considerable controversy remains with respect to the surgical management of chronic pancreatitis. Modern understanding of the neurobiology of pain in chronic pancreatitis suggests that a window of opportunity exists for effective treatment of the intractable pain after which central sensitization can lead to an irreversible pain syndrome in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Effective surgical procedures exist for chronic pancreatitis; however, the timing of surgery is unclear. For optimal treatment of patients with chronic pancreatitis, close collaboration between a multidisciplinary team including gastroenterologists, surgeons, and pain management physicians is needed.

Surgical management of chronic pancreatitis: current utilization in the United States

BackgroundSurgical intervention is uncommon in chronic pancreatitis. Literature largely describes single institution or international experiences. This study describes US‐based chronic pancreatitis surgical management. MethodsRetrospective analysis of chronic pancreatitis patients in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Florida State Inpatient Database 2007–2011. Patients with malignancy or congenital abnormalities were excluded. Univariate analysis using the chi‐square test. The number of readmissions, inpatient length of stay and cost using Wilcoxon's signed‐rank test. Multivariate analysis of surgery by logistic regression. ResultsTwenty‐one thousand four hundred and forty‐five patients with chronic pancreatitis. 10.8% (2 307) underwent surgery including 1652 cholecystectomies, 564 drainage procedures and 498 pancreatectomies. Procedures decreased from 12.1% to 8.3% over time (P< 0.001), but intervention within 3 months increased (7.2% to 8.4%; P = 0.017). 15.3% (3 278) had pancreatic cysts/pseudocysts and 43.4% (9 312) had diabetes. The median numbers of admissions were 2 [interquartile range (IQR) 1,5] and 3 (IQR 2,7) among non‐surgical and surgical patients, respectively (P< 0.001). Predictors of surgery were fewer co‐morbidities, private insurance, and either diabetes mellitus or pancreatic cyst/pseudocyst. ConclusionChronic pancreatitis leads to numerous inpatient readmissions, but surgical intervention only occurs in a minority of cases. Complicated patients are more likely to undergo surgery. The complexities of chronic pancreatitis management warrant early multidisciplinary evaluation and ongoing consideration of surgical and non‐surgical options.