Surgical Management In Adults Research Articles

Surgically repaired tetralogy of Fallot in the 7th decade: a late presentation of severe pulmonic regurgitation.

Surgically repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart disease with a cumulative survival rate of 72% in the 4th decade of life in longitudinal single-cohort studies. Debate surrounds conservative versus surgical management in adults with TOF once pulmonary regurgitation occurs. A 73-year-old male with surgically corrected TOF presented with heart failure symptoms. He underwent ToF repair with a classic right Blalock-Taussig shunt at 2years of age with transannular patching at 18years of age. Echocardiography revealed elevated right ventricular systolic pressures, severe right ventricular dilatation, and pulmonary regurgitation. Our patient's new-onset right-sided heart failure was managed medically with diuresis. He received a new pulmonic valve via percutaneous approach on a later planned hospitalization with resolution of symptoms and improved tricuspid regurgitation. It is a class I recommendation for pulmonic valve intervention once greater than moderate PR occurs; however, medical optimization should take place first. Following adequate RV load optimization, our patient underwent successful transcatheter pulmonic valve implantation with resolution of symptoms and cessation of diuretic.

Is medical management comparable with surgical management in adults with uncomplicated appendicitis?

Is medical management comparable with surgical management in adults with uncomplicated appendicitis?

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in children.

The high success rates of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the clearance of large renal calculi has made it a primary mode of surgical management in adults. Similarly, in children too PCNL has been gaining ground and the indications for the same are on the rise. We retrospectively evaluated the safety and efficacy of this technique, in children below 18years of age. We retrospectively reviewed the inpatient, outpatient records, imaging films of all children with renal stones undergoing PCNL at our hospital. During the study period, 123 children underwent 129 PCNL at our centre for renal calculi. The mean age was 11.06years and 87 (70.73%) of the children were males. The size of the stones varied from 15 to 37 mms in the longest diameter. A complete staghorn was noted in six (4.65%) and a partial staghorn in nine (6.97%) children. Supine PCNL was performed in 21 (16.2%) children and remaining 102 (83.7%) children underwent PCNL in prone position. The mean drop in haemoglobin was 1.24 gm%. Stone clearance was achieved in 122 (94.5%) children. Post-operatively four (3.1%) children needed blood transfusions due to excessive bleeding. Refinements in percutaneous access techniques, miniaturization of instruments, and technologic advances in energy sources for lithotripsy have led to improvement of outcomes and have lowered the morbidity rates in children following PCNL. It is a safe and effective means of clearing large volumes of renal calculi with minimal morbidity.

Efficacy of Coblation Endoscopic Lingual Lightening in Multilevel Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Multilevel obstruction is involved in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Coblation endoscopic lingual lightening (CELL) is a variation of glossectomy to reduce tongue collapse and can be considered in the surgical management of adults with OSA. To evaluate the clinical and polysomnographic outcomes of tongue base reduction using CELL in multilevel surgery for OSA. A retrospective case-control study was performed to review the medical records of adults with OSA (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI], >20) and Friedman stage III (tongue position III and tonsil size I-II) who underwent combined CELL and relocation pharyngoplasty (group 1) or relocation pharyngoplasty alone (group 2) for OSA between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2013, at a tertiary referral sleep center. The groups were matched by age, sex, body mass index, and AHI at baseline. The dates of the analysis were May 30 to June 29, 2014. Coblation endoscopic lingual lightening. The primary outcome measure was change in AHI after surgery (after ≥6 months). Other outcomes were differences in surgical response rates, perioperative apnea index, lowest oxygen saturation, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale score. The study cohort comprised 90 participants. Their mean (SD) age was 40.7 (9.2) years, and 96% (86 of 90) were male. Group 1 patients (n = 30) underwent combined CELL and relocation pharyngoplasty, and group 2 patients (n = 60) underwent relocation pharyngoplasty only. The mean (SD) AHI decreased from 48.4 (16.9) to 16.5 (11.2) (P < .001) in group 1 and from 44.2 (19.3) to 20.1 (15.6) (P < .001) in group 2 . Percentage change in AHI was significantly different between group 1 and group 2 (mean [SD], -65.5 [20.5] vs -53.2 [30.3]) (P = .047). The surgical response rate was greater in group 1 (73% [22 of 30]) than in group 2 (50% [30 of 60]) (P = .04). Without increasing complications, combined CELL and relocation pharyngoplasty achieved greater AHI reduction and a higher surgical response rate among adults with OSA and Friedman stage III compared with relocation pharyngoplasty alone.

Prospective study of patterns of surgical management in adults with primary cutaneous melanoma at high risk of spread, in Queensland, Australia.

Knowledge of variation in diagnosis and surgery in high-risk primary melanoma patients is limited. We assessed frequency and determinants of diagnostic procedures, wide local excision (WLE) and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). People in Queensland newly diagnosed with melanoma, clinical stage 1b or 2, were recruited prospectively. Patient information was collected from questionnaires and pathology records. Differences in surgical procedures in relation to host and tumor characteristics were assessed. In 787 participants, primary melanoma was diagnosed by surgical excision (74%), shave (14%), punch (12%) or incisional (1%) biopsy. General practitioners (GPs) diagnosed 80%. Diagnostic procedure differed by remoteness of residence, health sector, treating doctor's specialty and melanoma site and thickness. 766 patients had WLE, 86% by surgeons. Of 134 residual melanomas, 13 (10%) were ≤ 1 mm at diagnosis but > 1 mm at WLE, mostly after shave biopsy. SLNB was performed in 261 (33%) patients. SLNB was more common in those under 50, in remoter locations or treated by GP initially, and less common with head and neck melanoma. Diagnostic and surgical procedures for primary melanoma vary substantially and partial biopsy can influence initial tumor microstaging. Patient, tumor and doctor characteristics influence SLNB practice.

The Surgical History, Management, and Outcomes of Subaortic Stenosis in Adults

Subaortic stenosis (SAS) is a curtain of tissue involving the subaortic region, the aortic and mitral valves, the septum, and the fibrous trigones. Little is known of its course or the outcomes of its surgical management in adults. We reviewed our experience of the surgical management of SAS in adults from 1999 to 2010. We divided patients into three groups: (1) those presenting for first-time SAS resection (6 patients, 4 male, median age of 46.9 ± 17 years, mean follow-up of 5 ± 2.7 years); (2) those requiring redo resection of SAS without organic aortic valve dysfunction (8 patients, 3 male, median age of 25.3 ± 5 years, mean follow-up of 8 ± 3.08 years); and (3) those with SAS and aortic valve dysfunction (8 patients, 4 males, median age of 34.8 ± 12 years, mean follow-up of 4.5 ± 2.5 years; 5 had previous SAS surgery). Patients underwent extensive excision of the SAS, release of the fibrous trigones, and a septal myectomy if required. There was 1 early death in group 2 and 1 in group 3. In group 3, 1 patient underwent the Ross procedure and 7 patients had mechanical valve implantation. No patient required permanent pacemaker implantation. Overall follow-up was 3.3 ± 3 years (range, 6 months to 10 years). The preoperative left ventricular outflow tract gradient ranged from 40 to 120 mm Hg, and the postoperative left ventricular outflow tract gradient ranged from 0 to 16 mm Hg. At latest follow-up, no patient in groups 1 or 2 had greater than mild native aortic regurgitation. Subaortic stenosis resection in adults can successfully relieve left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, with low mortality. The complexity of SAS increases with time; therefore a longer duration of follow-up is needed to further validate our conclusions.

Surgical Management of Adults with Congenital Deformities of the Spine

Adult congenital scoliosis is more common that congenital kyphosis or lordosis. It is usually present at birth and may remain untreated until adulthood, at which point treatment may be needed for neuro, profession, pulmonary dysfunction, or loss of function. Treatment methods include posterior fusion and instrumentation with or without osteotomies, anterior/posterior fusion with or without osteotomies, or resection and posterior vertebral column resection. The surgical procedures are complex and of high risk with significant morbidity. Current segmental instrumentation systems afford a three dimensional correction of deformity with acceptable complication rates and good outcomes in the properly selected patient.

The role of surgery in the management of supratentorial intermediate and high-grade astrocytomas in adults

In this analysis, the authors review studies over the last 50 years addressing the association between long-term survival and type of surgical management in adults with supratentorial intermediate or high-grade astrocytomas. Earlier reports are included because they are repeatedly referenced in current works and clearly are an important basis upon which present attitudes are predicated. Because recent work has definitively demonstrated the significance of prognostic variables on outcome, the handling of such factors in studies that investigated survival data according to degree of surgery is emphasized. Study design, experimental methods used, and methods of data analysis are also examined. This analysis shows that there is little justification for dogmatic statements concerning the relationship between increasing patient survival times and aggressive surgical management in adults with supratentorial intermediate or high-grade astrocytomas, if patients receive postoperative radiotherapy.