Surgical Interval Research Articles

Delays in the referral and primary management of cutaneous malignant melanoma at Tygerberg Hospital

Background: Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is a significant cause of skin cancer-related mortality. The time between the diagnostic biopsy and primary surgical excision, the surgical interval (SI), is a modifiable factor that may impact melanoma outcomes. Delays in the SI are attributable to many factors.Aim: To determine the SI in patients with resectable CMM treated at Tygerberg Academic Hospital (TAH).Methods: A retrospective review of patients referred to the TAH multidisciplinary melanoma clinic with histologically confirmed CMM between January 2015 and December 2017 was done. Patients 18 years with resectable melanoma (T1b-T4b N0-3 M0-1a) who received definitive surgery were included.Results: The cohort (n = 40) comprised mostly Caucasians referred from the Cape metropolitan (metro) area, with a median age at diagnosis of 59 years. Thirty-one (77.5%) patients had T3 or T4 lesions on diagnostic biopsy. Twenty patients (50%) underwent a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) which led to an upstaging in 20% of cases. The median length of the SI was 13.5 weeks. Eighteen patients (45%) underwent primary excision within the recommended 12 weeks from diagnostic biopsy. There was a significant association between the SI and patients living in the Cape metro (p = 0.04) as well as the SI and p Stage (p = 0.01).Conclusion: Surgical interval guidelines for cutaneous melanoma are poorly defined. We used 12 weeks as an extrapolation of international guidelines. Even though this target was not met, the study is proposed to be of value in guiding future protocols and ultimately allowing for improved, timely service to patients.

Timing to achieve the highest rate of pCR after preoperative radiochemotherapy in rectal cancer: a pooled analysis of 3085 patients from 7 randomized trials

PurposeOptimal timing of surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (Nad-CRT) is still controversial in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). The primary goal of this study was to determine the best surgical interval (SI) to achieve the highest rate of pathological complete response (pCR) and secondly to evaluate the effect on survival outcomes according to the SI. Patients and methodsPatients data were extracted from the international randomized trials: Accord12/0405, EORTC22921, FFCD9203, CAO/ARO/AIO-94, CAO-ARO-AIO-04, INTERACT and TROG01.04. Inclusion criteria were: age≥ 18, cT3–T4 and cN0–2, no clinical evidence of distant metastasis at diagnosis, Nad-CRT followed by surgery.Pearson’s Chi-squared test with Yates’ continuity correction for categorical variables, the Mann–Whitney test for continuous variables, Mann–Kendall test, Kaplan–Meier curves with log-rank test, univariate and multivariate logistic regression model was used for data analysis. Results3085 patients met the inclusion criteria. Overall, the pCR rate was 14% at a median SI of 6 weeks (range 1–31). The cumulative pCR rate increased significantly when SI lengthened, with 95% of pCR events within 10 weeks from Nad-CRT.At univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, lengthening of SI (p< 0.01), radiotherapy dose (p< 0.01), and the addition of oxaliplatin to Nad-CRT (p< 0.01) had a favorable impact on pCR. Furthermore, lengthening of SI was not impact on local recurrences, distance metastases, and overall survival. ConclusionThis pooled analysis suggests that the best time to achieve pCR in LARC is at 10 weeks, considering that the lengthening of SI is not detrimental concerning survival outcomes.

Malignant melanoma: factors affecting the surgical interval from excision biopsy to definitive surgical management.

Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment for malignant melanoma. Despite previous studies examining the surgical interval (SI) between the diagnostic excision biopsy (DEB) and definitive surgical management there remains few guidelines regarding an optimal time interval. The aim of this study was to determine the SI between DEB and definitive surgery and elucidate factors associated with delays in management of malignant melanoma. A retrospective study of 107 consecutive patients who had a DEB and subsequent wide local excision between January 2011 and June 2012 was performed. Mode of referral and dates of diagnostic biopsy/definitive surgery were documented. Patient demographics and tumour characteristics were reviewed. The mean age was 59.6 years, and male:female ratio was 1:1.3. Median duration of the SI was 41 ± 27 days (range 6-137 days). The SI was increased when dermatologists performed the DEB as opposed to general surgeons (p = 0.035). The anatomic location of the lesion predicted the SI, with lesions of the head/neck undergoing definitive excision 48 ± 32.3 days after DEB vs. 37.5 ± 22.6 days for all other sites (p = 0.001). Neither demographic factors nor histopathological prognostic features affected the SI. Reasons for a prolonged SI included referrals to different services and time for pre-operative planning. Significant variations were noted in the SI predominantly accounted for by mode of referral and location of the malignant melanoma. Further investigation is required to elucidate factors affecting the SI and its subsequent effect on patient outcomes.

Variability in interval from diagnostic biopsy to definitive surgical treatment of malignant melanoma in an Irish tertiary-referral centre

Variability in interval from diagnostic biopsy to definitive surgical treatment of malignant melanoma in an Irish tertiary-referral centre

The time from diagnostic excision biopsy to wide local excision for primary cutaneous malignant melanoma may not affect patient survival.

The surgical management of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma usually involves an excision biopsy of the suspected lesion followed by wide local excision. No study has addressed whether a delay between these two surgical procedures influences patient outcome. To determine if the surgical interval (SI) between the diagnostic excision biopsy and wide local excision for primary cutaneous malignant melanoma affects recurrence or survival outcome. A cohort of 986 patients who had a diagnostic excision biopsy followed by wide local excision was identified from those registered on a specialist database that records the clinicopathological features, surgical treatment and follow-up information of all patients with malignant melanoma in Scotland. The cohort was divided into five arbitrary groups determined by the length of the SI as follows:< or =14 days, 15-28 days, 29-42 days, 43-91 days and > or = 92 days. Overall survival, disease-free survival and recurrence-free interval between the groups were compared univariately and multivariately. The mean age at excision biopsy was 47.4 years and the median period of follow-up was 5 years (range 27 days to 20.7 years). The median SI was 30 days (range 1-468 days). The SI was: (i)< or =14 days for 130 (13%); (ii) 15-28 days for 320 (33%); (iii) 29-42 days for 262 (27%); (iv) 43-91 days for 251 (25%); and (v) > or = 92 days for 23 (2%) patients. The latter group was older, had thinner melanomas, a higher percentage of lesions on the head and neck, fewer superficial spreading malignant melanomas and ulceration present less often compared with patients treated earlier. Univariately, there was no significant difference in overall survival (P = 0.60) or disease-free survival (P = 0.24) between the groups. Although there was a statistically significant difference in the percentage of recurrence-free patients between the groups (P = 0.011), the better recurrence-free rates occurred in the 29-42 and 43-91 day groups. After adjusting for age, sex, tumour thickness, site, histology, ulceration and mitotic activity using Cox's proportional hazards model, there was no statistically significant difference in overall survival, disease-free survival and recurrence-free percentages between the surgical groups (P = 0.88, P = 0.44 and P = 0.084, respectively). There was no evidence that survival outcome or recurrence was related to the time interval between the diagnostic excision biopsy and wide local excision of melanoma.