Indian Surgeons Research Articles

The State of Pediatric Kidney Transplantation in India: A Survey-based Analysis of Practices, Challenges, and Educational Needs

ABSTRACT Background: Technical and immunological advancements have improved patient and graft survival rates in pediatric kidney transplantation (PKT). However, the landscape of PKT in India remains underexplored. We conducted a questionnaire-based survey among Indian pediatric surgeons to delineate contemporary trends in PKT. Methods: The online survey comprised 10 questions assessing pediatric surgeons’ involvement in PKT, existing challenges, and educational needs. Results: Of 610 surveyed pediatric surgeons, 120 responded (19.67% response rate). Majority of the respondents were affiliated with teaching programs, either in the public sector (61.18%) or in corporate setups (25.21%). While 65.83% of respondents managed pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease, only 10% had PKT programs at their institutes. Most of the respondents (67.5%) believed that pediatric surgeons should perform PKTs. Despite this, only 15.83% were part of the renal transplantation team at their institute and only 2.5% routinely performed PKTs. Most of the respondents (63.33%) advocated for mandatory KT exposure during postdoctoral training. Conclusion: Despite enthusiasm among pediatric surgeons, actual involvement remains low. Dedicated PKT programs are necessary to address these challenges along with improved training by integrating transplantation sciences into the pediatric surgical curriculum. The study underscores the need for pediatric surgeons to specialize in transplantation and advocates for policy changes to address the prevailing challenges.

Assessment of Chemotherapy Knowledge and Practices Among Breast Surgeons in India: Identifying Gaps and Areas for Improvement

Assessment of Chemotherapy Knowledge and Practices Among Breast Surgeons in India: Identifying Gaps and Areas for Improvement

Assessment of Needlestick and Sharps Injuries (NSSIs) Amongst Orthopaedic Surgeons in Clinical Practice: A Pan-India Cross-Sectional Study.

Needlestick and sharps injuries (NSSIs) represent an existential occupational hazard risk to orthopaedic surgeons during their career due to the interaction with various devices, instruments and bone fragments. Consequently, NSSIs have the potential to transmit infections such as Hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatitis C (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) leading to serious illness. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to identify the clinical settings predisposing orthopaedic surgeons to NSSIs and assess their adherence to safety protocols in the Indian context. An online cross-sectional survey of 618 orthopaedic surgeons in India, stratified by experience into two groups: under five years and with 5years or more was undertaken. The data were collected via an expert-validated online questionnaire to evaluate demographic distribution, injury characteristics, knowledge of safety protocols, and adherence to these protocols. Descriptive statistics summarized the data, Chi-square tests assessed variable associations, and odds ratios were computed for significant variables. Ethical integrity was maintained via electronic informed consent and for confidentiality assurances. The study revealed that orthopaedic surgeons with less than 5years of clinical experience had higher risks for NSSIs as compared to those with 5 or more years of clinical practice. Conversely, the latter group was more susceptible to bone spike injuries and viral positive needlestick incidents. The analysis shows that whilst the more experienced practitioners displayed greater proficiency in the application of universal precautions and NSSI prevention, they were also less likely to report injuries, often due to discomfiture. Risk profiles were consistent across different practice settings and affiliations, regardless of experience level. This cross-sectional study reveals less experienced orthopaedic surgeons face higher risks of NSSIs, possibly due to inadequate education or awareness. More experienced practitioners encounter distinct risks, likely owing to long-term exposure and traditional practices. There is an immediate need to raise awareness of the potential risks of NSSIs, enhanced education, appropriate training, collaboration with the hospital risk management team and developing a culture of transparent reporting to mitigate these risks. The emphasis should be on reducing the incidence and fostering open reporting of NSSIs to protect clinicians and promote health safety.

“They Surge-on…The Journey of an Early Career Plastic Surgeon in India as I see it”

AbstractThe journey to becoming a plastic surgeon is a long one. Most nonsurgeons are unaware of the actual scope of plastic surgery and the spectrum of surgeries done by plastic surgeons. The constant look-out for “cutting chances” from early in the career can be quite exhausting and may take a toll on the professional relationships as well as personal lives of plastic surgeons. Many a time in the wake of striving for operative opportunities, research may take a back seat. Being an endocrinologist, who has witnessed closely, the life of a young lady plastic surgeon I have come to understand that the grind and struggle for development of skills in microsurgical techniques can be overwhelming. To prevent professional burnout, encouragement and guidance from mentors as well as setting priorities may go a long way.

Clinical Profile Analysis of Diabetic Foot

Introduction: Diabetic foot is one of the common problems encountered by surgeons in India. The surgeon would be better equipped to treat if data regarding the demographics, clinical presentation and factors leading to foot complications in diabetics is available along with the treatment and outcomes. Materials and Methods: This study aims to describe the clinical profile of patients with diabetic foot. This is a retrospective study. The study material was obtained from the patient records from 2018 to 2019. A total of 40 patients were included in the study. The demographics, clinical features, treatment and outcomes were noted. Statistical analysis was done. Results: Most common presentation was diabetic foot ulcers in 50% patients. Other presentations included cellulitis and gangrene. In 20% cases, diabetes was newly diagnosed. The mean duration of diabetes was 5 years. Treatment included regular dressings for 27.5% patients, debridement for 30%, incision and drainage in 15% and amputations in 15% patients. Empirical antibiotics given were amoxicillin-clavulanate and cephalosporins. The mean duration of hospital stay was 12.9 days. All patients improved with treatment. Conclusion: Early treatment is effective and limb saving. This study suggests inadequate control of diabetes and infection as a major cause for diabetic foot which may progress to sepsis with/without gangrene in the presence of PAD or neuropathy.

Gender disparities in cardiothoracic surgery: a comparative study in India.

This study aimed to examine the prevalence of gender bias in the field of cardiothoracic vascular surgery in India and compared women surgeons and trainees in India and abroad. This was a comparative, cross-sectional analytical study using an online questionnaire. The survey included questions about demographics, career choice, training, academic and leadership opportunities, and the impact of choosing cardiothoracic-vascular surgery as a career on personal life. A total of 203 practicing surgeons and trainees participated in the study and included 121 (59.6%) men and 82 (40.3%) women. Out of the 82 women, 48 (58.5%) were from India, and 34 (41.5%) were from other countries. Satisfaction with the specialty was similar among men and women (105 (86.7%) vs. 68 (82.9%), p = 0.44 respectively). Majority (n = 30, 62.5%) of the female surgeons in India reported being discriminated against, as well as receiving favored treatment 11 (22.9%). Compared to men, women surgeons in India were more frequently advised against pursuing a career in cardiothoracic and vascular surgery (p < 0.001) and were more frequently subjected to gender-related references (p < 0.001). In addition, they had fewer presentation opportunities (p = 0.016) at national or regional meetings during their training compared to men. Additionally, 50% (24) of the women in India reported being single, in contrast to 7% (6) of men, and only 15 (31.3%) women reported having a child, compared to 57 (66.3%) of the men. The study revealed significant gender disparities within the field of cardiothoracic vascular surgery in India and highlights the urgent need to address gender disparities and bias in cardiothoracic vascular surgery.

Functional Outcomes of Arthroscopic Bankart Repair in Indian Population: A Systematic Review and a Meta-analysis

Abstract Introduction: The past two decades have witnessed significant development in arthroscopic management for recurrent anterior shoulder instability. Currently, arthroscopic Bankart repair (ABR) is popular in the treatment of anterior shoulder instability. There is a dramatic rise in the number of orthopedic surgeons in India specializing in shoulder surgery and is believed to be secondary to the advancement in arthroscopic techniques and implants. However, there is a paucity of Indian literature on functional outcomes of ABR. The purpose of the current review is to better understand the functional outcomes of ABR in the Indian population. Methods: A search of major databases (Embase, Ovid Medline, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library) was performed in April 2020. Reference lists of selected research articles were further screened in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Inclusion and exclusion criteria for analysis were used to generate the final list of studies. Results: A total of ten research studies were included in the final analysis representing a pooled patient population set of 391 patients. The mean age for patients across the studies was 27 years (range: 24–29) of age and the average number of dislocations before surgery was five (range: 0–14). The average follow-up period post-surgery was 20 months (range: 6–27 months). Among the functional scores, the average UCLA score improved from 22 (range: 18–30) at preoperatively to 32 (range: 31–35), and the mean Rowe score improved from an average of 27 (range: 24–63) preoperatively to 91 (range: 90–94) during the follow up duration. The average postoperative re-dislocation rate was 7% (range: 0%–10%). Conclusion: In the Indian population, ABR provides consistently good functional outcomes with a low postoperative re-dislocation rate, which is at par with the global data. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups are needed to validate these results.

An Indian surgeon's perspective on management of asymptomatic gallstones.

Cholelithiasis is widely prevalent in India, with a majority of patients being asymptomatic while a small proportion experiencing mild complications. In the laparoscopic era, the rate of cholecystectomies has increased owing to early recovery and fewer complications. In asymptomatic patients, the risk of complications must be balanced against the treatment benefit. Recent guidelines suggest no prophylactic cholecystectomy in asymptomatic patients. We aimed to find out the Indian surgeons' perspective on asymptomatic gallstone management. A cross-sectional e-survey was conducted of practicing surgeons, onco-surgeons and gastrointestinal-surgeons in India. The survey had questions regarding their perspective on laparoscopic cholecystectomy and treatment modalities in asymptomatic gallstones. A total of 196 surgeons responded to the survey. Their mean age was 42.3 years. Overall, 111 (57%) respondents worked in the private sector. Most surgeons (164) agreed that the rate of cholecystectomy has increased since the advent of laparoscopy; 137 (70%) respondents agreed that they would not operate on patients without risk factors. Common bile duct stones, chronic hemolytic diseases, transplant recipients, and diabetes mellitus were the risk factors. Majority of the participants agreed on not performing a cholecystectomy in patients with asymptomatic gallstones. There exists a lack of consensus among Indian surgeons on asymptomatic gallstone management in India. Where the majority of cases are asymptomatic and do not require surgery, certain comorbidities can influence the line of treatment in individual patients. Currently, the treatment guidelines for asymptomatic patients need to be established as cholecystectomies may be overperformed due to the fear of development of complications.

CO-RELATION OF SUSHRUTOKTA NADI YANTRA AND MODERN SURGICAL INSTRUMENT: AN ANATOMICAL PERSPECTIVE

Ayurveda is the oldest medical system, and anatomy is one of the oldest modalities of the medical system. An-cient Indian scientists explored essential knowledge of practical anatomy. Neither in Sushruta nor in charak is there any indication of animal dissection; they perched about human dissection only, and the yantra used in it are also specially designed for human dissection only, which are now adapted by modern with different names. Dissection is the first milestone in the journey of being a doctor. Sushruta, the great sage surgeon, philosopher and teacher of ancient India, is renowned worldwide for his contribution to surgery. His conception of surgical instruments, description of quality, methods of manufacture and usage are unique, as there were no earlier com-prehensive descriptions of similar surgical instruments by any surgeon in India and the world. Sushruta was the first surgeon in the world to describe different types of surgical instruments, including endoscopes.

Tracing the barriers to decarbonising ophthalmology: A review.

As climate change demands increasingly urgent mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions, the health sector needs to do its part to decarbonise. Ophthalmologists share concerns about climate change and seek opportunities to reduce their environmental impact. When measuring the footprint of ophthalmology, major contributions are from patient travel to clinics, and from the large amounts of single-use disposable materials that are consumed during surgeries and sterile procedures. Ophthalmic services in India have already demonstrated systems that consume far fewer of these products through efficient throughput of patients and the safe reuse of many items, while maintaining equivalent safety and quality outcomes. Choosing these low-cost low-emission options would seem obvious, but many ophthalmologists experience barriers that prevent them operating as Indian surgeons do. Understanding these barriers to change is a crucial step in the decarbonisation of ophthalmology and the health sector more broadly.

Upcoming Medicolegal Challenges for a Practicing Surgeon in India

Upcoming Medicolegal Challenges for a Practicing Surgeon in India

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Radiation and its Hazards Among Orthopaedic Surgeons in India: A Questionnaire-Based Study.

Orthopaedic surgeons are among the most frequent users of radiation and are often exposed to X-Ray radiation regularly. There is an overall unsatisfactory level of knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding the same among surgeons. This study aimed to assess the practices among orthopaedic surgeons regarding radiation and its hazards in India. This questionnaire-based survey was conducted between March and September 2022. The questionnaire broadly assessed the knowledge, awareness, and practices among orthopaedic surgeons regularly exposed to X-ray radiation. The questionnaire consisted of objective and Likert scale questions which were distributed to the respondents electronically using publicly available contact information. A qualitative review of interpretations obtained from the responses and available evidence in the literature was then performed. The response rate for the survey was 36.4%. 65.9% reported using trunk protection all the time during procedures. 57.1% of respondents reported not using thyroid protection during procedures. 92.3% reported not using protective goggles and 100% did not use appropriate gloves. 76.9% were not issued dosimeters, and only 5.5% of those who had been issued one wore it during radiation procedures. 58.2% reported having a dedicated employee to operate the machine. 86.8% of respondents did not have formal training and 81.3% were not aware of institutes offering formal training. There is very high compliance with the use of protection aprons among the respondents however, the use of other apparel like thyroid shields, protection goggles and gloves was poor. The awareness regarding radiation exposure was also poor as most respondents were not issued dosimeters, however, those issued with one were well aware of their exposure. It is imperative to prioritize both surgeons' and patients' safety where radiation exposure is concerned.

Adoption of robotics in arthroplasty- a survey of perceptions, utilization and challenges with technology amongst Indian surgeons

IntroductionTotal joint replacement surgeries are standard procedures for managing end-stage hip or knee arthritis. Despite advances in technology, some patients experience dissatisfaction after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Robotic technology has evolved significantly and has shown promise in improving component positioning, alignment, and surgical outcomes. However, the widespread adoption of robotics in arthroplasty faces challenges such as high costs, a steep learning curve, and limited evidence on long-term outcomes. MethodsThis cross-sectional observational study used a structured self-administered online survey to assess the perceptions of Indian arthroplasty surgeons regarding robotic technology. The survey included questions about the surgeon's background, experience, perceptions of robotic joint replacement, and limiting factors for robotic usage. A total of 417 responses were collected from practising arthroplasty surgeons. ResultsMost participants(78.1 %) expressed a willingness to adopt robotics in their arthroplasty practice if the cost of installation was reduced. Robotic users were more convinced about the benefits of robotics, including improved alignment, reduced pain, faster rehabilitation, and better outcomes. High-volume robotic surgeons demonstrated a greater belief in the broader potential of robotics beyond implant positioning and alignment. The major barriers to adoption were the high cost of installation and limited insurance coverage for robotic-assisted procedures. Lack of formal robotic training opportunities, resistance from corporate management, patient acceptance issues, and limited published literature supporting robotic advantages were also cited as limiting factors. ConclusionRobotic technology is increasingly being adopted in India for TKA. The main obstacle to widespread adoption is the high cost of installation. As technology costs decrease, we can expect a rise in the number of installations across the country. Advocacy from national orthopaedic organizations may be needed to address insurance reimbursement challenges. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the perceptions and challenges associated with the adoption of robotic technology in arthroplasty in India.

CONCEPTUAL STUDY ON MANAGEMENT OF AGANTUJA VRANA

Sadhyovrana was defined by ancient Indian surgeons as Vrana that occurs instantly or unexpectedly as a result of an assault or damage executed by humans, animals, or weapons. The wound has been classified as Nija and Agantuja vrana. Agantuja vrana is considered a traumatic wound. Sadhyovrana is a condition characterized by intense pain as a result of Vataprakopa associated with severe bleeding. The control of bleeding and the restora-tion of lost blood is the primary objective in the management of traumatic injuries, whereas Tridosha siddhanta, the basic principle of Ayurvedic medicine, is meant to balance the affected Vata Dosha in association with Rak-tastambhana. Sadyovrana explained by Acharya Sushrutha are of 6 types namely Chinna, Bhinna, Viddha, Kshata, Picchitha and Ghrishta. Description of its management is present in Sushrutha Samhita, Astanga San-graha and Astanga Hridaya.

A Nationwide Survey to Assess the Practices and Patterns of Use of Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring During Thyroid Surgery Among Surgeons in India.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13193-023-01818-5.

Anatomy and Isometry of Coracoclavicular Ligaments: A Cadaveric Study

Purpose of the Study: Anatomical reconstruction of acromioclavicular joint require understanding the morphology of coracoclavicular ligament attachments. There are very few studies on morphology of coracoclavicular ligaments in the literature. There are no Indian studies looking at the morphology of these ligaments and racial differences have been identified in absolute measurements. We set out to study the morphology of coracoclavicular ligaments in Indian cadavers and define isometric points for tunnel placements during AC joint reconstructions. Methods: The current study was a cross sectional observation study on 30 cadaveric shoulders. The lateral half of clavicle was dissected from the cadaver and the footprints of the coracoclavicular attachment marked with marker and various anatomical parameters like morphology, distribution, and clavicular attachment sites of the trapezoid and conoid ligaments were measured once using a vernier caliper and a measuring scale. Results: The isometric point for trapezoid ligament is 16.3mm from lateral end of clavicle on anterior half of the clavicle whereas the isometric point for conoid ligament is 33.6 mm from lateral end of clavicle on the posterior half of the clavicle. Average distance between the two isometric points is 17.3 mm. Conclusion: The measurements in the Indian population corroborate with the measurements presented in the literature for the trapezoid and conoid components of the coracoclavicular ligaments. Our recommendations of isometric points for trapezoid and conoid tunnel preparation may help the Indian subcontinent surgeons perform anatomic reconstructions of the acromioclavicular joints in acute and chronic injuries.

Practices in the Management of Incidental Gallbladder Cancer.

Peeyush VarshneyBackground Histopathology of gallbladder removed for stones may reveal incidental gallbladder cancer (iGBC). We conducted this online e-survey to document the knowledge and practices of management of iGBC among surgeons in India. Methods A 38-question online e-survey Results Two-hundred thirty responses were recorded. Ninety-eight out of two-hundred (49%) responses were general surgeons. Two-hundred ten out of two-hundred twenty-one (95%) saw at least one iGBC per year, but only 74/225 (32%) correctly defined true iGBC. One-hundred seventy-eight out of two hundred twenty-two (80%) did computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging for thick-walled gallbladder (GB) detected on ultrasound, while 25/222 (11%) did laparoscopic cholecystectomy and 14/222 (6%) did open cholecystectomy. For GB mass on laparoscopy, 16/222 (7%) responses went ahead with simple cholecystectomy. Seventy-four out of two-hundred twenty-five (32%) responses routinely used bag while extracting GB. One-hundred ninety-one out of two-hundred twenty-five (86%) mentioned about stone/bile spill, 121/220 (55%) mentioned about use of bag for extraction while 137/220 62% mentioned port used for extraction of GB in operation notes. One-hundred sixty-six out of two-hundred twenty-seven (73%) always cut open GB after cholecystectomy. On encountering a mass/lesion on cut open GB, 111/225 (49%) sent it for frozen section, 89/225 (40%) sent for routine histopathology while 10% (22/225) directly proceeded for extended cholecystectomy. Ten out of two-hundred twenty-seven (4.4%) did not consider it important to send GB for histopathology. T stage on histopathology is most important factor for deciding reoperation by 205/223 (91%). Conclusion There are lacunae in understanding and deficiencies in management of iGBC in India-a high GBC incidence country. The situation is likely to be worse in low GBC incidence areas. There is need for more awareness and knowledge for proper management of iGBC among surgeons.

The Practice of Pancreatoduodenectomy in India: A Nation-Wide Survey.

Introduction The way pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is performed can vary a lot around the world, and there is no agreed-upon standard approach. To learn more about how PD is practised in India, a survey was conducted among Indian surgeons to gather information about their current practices. Methods A survey was created and shared with surgeons in India who practicepancreatic surgery. It had 33 questions that aimed to capture information about different aspects of PD practice. These questions covered topics such as the surgeons' education and experience, how they evaluated patients before surgery, what they considered during the operation, and how they managed patients after surgery. Results A total of 129 surgeons were sent the survey, and 110 of them completed it. The results showed that 40.9% of the surgeons had less than five years of experience, and 36.4% of them performed more than 15 PDs in a year. When deciding whether to perform preoperative biliary drainage, 60% of surgeons based their decision on the level of bilirubin in the patient's blood, while the rest considered other specific indications. The majority of surgeons (72.7%) looked at the trend of albumin levels to assess the patient's nutritional status before surgery. Venous infiltration was seen as a reason for neoadjuvant therapy by 76.4% of the participants, whereas 95.5% considered upfront surgery in cases of venous abutment. When it came to the type of PD, 40% preferred classical PD, 40.9% preferred pylorus-resecting PD (PRPD), and the rest chose pylorus-preserving PD (PPPD). Pancreatojejunostomy (PJ) was the preferred method for 77.3% of surgeons, while 6.3% preferred pancreatogastrostomy (PG). About 65.5% of surgeons used octreotide selectively during the operation when the duct diameter was small. Nearly all surgeons (94.5%) preferred to secure feeding access during PD, and all of them placed intraperitoneal drains. As for postoperative care, 37.3% of surgeons attempted early oral feeding within 48 hours, while 28.2% preferred to wait at least 48 hours before initiating oral feeds. Conclusions The survey revealed significant differences in how PD is practised among surgeons in India, highlighting the heterogeneity in their approaches and preferences.

A survey on oral surgeons to gauge their awareness and adoption of emerging technologies like 3D printing, computer-assisted surgery, and virtual reality in planning and performing surgeries

Abstract Background: This study investigates the awareness and adoption of emerging technologies, including 3D printing, computer-assisted surgery, and virtual reality (VR), among oral surgeons in India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 500 oral surgeons in India. The survey collected data on awareness, adoption, barriers, facilitators, and perceived benefits of these technologies. A stratified random sampling technique ensured representation across regions and healthcare institutions. Results: The survey found that a significant proportion of oral surgeons in India are aware of these emerging technologies (3D printing: 63.8%, computer-assisted surgery: 52.6%, VR: 44.3%). adoption rates were lower but still noteworthy (3D printing: 31.2%, computer-assisted surgery: 23.8%, VR: 19.6%). Cost and lack of training were identified as major barriers, while improved patient outcomes, enhanced precision, and access to training programs were key facilitators. The majority perceived these technologies as beneficial for patient care (improved outcomes: 84.9%, enhanced precision: 79.2%, overall quality: 73.6%). Conclusion: Oral surgeons in India demonstrate a high level of awareness and positive perceptions regarding emerging technologies, though adoption rates indicate room for growth. addressing cost and training barriers could lead to increased adoption, potentially enhancing patient care.

Preferred anastomosis following choledochal cyst excision: A cross-sectional survey among pediatric surgeons

Background: Choledochal cyst (CC) is a cystic dilatation of various parts of the biliary tract that requires surgical intervention. Excision of the CC with biliary enteric anastomosis is the standard line of treatment. There are two types of biliary enteric anastomosis, hepaticojejunostomy (HJ), and hepaticoduodenostomy (HD). However, there is no consensus among surgeons regarding the preferred anastomosis technique. Aims and Objectives: In this study, we conducted a survey among pediatric surgeons in India to determine their preferred anastomosis technique following CC excision. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among pediatric surgeons in India by circulating a Google™ form containing information about their demographics and their preferred choice of anastomosis in the Indian Association for Pediatric Surgeons Official Telegram™ group called “Pediatric Surgery Academics.” The survey was done in June and July 2019. Results: A total of 53 (9.96%) pediatric surgeons responded to the survey. Among them, 47 (88.7%) were male and 6 (11.3%) were female pediatric surgeons. The mean age of the surgeons was 46.21, and the mean number of cases operated by pediatric surgeons was 28.49. Experience-wise, 8 (15.1%) had &lt;5 years of experience, 14 (26.4%) had 5–10 years, 17 (32.1%) had 11–20 years, and 14 (26.4%) had more than 20 years of experience in pediatric surgery. In their practice, 32 (60.4%) had done both HJ and HD, 18 (34%) had done only HJ, and HD was done by 3 (5.7%) pediatric surgeons only. Pediatric surgeon’s preference of anastomosis was as follows, 27 (50.9%) inclined to HJ, 18 (34%) inclined to HD, and the remaining 8 (15.1%) inclined to both HJ and HD. Conclusion: This survey revealed that among pediatric surgeons in India, HJ is the preferred anastomosis technique following CC excision. However, further studies are required to determine the long-term outcomes of these techniques.