Surge In Diseases Research Articles

The Environmental Impact of Leprosy Market (Kasuwan Kuturu) on Health in Mubi Metropolis, Adamawa State, Nigeria.

This article explores the environmental impact of the Leprosy Market, known as Kasuwan Kuturu, on health in Mubi Metropolis, Adamawa State, Nigeria. The study utilizes a combination of primary and secondary data sources, employing structural questionnaires, field observations, oral interviews, and participant interactions. Two major types of environmental pollutants were considered to be the most predominant factors (air and noise pollution). Analytical methods involve descriptive statistical techniques. The findings revealed a complex interplay of positive and negative environmental effects stemming from the market's operations, including heightened air pollution, waste disposal challenges, land pollution, and a surge in diseases like diarrhea and cholera, as well as traffic congestion. In response to these issues, the article proposes recommendations for mitigating these impacts. Keywords: Environmental Impact, Leprosy market, health, Mubi Metropolis

Comprehending farmer's views on climate change and agricultural/livestock adaptation in Halavarthi Village, Koppala District, Karnataka: a case study

This study conducted in Halavarthi village, Karnataka, delves into the intricate impact of climate change on the community's livelihoods. Over two decades, the semi-arid region has witnessed erratic rainfall, rising temperatures and droughts, with profound consequences for agriculture, livestock and overall food security. The farmers in this area have grappled with numerous challenges, including water scarcity, diminishing water quality, crop losses, increased pest and disease outbreaks and the migration of plant species to new locations. These changes have also led to a weakened immunity in humans and a surge in diseases among both people and livestock. While the farmers have initiated some climate change adaptation measures, like crop rotation and intensifying the use of agricultural inputs, there remains a substantial gap in knowledge and awareness regarding climate change mitigation. This research underscores the pressing need to address the extensive repercussions of climate change on agriculture, food security and human health. It highlights the importance of developing comprehensive strategies to enhance the resilience of farming communities such as Halavarthi in the face of an evolving climate.

Biosurfactant-capped CuO nanoparticles coated cotton/polypropylene fabrics toward antimicrobial textile applications

The global COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in the importance of implementing effective measures to prevent the spread of microorganisms. Consequently, there is a growing demand for antimicrobial materials, specifically antimicrobial textiles and face masks, because of the surge in diseases caused by bacteria and viruses like SARS-CoV-2. Face masks that possess built-in antibacterial properties can rapidly deactivate microorganisms, enabling reuse and reducing the incidence of illnesses. Among the numerous types of inorganic nanomaterials, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) have been identified as cost-effective and highly efficient antimicrobial agents for inactivating microbes. Furthermore, biosurfactants have recently been recognized for their potential antimicrobial effects, in addition to inorganic nanoparticles. Therefore, this research’s primary focus is synthesizing biosurfactant-mediated CuO NPs, integrating them into natural and synthetic fabrics such as cotton and polypropylene and evaluating the resulting fabrics’ antimicrobial activity. Using rhamnolipid (RL) as a biosurfactant and employing a hydrothermal method with a pH range of 9–11, RL-capped CuO NPs are synthesized (RL-CuO NPs). To assess their effectiveness against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) microorganisms, the RL-CuO NPs are subjected to antibacterial testing. The RL-capped CuO NPs exhibited antimicrobial activity at much lower concentrations than the individual RL, CuO. RL-CuO NPs have shown a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.2 mg ml−1 and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 1.6 mg ml−1 for E. coli and a MIC of 0.8 mg ml−1 and a MBC of 1.2 mg ml−1 for S. aureus, respectively. Furthermore, the developed RL-CuO NPs are incorporated into cotton and polypropylene fabrics using a screen-printing technique. Subsequently, the antimicrobial activity of the coated fabrics is evaluated, revealing that RL-CuO NPs coated fabrics exhibited remarkable antibacterial properties against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Optimization of NaBiS2 nanoribbons for photocatalytic application

In this era of technological transformation, while technological advancements have certainly streamlined everyday tasks, they've also ushered in new challenges and threats to human well-being. The contamination of freshwater sources by waste and inadequate sanitation practices has led to a surge in diseases. Photocatalytic treatment has emerged as an effective solution, particularly for addressing emerging contaminants like dissolved organic compounds. We synthesized NaBiS2 using a straightforward coprecipitation method, yielding an orthorhombic crystal phase and nanoribbon morphology. Our analysis of its bonding structure through FTIR spectroscopy revealed the absence of binary functional groups. Notably, NaBiS2 possesses a bandgap of 1.56 eV, placing it within the visible spectrum. Hall measurements provided insights into its charge carrier properties, with holes being the dominant carriers, characterized by high mobility and concentration. When subjected to methylene blue, NaBiS2 exhibited exceptional degradation efficiency. The optimal composition, NBS-4, achieved an impressive 90 % degradation in just 15 min, with complete degradation achieved within 45 min. These findings underscore the significance of NaBiS2 in the realm of photovoltaics and suggest its potential advantages in related applications.

Veterinary medicine's increasing role in global health.

Veterinary medicine's increasing role in global health.

The ARM Network--a model for infectious disease surge response capacity in the Western Pacific Region.

training provided by FETPs equips graduates to respond to public health emergencies in the field, including establishing surveillance and investigating outbreaks of disease. The EIS and other FETPs have well-established networks of alumni that provide capacity for responding to public health disasters. In 1989, the Commonwealth Government of Australia funded two initiatives, the Communicable Diseases Network of Australia (which has an advisory and national communication and coordination function rather than an operational response function) and the National Centre of Epidemiology and Population Health (NCEPH) at ANU. Australia’s FETP based at the Australian National University (ANU) was established in 1991. The two-year research programme, based on the EIS model, leads to a Masters qualification in Applied Epidemiology (MAE). Historically, the MAE programme has provided surge capacity through FETP trainees for national and international infectious diseases outbreaks and emergencies, but with only around 20 trainees at any one time, the scope of this capacity is limited. Response to international events focuses on the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region where many countries do not have their own FETPs. The Western Pacific Region includes approximately 50% of the world’s population. The Region also has difficultto-access small island countries with populations spread over large distances. Some of these countries have

Molecular Pathways: Adipose Inflammation as a Mediator of Obesity-Associated Cancer

The increasing rate of obesity worldwide is predicted to be associated with a surge in diseases. Notably, obesity has been linked to approximately 20% of cancer cases in the United States; obesity is associated with both increased risk and worse outcomes after diagnosis. Altered levels of circulating factors are strongly implicated, including insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, leptin, adiponectin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In addition, increasing attention has focused on the consequences of local adipose inflammation. Inflammatory foci characterized by crown-like structures consisting of dead adipocytes encircled by macrophages occur in white adipose depots, including the breast tissue, of most overweight and obese women. Saturated fatty acids, released as a consequence of obesity-associated lipolysis, induce macrophage activation via Toll-like receptor 4, thereby stimulating NF-κB signaling. This, in turn, activates transcription of proinflammatory genes including COX-2, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα. Elevated levels of proinflammatory mediators cause both local and systemic effects. Of particular relevance with regard to breast cancer is increased transcription of the CYP19 gene encoding aromatase, the rate-limiting enzyme for estrogen synthesis. Notably, this obesity-inflammation-aromatase axis provides a plausible explanation for increased rates of postmenopausal, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer associated with obesity and hence may offer targets for interventions to attenuate risk or improve prognosis. Potential approaches include weight reduction, exercise, and suppression of obesity-driven signaling pathways using pharmaceutical or dietary agents. A key future goal is to identify biomarkers that accurately report adipose inflammation, both for identification of at-risk individuals and to assess the efficacy of interventions. Clin Cancer Res; 19(22); 6074-83. ©2013 AACR.