Material Surface Research Articles

Magnetic PDMS@SiO2/Fe3O4 Composite Friction Layer Material for Enhanced Friction Nanogenerator Output Performance

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) have exhibited remarkable potential in harnessing stochastic low-frequency mechanical energy from oceanic surfaces, attributed to their versatile architectures and capability for extensive deployment. Nonetheless, the relatively modest power output per unit area remains a critical limitation impeding the advancement of TENG technology. Consequently, the innovation of novel material systems and devices to augment the output performance and efficiency of TENG is paramount in achieving effective ocean energy exploitation. In our study, a vertical contact PC-TENG was utilized as an energy harvester, with the incorporation of magnetic nano-oxide particles to bolster the output efficiency of TENG. This investigation represents the inaugural application of SiO2 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles within PDMS negative friction layers. This strategy augments the specific surface area, thereby improving the contact between the friction materials and enhancing charge transfer efficiency. Moreover, the magnetic properties of Fe3O4 facilitate charge separation on the material's surface, culminating in an elevated voltage output. Comprehensive characterizations were conducted using SEM, FTIR, electrometer, and contact angle meter, while simulations were corroborated with COMSOL Multiphysics field simulation software. The output performance witnessed optimization through the incorporation of Fe3O4, culminating in a peak open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 85.1212 V, a maximum short-circuits current (ISC) of 8.4037 μA, and a maximum transferred charge (QSC) of 0.5638 nC, reflecting enhancements of 28%, 32%, and 27%, respectively, compared to conventional PDMS materials. The peak output power, achieved with an impedance match of 55 MΩ, was recorded at 19.03 mW, marking a 70.8% improvement in output performance. The findings revealed that the contact angle of PDMS@SiO2/Fe3O4 composites reached 100.092°, enhancing hydrophobicity by 8% relative to traditional PDMS materials, thereby rendering it more suitable for humid environments. COMSOL Multiphysics field simulation results further substantiated the viability of the PDMS@SiO2/Fe3O4 composite friction layer material for applications in oceanic wave environments. Ultimately, a rectifier bridge was introduced to convert the alternating current generated by the PC-TENG into direct current. This research offers a novel paradigm for the utilization of TENG in the realm of marine energy.

COMPUTER SIMULATION OF ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTING PROPERTIES OF MATERIAL FOR PERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT

The article presents an analysis of production factors that have a harmful effect on the health of workers. It has been established that one of the leading factors is an increased electrostatic field that occurs when a static charge accumulates on the surface of materials. An increased level of the electrostatic field can lead to various negative consequences for workers’ health. For full antistatic protection at work, not only special tools and workplaces are needed, but also special footwear made of conductive materials with high surface resistance, as well as other personal protective equipment. A computer model for simulating the occurrence and development of an electrical breakdown in a protective material for personal protective equipment is described. The model is based on energy concepts of the occurrence and development of a discharge, taking into account the statistical heterogeneity of the material’s electrical conductivity. The process of breakdown development is considered as a special case of the percolation effect and a branching random process. The model makes it possible to find a relationship between the heterogeneity of the material and the threshold of its protective properties.

Physics-Informed Neural Networks-Based Online Excavation Trajectory Planning for Unmanned Excavator

As a large-scale mining excavator, the electric shovel (ES) has been extensively employed in open-pit mines for overburden removal and mineral loading. In the development of unmanned operations for ES, dynamic excavation trajectory planning is essential, as it directly influences operational efficiency and energy consumption by guiding the dipper during excavation. However, conventional optimization-based methods for excavation trajectory planning typically start from scratch, resulting in a time-consuming process that fails to meet real-time requirements. To address this challenge, we propose an innovative online trajectory planning framework based on physics-informed neural networks (PINNOTP) that utilizes advanced data-driven techniques. The input to PINNOTP consists of on-site working conditions, including the initial state of the ES and the material surface being excavated. The output is a smooth, polynomial-based curve that serves as the reference trajectory for the dipper. To ensure smooth execution of the generated trajectory, prior domain knowledge—such as physics-based target-oriented constraints, essential system dynamics, and mechanical constraints—is explicitly incorporated into the loss function during training. A case study is presented to validate the proposed method, demonstrating that PINNOTP effectively addresses the challenges of online excavation trajectory planning.

Hybrid poly(lactide-co-glycolide) membranes incorporated with doxycycline-loaded copper-based metal-organic nanosheets as antibacterial platforms

Abstract The rise of antimicrobial resistance necessitates innovative strategies to combat persistent infections. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have attracted significant attention as antibiotic carriers due to their high drug loading capacity and structural adaptability. In particular, 2D MOF nanosheets are emerging as a notable alternative to their traditional 3D relatives due to their remarkable advantages in enhanced surface area, flexibility and exposed active region properties. Herein, we synthesized 2D Copper 1,4-benzendicarboxylate (CuBDC) nanosheets and utilized them as a carrier and controlled release system for Doxycycline (Doxy@CuBDC), for the first time. The Doxy@CuBDC nanosheets were subsequently incorporated into poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) electrospun membranes (Doxy@CuBDC/PLGA). The resultant bioactive fibrous membranes exhibited double-barrier controlled release properties, extending the Doxy release up to ∼9 days at pH 7.4 and 5.5. Significant inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were observed. The morphological analyses revealed the deformed bacterial cell structures on Doxy@CuBDC/PLGA membranes that indicates potent bactericidal activity. Furthermore, cytotoxicity assays demonstrated the non-toxic nature of the fabricated membranes, underscoring their potential use for biomedical applications. Overall, the hybrid antibacterial PLGA membranes present a promising strategy for combating microbial infections while maintaining biocompatibility and offer a versatile approach for biomedical material design and surface coatings (e.g., wound dressings, implants).

In vitro plaque formation model to unravel biofilm formation dynamics on implant abutment surfaces

ABSTRACT Background Biofilm formation on implant-abutment surfaces can cause inflammatory reactions. Ethical concerns often limit intraoral testing, necessitating preliminary in vitro or animal studies. Here, we propose an in vitro model using human saliva and hypothesize that this model has the potential to closely mimic the dynamics of biofilm formation on implant-abutment material surfaces in vivo. Methods A saliva stock was mixed with modified Brain-Heart-Infusion medium to form biofilms on Titanium-Aluminum-Vanadium (Ti6Al4V) and Yttria-partially Stabilized Zirconia (Y-TZP) discs in 24-well plates. Biofilm analyses included crystal violet staining, intact cell quantification with BactoBox, 16S rRNA gene analysis, and short-chain fatty acids measurement. As a control, discs were worn in maxillary splints by four subjects for four days to induce in vivo biofilm formation. Results After four days, biofilms fully covered Ti6Al4V and Y-TZP discs both in vivo and in vitro, with similar cell viability. There was a 60.31% overlap of genera between in vitro and in vivo biofilms in the early stages, and 41% in the late stages. Ten key oral bacteria, including Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Neisseria, Veillonella, and Porphyromonas, were still detectable in vitro, representing the common stages of oral biofilm formation. Conclusion This in vitro model effectively simulates oral conditions and provides valuable insights into biofilm dynamics.

Graphene‐Induced Surface Softening and Nanostructure Evolution of Platinum Foils

While it has been previously accepted that graphene growth on metal films by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) protects the surfaces by stiffening and hardening, in this study, an unusual opposite effect is reported. Herein, we use nanoindentation to study the mechaniported. Herein, we use nanoindentation to study the mechanical behavior of graphene‐covered platinum foils. Two graphene growth recipes using undiluted and diluted methane flow are studied, aiming to achieve a bulk or a surface‐mediated graphene growth mechanism, respectively. Contrary to previous reports, a 17% decrease is observed in the elastic modulus of the Pt surfaces when covered by graphene compared to graphene‐free regions for both recipes, when using the real indentation contact area extracted via atomic force microscopy (AFM) for the estimation. By performing cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM), subsurface multilayers responsible for the decrease in stiffness are revealed and these observations and the mechanism of layer formation are explained. Hence, in this study, it is highlighted that surface stiffening of metals by graphene CVD has exceptions, especially in the case of metals with high carbon solubility. Moreover, in this study, approaches for combining cross‐sectional TEM, topological scans from AFM, and raw load–displacement data from nanoindentation to provide a complete, multiscale elucidation of the mechanical behavior of a material surface are described.

Study on the Damage Mechanism of an H62-Cu/7075-Al Tribo-Pair Under the Influences of Current Direction and Density

In the present study, we used 7075 Al-H62 Cu and H62 Cu-7075 Al pairs to study the effects of current density and direction on their tribological properties and on the damage caused by the current-carrying friction and wear. We found that, when the current density increased from 0 A/mm2 to 79.61 A/mm2, the coefficients of friction for both pairs decreased. Results obtained after wear indicate that the current direction influences the electromigration between the two tracks, leading to different kinds of damage on the worn surface. In the case of the 7075 Al-H62 Cu pair, damage mainly involved mechanical wear at low current densities. As the current density increased, electro-erosion damage gradually became more dominant. Under the action of a large electric arc, the material surface was severely eroded, and a dense oxide film formed on the material contact surface, ultimately leading to the failure of electrical conduction between the materials. In the case of the H62 Cu-7075 Al pair, damage mainly involved mechanical wear. A layer of copper film was found on the surface of the worn aluminum pin, which caused its mass to be greater than it was before wear.

Experimental investigation on optimizing wire-cut EDM process parameters of hybrid MMC(AA7475/ZrO2/Gr) using artificial neural network

Abstract Wire cut Electrical discharge machining (WCEDM) is a widely used method for machining complex shapes in advanced materials like metal matrix composites (MMCs) and hybrid metal matrix composites (HMMCs). To address these challenges, this study focusses on the wire-cut EDM (WCEDM) process of a workpiece made from zirconium dioxide and graphite-reinforced aluminium alloy 7475 with a molybdenum electrode. The effects of input process variables such as peak current (IP), pulse-on-time (TON), and flushing pressure (PF) on the output response features are investigated. These output responses include material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (SR), and wire wear ratio (WWR). To optimise the process parameters, the Taguchi design technique is used. An artificial neural network (ANN) with a feed-forward back propagation architecture is utilised to find the best fit for the optimisation challenges. ANN predicted the results with an accuracy of 97.81% for MRR, 97.95% for SR and 95.865% for WWR. The results reveal that the WCEDM of AA7475/ZrO2/Gr with a molybdenum electrode achieved minimal WWR and SR, while maximizing the MRR.

Hybrid Particle Size Template Method for Controllable Synthesis of Nitrogen-doped Multilevel Porous Carbon as High-rate Zn-ion Hybrid Supercapacitor Cathode Materials.

Achieving high rate performance without compromising energy density has always been a critical objective for zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs). The pore structure and surface properties of carbon cathode materials play a crucial role. We propose utilizing a hybrid particle size (20 and 40 nm) magnesium oxide templates to regulate the pore structure of nitrogen-doped porous carbon derived from the soybean isolate. The multilevel pore structure enhanced ion transport efficiency while also improving the utilization of micropores. Nitrogen doping and oxygen-containing functional groups enhanced the wettability of carbon materials with aqueous electrolytes and facilitated the chemisorption of Zn2+ on the carbon material surface. The nitrogen-doped multilevel porous carbon material (HT-NMPC-1/1) prepared with a 1:1 mass ratio of the two templates exhibited a specific capacity of 146.65 mAh g-1 at 0.2 A g-1. Moreover, the Swagelok cells assembled with HT-NMPC-1/1 and Zn foil achieved a high energy density of 121.5 W h kg-1, high power output of 166 W kg-1, and 93.09% capacity retention after 8000 cycles at 2 A g-1. Therefore, HT-NMPC-1/1 is a highly promising candidate for ZHSCs cathode materials. Furthermore, the novel pore regulation strategy and straightforward preparation method offer valuable reference points for other porous carbon-based functional materials.

Synthesis and mechanism of Mg/Al layered double oxides-silica nanocomposites for sustainable multi-nutrient delivery in agricultural applications

Potassium (K), urea (N), phosphate (P), and selenite (Se) are widely used in modern agriculture for improvement of crop yield and quality. However, traditional fertilizer suffers from poor fertilizer utilization efficiency and noncontrollable slow-release behavior. To improve nutrient utilization, we developed a layered double oxides-silica (LDO@Si) based on calcined Mg/Al layered double hydroxide-silica nanocomposites (LDH@Si), for slow release of K, N, P, and Se to crops. In this study, SEM, XRD, FT-IR, XPS, BET, and TGA were employed to analyze the structure, morphology, and microstructures of the samples. Results show that LDH@Si successfully transforms into LDO@Si after calcination, where LDO is mainly connected to silica via M-O-Si bonds. Furthermore, after K, P, and Se loading, the LDH@Si structure was successfully restored, indicating that phosphate and selenite ions have been effectively embedded in the inner layer of LDH. K ions are firmly fixed to the material surface via M-O-K bonds. After urea introducing, the pore structure of the material was completely filled, and excess urea formed a urea layer on the surface of the material. LDO@Si can continuously release nutrients into water through diffusion and LDO@Si dissolution for up to 240 h. Compared with chemical fertilizers, LDO@Si based slow-release fertilizer (CRSF2) significantly improves plant fresh weight, dry weight and chlorophyll content, increasing them by 13.91 %–23.13 %, 18.20 %–34.40 % and 2.24 %–14.81 %, respectively. Furthermore, a modest increase in the levels of nutrients N, P, and K is observed, while the Se concentration in plants treated with CRSF2 demonstrates significant enhancements of 9.57 %, 72.49 %, and 50.97 % compared to control treatments. These results illustrate the potential agricultural application of LDO@Si as a slow-release fertilizer for improving crop yields while minimizing the required amount of fertilizer.

The Anti/Deicing Performance of the Low Interfacial Toughness Coating Is Enhanced: Induced Ice Crack Generation and Its Extension.

The low interfacial toughness of the material surface is important for crack initiation and expansion of the ice layer as it remains an effective method for large-scale deicing. However, there are challenges, such as a large critical icing size and incomplete shedding of the ice layer. Adjusting the interfacial forces to make the ice more prone to cracking, expanding, and shedding is advantageous in addressing the problem of anti-icing failure in materials with low interfacial toughness. Therefore, we propose a deicing strategy that combines porous PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) coatings with low interfacial toughness and piezoelectric vibration. A series of hydrophobic porous PDMS coatings with different porosities were prepared on the surface of an aluminum alloy substrate through curing and phase separation. The elastic modulus of the coatings decreased from 1465 to 509 kPa as the coating porosity increased, revealing the mechanism behind the improvement in mechanical properties. The key to promoting ice fracture on porous PDMS coatings lies in the synergistic effect of the out-of-plane shear stress and microcracks at the solid-ice interface. This work focuses on exploring the characteristics of interfacial forces by combining the intrinsic mechanical properties of coatings with external forces, providing new insights for designing low interfacial toughness anti-icing materials.

Analytical Solutions of PBTK Models for Evaluating the Impact of Surface Diffusion Characteristics on the Leaching Profile of Implant Bioproducts

Toxicokinetic or pharmacokinetic models, physiologically based or not, offer a unique avenue to understand the transport of toxins or pharmaceuticals in living organisms. The availability of analytical solutions to such models offers the means to engage in a plethora of applications. In the present work, we provide the framework to solve analytically such models using the matrix exponential, and we then apply this method to derive an explicit solution to four-to-five-compartment physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) models considering a single- and an infinite-exponential expression for the amount of mass released from an implantable device. We also offer the conditions that need to be met for analytical solutions to be obtained when the kinetic rates are time-dependent functions. Our analysis compares the computation time between analytical and numerical solutions and characterizes the dependency of the maximum substance mass value and the time it occurs in the various tissue compartments from the material surface diffusion characteristics. Our analytical solutions, which have several advantages over the solutions obtained using numerical solvers, can be incorporated into in silico tools and provide valuable information for human health risk assessment.

Coupling design features of material surface treatment for ceramic products based on ResNet

Abstract Ceramic products is one of the important carriers of various civilizations, reflecting the lifestyle, aesthetic concepts, and technological level of society at that time. In order to study the surface treatment design features of ceramic craft products, this article analyzed the ceramic features through computer vision technology and used residual neural networks to detect the surface treatment features of ceramic craft products. The extracted texture features were classified to study and analyze the coupling features of different glazes, colors, and shapes on the formation of different textures. This study used ResNeXt50-SSD, which combined ResNeXt50 and SSD (Single Shot MultiBox Detector) algorithms, to compare feature detection with LeNet-5, VGG-16, and MobileNetV2 network models. From the experimental findings, it can be concluded that ResNeXt50-SSD was the most effective for feature recognition of ceramic craft products, with precision, recall, and mAP of 94.3, 92.1, and 89.5%, respectively. Therefore, the combination of ResNeXt50 and SSD algorithms is an effective method for detecting surface treatment features of ceramic craft products.

New-Concept Metal-Based Artificial SEI Film of Polyimide Anode Material in Dual-Ion Batteries.

Organic material polyimides (PI) are widely used in secondary batteries due to green safety, renewables, and structural designability. However, problems such as low conductivity and structural damage of polyimide electrode materials seriously limit its practical application. Herein, an innovative in situ modification method with CaCl2 is used to construct pure Al metal-based artificial SEI film on the surface of PI to improve the electrochemical performance of organic dual-ion batteries. Compared with the pure PI material, it has a noticeable improvement in cycle performance. Importantly, characterization results of the physicochemical analysis show that the pure Al metal-based artificial SEI film formed in situ on the surface of the PI material plays a key role in isolating and improving the electrochemical performance of PI anode materials. The innovative approach offers an efficacious strategy to construct pure metal-based artificial SEI films for the practical implementation of organic batteries.

Sanding Performance and Wear Mechanism of Precision-Shaped Abrasive Belts for Medium-Density Fiberboard

Sanding in medium-density fiberboard (MDF) often encounters unstable quality and premature failure, primarily because there is currently no abrasive belt specifically suitable for MDF sanding characteristics. We designed two precision-shaped abrasive belts (PSAs) for MDF and herein report on the characteristics. The material removal process for PSA was divided into three phases; the most stable, phase II, represents the effective working period. Compared to the contrast accumulated abrasive belt, PSAs achieve 16.12 and 11.10 times higher surface quality based on the mean value of roughness parameter Sa, achieving 1.34- and 2.0-, and 15.61- and 8.54-times-higher stability in material removal and surface quality based on the mean deviation. Wear patterns on PSAs include large abrasive wear, micro-abrasive fall-off, fracture, and wear, avoiding premature failure due to blockage and promoting long-term and efficient sanding. The uniform shape, height, and distribution of particles in PSAs results in excellent sanding performance. This study provides the foundation for further research on sanding mechanisms and PSA design for MDF.

The Influence of the Ratio of Circumference to Cross-Sectional Area of Tensile Bars on the Fatigue Life of Additive Manufactured AISI 316L Steel

The static and dynamic loading capacities of components depend on the stress level to which the material is exposed. The fatigue behavior of materials manufactured using additive technology is accompanied by a pronounced scatter between the number of cycles at the same stress level, which is significantly greater than the scatter from a material with the same chemical composition, e.g., AISI 316L, but produced by rolling or forging. An important reason lies in the fact that fatigue cracks are initiated almost always below the material surface of the loaded specimen. Thus, in the article, assuming that a crack will always initiate below the surface, we analyzed the fatigue behavior of specimens with the same bearing cross section but with a different number of bearing rods. With a larger number of rods, the circumference around the supporting part of the rods was 1.73 times larger. Thus, experimental fatigue of specimens with different sizes showed that the dynamic loading capacity of components with a smaller number of bars is significantly greater and can be monitored by individual stress levels. Although there are no significant differences in loading capacity under static and low-cycle loading of materials manufactured with additive technologies, in high-cycle fatigue it has been shown that the ratio between the circumference and the loading cross section of tensile-loaded rods plays an important role in the lifetime. This finding is important for setting a strategy for manufacturing components with additive technologies. It shows that a better dynamic loading capacity can be obtained with a larger loading cross section.

One Century of Evolution of Surface Science, a personal perspective

Compared to the bulk, surfaces of materials usually exhibit unique chemical, structural and electronic properties due to their distinct interactions with the external phase, such as vacuum, gas, liquid or another solid. Breakthroughs in this field are typically driven by significant instrumental development. In this review we will highlight a few developments in surface science in the last 40 years, as well as the discoveries they brought to the scientific and engineering communities. These findings, together with relevant technical developments, enable a deeper understanding of phenomena critical to catalysis, energy conversion, and nanotechnology.

Preparation and characterization of a novel active sediment capping material (geopolymer) for inhibiting phosphate releasing from sediment

In situ remediation of sediment can effectively control the release of phosphate in sediment and improve water eutrophication. The essential question of this remediation techniques lies in the development of stable, high-efficiency, low-cost and easily available active sediment capping materials. This study synthesised a novel sediment capping material using bulk solid waste, and phosphate inhibition mechanism of the materials was explored. Results indicated that GSCM was prepared under the conditions of NaOH concentration of 3M, hydrothermal temperature of 160℃, hydrothermal time of 36h and the mass ratio of 40wt.% SS to 60wt.% FA. The result of batch adsorption and compressive strength test suggested that phosphate adsorption capacity and compressive strength of GSCM were 2.15mg/g and 24.20MPa, respectively. The characterization result showed that GSCM was composed of sodium zeolite, riversideite, grossular and fayalite, exhibiting a uniformly distributed slit mesoporous structure. The in-situ inhibition efficiency of GSCM to P ranged from 76.65% to 86.72%, exceeding that of commercial zeolite. The in-situ inhibition mechanism was controlled by sodium zeolite and riversideite, and concluded by the following:1) Substitution between [SiO4] tetrahedra (within the sodium zeolite structure), -OH (on the surface of materials) and [PO4], 2) Coordination of [PO4] tetrahedra with Al active site within the sodium zeolite structure, 3) Precipitation reaction between phosphate and slow-release of Ca2+ from the riversideite.

Production of Cost-effective Green Energy using Mn/Gd Co-substituted Cobalt Ferrites Hydroelectric Cells and their Oxygen Evolution Reaction

A thorough investigation into hydroelectric cells (HECs) composed of spinel ferrites, aiming to generate environmentally friendly electricity through the dissociation of water molecules into H3O+ and OH- ions without producing any harmful by-products has been reported. Utilizing a modified sol-gel auto-combustion synthesis method, we synthesized highly porous Mn2+/Gd3+ co-substituted cobalt ferrites (CFO) with the formula) [Co1-xMnxFe2-yGdyO4, 0≤x≤0.30 and y = 0.10]. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a singular-phase cubic structure, while Rietveld refinement provided essential parameters such as crystallite size, lattice constant, density, porosity percentage, and unit-cell volume. Morphological examination using Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images confirmed nanoparticle formation with an average size of 60.418nm, with porosity increasing from 30% to 51% with Mn2+ ion doping, indicating enhanced water adsorption. XPS analysis highlighted increased lattice defects due to Mn/Gd co-substitution, boosting water adsorption capacity. Vibrating Sample Measurements showed a rise in Ms value with increasing Mn2+ concentration. Fabricated HECs delivered a maximum output current density of 13.906mA/cm2, with 20% Mn-substituted gadolinium cobalt ferrites-based HEC achieving a peak short-circuit current of 9.16mA. These cells exhibited pseudo-capacitive behaviour, characterized by rapid and reversible faradaic reactions near electrode surfaces, while ionic diffusion mechanisms confirmed ion diffusion over the material's surface. Co1-xMnxGd0.1Fe1.9O4 (x = 0.20) is the optimal composition to get best OER performance having an overpotential of 342mV at 10mA/cm2 with a Tafel slope of 48mV/dec in alkaline medium. This study underscores the potential of Mn2+/Gd3+ co-substituted cobalt ferrite as a promising alternative in green energy conversion applications, potentially replacing conventional fuel and solar cells. It has been concluded that the x = 0.20 is the composition that exhibits the best OER as well as HEC performance.

Rapid carbonate precipitation induced by carbamate coating: A new approach to form impermeable thin barrier and its mechanism

Various coating strategies have been explored in the past to prevent the ingress of aggressive substances into concrete. However, either the durability or performance is still far from satisfaction. Here, carbamate solutions were prepared by pre-absorbing CO2 into amino acid salts (AASs) to carbonize the surface of cementitious materials. The high concentration of carbonate ions provided by the carbamate induced rapid surface carbonation, resulting in the formation of an AAS-CaCO3 composite barrier with a thickness of 2–3 μm and possessing high micromechanical properties. Additionally, it was observed that the barrier's effectiveness depends on the molecular structures of the amino acids employed. Coatings formed by arginine-based carbamates demonstrated excellent performances, likely due to the highly compacted calcite particles they produced. This easy-to-operate and effective strategy has the potential to open new avenues for the development of highly durable and impermeable coating barriers for practical applications.