Surface Tension Of Ink Research Articles

Preparation and characterization of starch-based binders for binder jetting.

In recent years, binder jetting technology has made significant advances across industries, expanding the range of material options to meet diverse needs. Commonly used binders may leave residues during the sintering process, affecting surface quality and performance, and some may contain harmful substances. Therefore, there is a high demand for binders that are environmentally friendly and easy to remove. This study proposes to use sodium alginate and polyvinylpyrrolidone as additives to prepare starch-based inks that are both environmentally friendly and safe. The effects of additive composition, starch content, dispersant content, and dispersant ratio on the viscosity and stability of starch-based inks were studied. Through performance testing, the particle size, surface tension, rheological properties, and printability of inks with different components were demonstrated. The optimal ink formulation consists of 1 wt% starch and 0.3 wt% additives (30 wt% sodium alginate and 70 wt% PVP). The viscosity reaches 23 mPa s and the stability is excellent. The surface tension of the ink is 69.5 mN m-1, which is slightly higher than the surface tension requirements for the printhead. This article provides a new process route for binder jetting technology and lays the foundation for its application in green and environmental protection.

Influence of Ink Properties on the Morphology of Long-Wave Infrared HgSe Quantum Dot Films.

As the core device of the miniature quantum dot (QD) spectrometer, the morphology control of the filter film array cannot be ignored. We eliminated strong interference from additives on the spectrum of a long-wave infrared (LWIR) QD filter film by selecting volatile additives. This work is significant for detecting targets by spectroscopic methods. In this work, a filter film with characteristic spectral bands located in the LWIR was obtained by the natural evaporation of QD ink, which was prepared by mixing various volatile organic solvents with HgSe QD–toluene solution. The factors affecting the morphology of HgSe LWIR films, including ink surface tension, particle size, and solute volume fraction, were the main focus of the analysis. The experimental results suggested that the film slipped in the evaporation process, and the multilayer annular deposition formed when the surface tension of the ink was no more than 24.86 mN/m. The “coffee ring” and the multilayer annular deposition essentially disappeared when the solute particles were larger than 188.11 nm. QDs in the film were accumulated, and a “gully” morphology appeared when the solute volume fraction was greater than 0.1. In addition, both the increase rate of the film height and the decrease rate of the transmission slowed down. The relationship between film height and transmission was obtained by fitting, and the curve conformed to the Lambert–Beer law. Therefore, a uniform and flat film without “coffee rings” can be prepared by adjusting the surface tension, particle size, and volume fraction. This method could provide an empirical method for the preparation of LWIR QD filter film arrays.

54.2: Preparation of inkjet printing organic light‐emitting diode by optimizing the formation of flat film

In inkjet printing of organic light‐emitting diode (OLED), the formation of homogeneous film is a critical step to realize highperformance device architecture that is comparable with thermal vaporation‐based device, which is essential for OLED application. Inkjet printing (IJP) is followed by vacuum drying and subsequent annealing. By optimizing ink parameters as well as drying and annealing conditions, the flat and homogeneous film can be obtained. The viscosity, surface tension of ink and its wetting behavior of ink on the previous layer impact the quality of film. We have successfully prepared OLED employing successive fabrication of printing and evaporation.

Effect of Polyol Molecular Structure on Fluidity, Surface Tension, and Printed Pattern Sharpness of Disperse Dye Inks.

In the present study, density functional theory (DFT) has been used in simulating and calculating the molecular geometries of differently structured polyols (within a water phase), as well as the weak interactions between these polyols and the water molecules. Furthermore, low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) has been used in studying the transverse relaxation times of different polyols, in addition to their (20.00 wt %) fluidity in an aqueous environment. Moreover, the influence of polyols, with different molecular structures, on the ink fluidity, was also explored. A bubble pressure tensiometer was also used to characterize the surface tension of the aqueous polyol (20.00 wt %) solution, the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, 0.50 wt %) solution, and the ink. This was made to clarify the influence of polyol and SDS on the surface tension of ink. In addition, the particle size, zeta potential, pH value, viscosity, and rheological properties of the ink, were also investigated. The resulting data showed that polyols have certain effects on the particle size, stability, and viscosity of the ink. The jetting performances of different polyol inks were, under certain conditions of the inkjet drive waveform, also explored. The results showed that the fluidity, viscosity, and surface tension of the ink will render a certain influence on the inkjet performances. The prepared polyol ink was thereafter used for polyester fabric printing, and the contour sharpness and color fastness of the printed fabric were accordingly evaluated. The data showed that the increase in ink viscosity, and decrease in fluidity, promote the improvement in contour sharpness. In addition, the printed fabric demonstrated an excellent color fastness.

Influences on spreading of Inkjet inks on coated cardboards

Well-known models to explain the interaction between liquids and surfaces include parameters as fluid viscosity, surface tension and density. About the surface, the properties as porosity and roughness, and surface energy are relevant. Regarding Inkjet printing this interaction can be influenced also by ink injection parameters. Several studies were published in the last years using these models to analyze different substrates for Inkjet as plain and Inkjet papers. The experiments here focused on this interaction but between Inkjet inks and coated cardboards. The main findings are related to an opposite ink spreading speed of pigment and dye inks with increasing of ink surface tension and viscosity. It was also demonstrated a high correlation between spreading speed and total surface energy of the cardboards.

P‐89: Ink Formulation and Film Photo‐Stability of Quantum Dot Color Converters for MicroLED Applications

Both solvent‐based and solvent‐free quantum dots (QDs) polymer nanocomposites were considered for the color converter applications on microLEDs. In the case of patterning QD converters based on inkjet printing, the viscosity and surface tension of inks are required to be less than 12 cps and less than 33 dyne/cm, respectively. The QD color conversion layers (QDCCLs) with thickness of < 10 μm, optical density (OD) of > 1.5, and the light conversion efficiency (LCE) of >60% from both types of inks are practicable on the basis of polymer formulation. The photostability of the QDCCLs were investigated under blue LED lights of power density of 1, 5, and 15 W/cm2. The corresponding ink processability and converter films reliability and optical performance are described and discussed in this paper.

Transparent triboelectric sensor arrays using gravure printed silver nanowire electrodes

Transparent triboelectric sensor arrays are simply fabricated by gravure printing silver nanowires on fluorinated ethylene propylene film as electrodes. The sheet resistances of silver nanowire can be controllably adjusted via printing parameters and ink surface tension. Printed electrodes on the same film can collect triboelectric induced signals independently without mutual interference. Self-powered signals with about 55 V voltage can be obtained with a 2.3 MΩ sq−1 and 96.9% transparency electrode. The results indicate that the coverage of silver nanowires plays a key role to the sensor signal voltage. This work opens up the method of easily fabricated transparent triboelectric sensor with patterned electrodes.

Preparation of Graphene Oxide-Based Ink for Inkjet Printing.

Fabrication of graphene-based conductive circuits via inkjet printing processes would be very significant, but preparation of graphene inks which can be used in ordinary household inkjet printer is still a challenge. Graphene oxide (GO) is an important graphene derivative with good dispersion properties in water, because it has a lot of oxygen-containing functional groups. In this paper, the relationship between the concentration of GO and the viscosity and surface tension of its dispersion were studied first, GO were prepared by modified Hummers' method. Moreover, the influence of two surfactants-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Triton-X100 (TX-100) on viscosity and surface tension of inks were also investigated. It was found that the concentration of GO was 3.9 mg/mL, and the amount of the addition of SDS and TX-100 were 1 mg/mL and 2.5 mg/mL respectively, which can form stable GO-based inks. Finally, the resultant GO-based inks can be printed by home inkjet printer HP-1010 on normal printing paper, flexible polyimide film and thin aluminum foil. It is expected that the development of inkjet printable GO-based inks will decrease the cost of the preparation of graphene electrode/circuits and open up new ways for the application of GO-based thin film and patterns.

Inkjet printing of polyvinyl alcohol multilayers for additive manufacturing applications

ABSTRACTHere we demonstrate that inkjet printing technology is capable of producing polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) multilayer structures. PVOH water‐based inks were formulated with the addition of additives such as humectant and pigments. The intrinsic properties of the inks, such as surface tension, rheological behavior, pH, wetting, and time stability were investigated. The ink's surface tension was in the range 30–40 mN/m. All formulated inks displayed a pseudoplastic (non‐Newtonian shear thinning and thixotropic) behavior at low‐shear rates and a Newtonian behavior at high‐shear rates; were neutral solutions (pH7) and demonstrated a good time stability. A proprietary 3D inkjet printing system was utilized to print polymer multilayer structures. The morphology, surface profile, and the thickness uniformity of inkjet printed multilayers were evaluated by optical microscopy and FT‐IR microscopy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43572.

Influence of Ink Performance on Ink-Jet Printing Quality

The era of environmental protection and personalization has become increasingly prominent, and people not only focus on the beauty of the design, but also pay more attention to the quality of the clothing. For inkjet printing, the viscosity and surface tension of ink are major factors that affect the quality of ink-jet printing. In order to obtain a better print quality, the samples of five different viscosity and surface tension of ink were prepared respectively by changing the content of the resin and the surface active agent. Using these samples to print on the fabric by Epson printer, and to discuss the influence of the ink in different viscosity and surface tension on the ink-jet printing quality, such as apparent color depth (K / S), color parameters (L, C), permeability, clarity. The results showed that: with the increase of the ink viscosity, the apparent depth of color yield increased gradually and became darker in color. L value decreased gradually and had a increasing trend, and tends to be stable. C value increased and vividness of the color was improved. And it also had a certain impact on the infiltration resistance and clarity. Surface tension also had a significant impact on the depth of the apparent color, vividness of the color and directly affected the ink permeability and clarity.

Research on the Adhension of Water-Based Ink on UV Varnish

In order to enhance the adhension of ink, base ink was prepared with proper pigment and grinding resin, as well as dispersing agent, then compounded it and film-forming resin. The paper has studied the major factors, including grinding resin, film-forming resin and additives, which influenced the adhension of water-based ink on UV varnish. The results indicated that the content and the variety of grinding resin had a certain influence on the adhension of water-based ink. Besides, since the structure of film-forming resin is different, it has a significant effect on the adhension of water-based ink with the change of the variety of resin. Whats more, additives, which could decrease the surface tension of ink effectively and made the ink intend to adhere on UV varnish easily, is also an important factor that influences the adhension of the water-based ink on UV varnish.

An approach for controlling printed line-width in high resolution roll-to-roll gravure printing

One of the challenges in printed electronics is the capacity to print a high resolution electrode. However, it is difficult to gain control over fidelity of microscale line-width of printed patterns especially in roll-to-roll (R2R) gravure printing process. Here, we report a simple solution based on the wettability of ink on the substrate to prevent a widening effect of printed patterns thereby enhancing the precision. The widening effect was found to be affected by intrinsic (ink wetting behavior, cell geometry) and extrinsic (nip pressure, printing speed) conditions. Analysis was conducted to figure out an effect of surface tension of ink and surface energy of substrate on the printed pattern width via contact angle (θIS). For a given cell volume, the width of printed patterns decreased with increasing contact angle. The experimental method was used to determine the optimal extrinsic condition and unstable region border. Finally, we identified three ink setting regions of widening (θIS ≤ ), un-widening (<θIS <) and unstable region (θIS ≥ ). The experimental data showed a good agreement with expected results based on the established analytical approach. This result could be used as an important practical guideline to be applied in R2R gravure printing process with high resolution.

The Effect of UV Inkjet Ink’s Performance on the Line Printing Quality

In order to smoothly jet from the nozzle, UV inkjet ink need to meet certain performance requirements, the surface tension of ink has certain effect on the formation and the flight path of ink droplet, directly affect the final printing quality. The black UV inkjet ink samples were prepared by selecting 5 kinds of surfactants, the surface tension was tested. The effect of the surface tension on ink droplet status and final line printing quality were studied. The results show that the surface tension of ink is different, the ink droplet status is different; the surface tension of ink have certain effect on the line width and density of lines, and have little impact on the roughness and contrast of lines.

Research on the Influence of Ink Surface Tension to the Formation of Ink Droplet

Ink jet printing, as the key point of digital printing development, has already got some progress as technical be concerned, and also it has been used in industrial producing. But until now, ink jet printing still has some problems to be solved, include satellite droplet, droplet dimension, and spreading of droplet on substrate and so on. These problems involving parameters include dimension and geometry of the print-head, quality and characteristics of the control signal, surface tension of the ink, viscosity of the ink, characteristics of the substrate surface and so on. In this paper we just analysis the influence of ink surface tension to the process from jet to formation of the droplet by establishing mathematical model, but keep other parameters unchanged. At last, we get the relationship between ink surface tension and droplet parameters, so that it can be used as theoretical basement for print-head design and researching of ink.

The Research on Ink Adhesion of Vacuum Aluminized Paper

In this paper we evaluated some surface characteristics of the Vacuum Aluminized Paper (VAP) to explore the ink adhesion on it. It is shown that this performance is quite unsatisfying due to the high gloss of the VAP which results in an even weaker surface energy than the surface tension of ink. The optimal drying time for the inked VAP under UV light with 125W of power is approximately 4.5 minutes, converts to the practical production, the printing speed of the VAP should be near to 7128 sheet/hour so as to fully solidify the UV ink thus acquires the optimal adhesion of ink.

The Effect of a Prepolymer on the Performance of UV Ink-Jet Yellow Ink

With the aim to study the effect of prepolymer on performance of UV ink-jet yellow ink , prepare UV ink-jet yellow ink color paste by change prepolymer and pigment/binder , test it’s particle size and distribution, explore the effect of different prepolymers and pigment/binder on the dispersion property; make ink color good dispersion paste into ink by using different film forming prepolymers, test the surface tension , viscosity , and curing speed, explore the effect of different prepolymers on the performance of UV ink-jet ink. The results indicate that, prepolymer on the dispersion property has great influence, color paste prepared by prepolymer CN2303 at pigment/binder for 2:1 has minimum particle size, and has good dispersion, film forming prepolymers has great influence on viscosity and curing speed of ink, has little effect on the surface tension of ink.

Effect of Print Resolution in Single-Pass Inkjet Printer Design

The paper presents the results of some comparison testing of print quality achieved in single pass inkjet print. In particular a comparison of grayscale versus asymetric resolution binary print.It includes an explanation of the effects of ink surface tension, material surface energy and delay before UV cure.Finally it develops a set of guidelines to apply to the design of single-pass inkjet print engines.

Influence of Components on the Properties of Pigment Inks for Textiles

For inkjet printing, pigment inks are suitable for all kinds of fibre, the printing procedure is simple without both pretreatment and after-treatment. In the future, the research and development of pigment ink will be the main trend of the inkjet printing technology. In this paper, the influence of polyhydric alcohol, surfactant, de-foaming agent on ink performance, such as viscosity, surface tension and so on, was analyzed. The com- patibility of polyhydric alcohols such as 1, 3-propanediol, diethylene glycol, 1, 6-hexylene glycol, glycerine with pigment ink has been researched, and effect of the amount of polyhydric alcohols on the viscosity and surface tension of ink was discussed. The function of surfactants OP-7,OP-10 and OP-15 in ink has been analyzed, the results show that surfactant OP-7 and OP-10 could decrease the surface tension of inks below 30mN/m when the amount used about 1.0% or lower by weight. The efficiency of reducing surface tension falls down in the sequence of the surfactants OP-7, OP-10 and OP-15. The effect of the amount of surfactant on the viscosity was not very significant. The defoaming effect of n-butyl alcohol on pigment ink has also researched in this paper.

Determining the dispersive and polar contributions to the surface tension of water-based printing ink as a function of surfactant surface excess

The surface tension of a model, water-based, flexographic printing ink was measured at a range of surfactant concentrations along with the equilibrium contact angle formed with polymer substrates. The surface excess of surfactant at each concentration was calculated using the Gibbs adsorption isotherm and assumed equal to the concentration of surfactant at the interface. The change in the surface tension of the ink formulation was assumed to be determined entirely by the surface concentration of surfactant. This allowed the estimation of the surface tension at the solid–liquid and solid–vapour boundaries when in contact with substrate based on the values obtained for pendant drops. The associated polar and dispersive contributions to the surface tension were then calculated using the Young–Dupré equation. The values of the polar and dispersive surface tension components extracted in this manner were compared with those calculated using the approach of van Oss, Chaudhury and Good. The use of surface excess in estimating the contributions to surface tension was found to give far better agreement with experimental data than the van Oss approach which is intended for use with pure liquids.

Inkjet Characteristics Affected by Cohesion on Pigmented Ink Surface

When pigmented ink is used in an inkjet printer, the first drop sometimes fails to fly after a short intermission. In the precedent paper, it was shown that the misfire phenomenon is concerned with the dispersed particle condensation and cohesion at the ink surface where the dispersion liquid evaporates. In this paper, perturbation method is used to analyze the dynamics of the air-liquid interface on the condition that the liquid is pressurized to move outward. Calculated results show the unexpected characteristics that the most influential parameter is not the viscosity but. the surface tension of ink. To exblain the misfire phenomenon by using these results, the hypothesis is presented that the lateral capillary force is generated by the particles piled up on the ink surface. This force is considered to work as reinforced surface tension, and causes the interference like the misfire in inkjet motion.