Surface Properties Of Textile Materials Research Articles

The effect of ecological washing treatments on the comfort properties of dyed cotton fabrics

Ecological washing treatments are being widely applied for textile finishing. However, these treatments may cause changes in the mechanical and surface properties of textile materials, thus influence the tactile properties of fabrics. These sensitive low-stress mechanical properties will affect the comfort of the human body. In this work, the changes in comfort properties of dyed cotton fabrics, after ecological new bleach and enzymatic washing treatments, are systematically investigated using a tensile testing machine - the Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabrics (KES-FB) - and the air permeability tester. The results show that mechanical and fabric hand properties are differently affected by the different treatments. Finished cotton samples were found suppler and rougher than the untreated fabric due to the mechanical friction during the finishing cycle, including fabric-to-fabric and fabric-to-machine friction. As a result of our finishing treatment, tensile strength, bending properties, air permeability and thermal conductivity are decreased, however, the compressibility (EMC) tends to increase after the various finishing treatments. Moreover, the best bending properties, which reflect the flexibly of the fabric, are obtained for the new bleached sample. The possible origins for the changes mentioned above - caused by the different treatments- are evaluated and discussed.

HAIRINESS AS A SURFACE PROPERTY OF TEXTILE

Determine the essence of the concept of «surface properties of textiles» and justify the degree of influence of the phenomenon of hairiness of textile materials on the surface properties of textile products. The analytical method is used in this work. The study contains a systematic analysis of scientific publications, the terminology of international standards and modern developments in the field of determining the surface properties of tissues. Based on the analysis of scientific research, it was found that various authors refer to the surface properties of textile materials a different set of surface effects, and their analysis through the indicators of tissue hairiness makes this issue relevant. The definition of the general term «surface» has shown that in various branches of science it is interpreted differently depending on the subject and field of study. Textile material science considers the term «supporting surface of the fabric», which needs to be clarified. Analysis of the fibrous structure of the fabric showed a complex structural organization of its surface, which is represented by the relief and various zones of the pile, formed from individual fibers having different locations on the surface of the fabric. As a result, the following terms are formulated: “fabric surface” and “surface properties of fabrics”. A list of surface properties of fabrics has been compiled, where hairiness is presented as an equivalent independent characteristic that simultaneously affects the manifestation of other surface effects. For the first time, the terms «fabric surface» and «surface properties of fabrics» are defined and justified. The nomenclature of the surface properties of fabrics is determined, based on the analysis of which it is proved that hairiness is the main characteristic of the fabric surface. The proposed terms for determining the surface of fabrics harmonize the terminology of textile materials science with other branches of science. The study of the effect of hairiness on surface properties opens up new possibilities for expanding the assortment of fabrics and is a promising area in the development of expert methods for assessing the quality of textiles.

Low-Stress Mechanical Property Study of Various Functional Fabrics for Tactile Property Evaluation.

Functional finishing brings an alteration on the mechanical and surface properties of textile materials and henceforth influences the tactile properties. In this work, Kawabata evaluation systems (KES) for fabrics were utilized to notice the changes in the tactile properties of fabrics resulting from different finishing types such as inkjet printing, screen printing, and coating. The effects of functional finishing on the fabric’s tactile property were inconsistent with reference to the course of decrease or increase being dependent on the types of finishes. The findings showed that KES can be employed as a promising tool to sort out the suitable functional finishing types in terms of tactile properties. Amongst the implemented finishing types, inkjet printing offered superior tactile properties with respect to tensile energy (softness), shear rigidity, compressional softness, bending stiffness (drapability), and surface properties. The KES results confirmed that low-stress mechanical properties are strongly associated with the tactile property and might assist as a quality profile data source for guaranteeing the production and development of a virtuous quality product. The result encourages further utilization of the KES for functional fabric tactile property evaluation.

Deposition of fine particles on vertical textile surfaces: A small-scale chamber study

Particle deposition on building internal surfaces has been extensively studied; however, common indoor textile surfaces have been rarely mentioned. Thus, the main goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of surface properties of textile materials on particle deposition. Two special surface analysis techniques were introduced to measure the surface roughness of textile materials. The deposition loss rate coefficients of different size of particles on vertically oriented textile surfaces were determined experimentally. A 512-L aluminum cubic experimental chamber (0.8 m×0.8 m×0.8 m) was built to measure the deposition loss rate coefficient of 0.37, 0.54, 0.75, 0.9, 1.3, and 1.6 μm particles under three airflow intensity levels. The deposition loss rate coefficients for eight single-layer curtain cloths with different surface roughness were measured. The results show that the deposition loss rate coefficient increased with the near-surface airflow velocity and exhibited a V-shaped distribution with the increase in particle size. The degree of influence on the particle deposition of textile surface roughness is related to the tightness of textile material, near-surface airflow velocity, and particle size. The effect of particle size on deposition loss rate coefficient is much larger than that of the near-surface airflow velocity and surface roughness of the textile material.

Evaluation of the possibility of using surface free energy study to design protective fabrics

Contact angle measurements, using the dynamic contact angle and Washburn methods, were taken for 100% aramid and viscose fabrics, as well as for 50:50 aramid and viscose mixed fabrics of different structure. Based on the measurements of contact angles wetted with hexane, water and formamide, the fabric surface free energy was calculated by means of three (Owens–Wendt, Wu and van Oss–Chaudhury–Good) theoretical models. The aim of the study was to analyze the usefulness of the dynamic contact angle and Washburn methods for assessing surface properties of textile materials, using selected measurement liquids, and to relate the results to the further investigation of actual wetting and penetration of model fabrics designed to protect against hazardous or irritant liquids. It was found that both methods are useful for determining the fabric surface free energy values; the Washburn method is characterized by the high practical value in assessing surface properties of textile materials, regardless of their structure, whereas the dynamic contact angle method allows for more thorough observation of how the fabric structure of the same raw material composition exerts its effect on the wettability and surface free energy value.

Preparation and Characterization of Copper Nanocomposite Textiles

Fibrous textiles have been increasingly used in a variety of industries. In these applications, the surface properties of textile materials play a very important role. The surface properties of textile materials can be modified by various techniques. Copper (Cu) nanocomposite textiles are prepared by magnetron sputter coating. The nanocomposite textiles with different thickness of coatings are investigated by atomic force microscope (AFM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and opto-electrical tests. The AFM observations reveal the growth of the Cu nanostructures formed on the fiber surface as the sputtering time increases. The surface conductivity of the textiles coated with Cu nanostructures shows a significant increase compared to the uncoated ones. The increased coating thickness leads to better electrical conductivity. The coated textiles also show considerable improvement in UV and visible light shielding, examined by UV/Vis spectrometer.

Quality Control of Silicone Softener Application

In this paper, the effect of silicone softener application on low-stress mechanical and surface properties of textile materials is investigated using the Kawabata evaluation system for fabrics. Regression equations are derived to describe the influence of the treatment conditions—temperature, curing time, and softener concentration—on mea sured KES characteristics. The physicomechanical parameters of most correlation in teractions and the importance of end quality are outlined. This work provides an ap proach for selecting KES parameters that are appropriate for quality control in silicone softener application.