Physical Surface Chemistry Research Articles

Tailoring bisphosphonate-doped titanium films to optimally couple cellular responses and antibacterial activity for biomedical applications.

Titanium (Ti) is widely utilized as an implant material; nonetheless, its integration with bone tissue faces limitations due to a patient's comorbidities. To address this challenge, we employed a strategic approach involving the growth of thin films by spin-coating and surface functionalization with etidronate (ETI), alendronate (ALE), and risedronate (RIS). Our methodology involved coating of Ti cp IV disks with thin films of TiO2, hydroxyapatite (HA), and their combinations (1:1 and 1:2 v/v), followed by surface functionalization with ETI, ALE, and RIS. Bisphosphonate-doped films were evaluated in terms of surface morphology and physical-chemical properties by techniques such as electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The antibacterial potential of bisphosphonates alone or functionalized onto the Ti surface was tested against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Primary human bone mesenchymal stem cells were used to determine in vitro cell metabolism and mineralization. Although RIS alone did not demonstrate any antibacterial effect as verified by minimum inhibitory concentration assay, when Ti surfaces were functionalized with RIS, partial inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus growth was noted, probably because of the physical-chemical surface properties. Furthermore, samples comprising TiO2/HA (1:1 and 1:2 v/v) showcased an enhancement in the metabolism of nondifferentiated cells and can potentially enhance the differentiation of osteoblastic precursors. All samples demonstrated cell viability higher than 80%. Addition of hydroxyapatite and presence of bisphosphonates increase the metabolic activity and the mineralization of human bone mesenchymal cells. While these findings hold promise, it is necessary to conduct further studies to evaluate the system's performance in vivo and ensure its long-term safety. This research marks a significant stride toward optimizing the efficacy of titanium implants through tailored surface modifications.

Mechanics of Spacetime with Surface Tension and Preferred Curvature

In previous publications, it was argued that because energy and matter are aligned in the thin increment of present time for an observer, spacetime should and must have surface tension. In this paper, we review how to apply 4-dimensional continuum mechanics with imaginary time coordinates to derive a mechanical model of spacetime with surface tension. Then, to continue model development, we discuss the concept of preferred curvature from the physical chemistry of surfaces and attempt to apply those concepts to spacetime geometry. We show how the model exhibits quantum fluctuations at the Plank scale and components resembling dark matter and dark energy at the cosmic scale.

Theoretical and Experimental Studies on the Critical Size Effect on Surface Heat Capacity Using In Situ Microcalorimetry: During the Solid–Liquid Reactions of Cu2O Nanocubes

Phase transition, energy storage, and other activities depend critically on the size variations of nanomaterials for their heat capacity. The size variation of the nanomaterial is also equally important to the thermodynamic properties for chemical reaction processes. Based on this, it will be fascinating to examine how the surface heat capacity of nanomaterials changes with size. Herein, we used an in situ microcalorimeter to report a general approach to obtaining the regular patterns of numerical changes in the surface heat capacity at different sizes and temperatures when the chemical reactions of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) take place in the liquid phase. We synthesized four Cu2O nanocubes with uniform size distributions, which range from 40 to 120 nm, by using the liquid-phase reduction method. Combined with the principle of thermodynamic cycle and transition state theory, the effects of size and temperature changes on the standard molar formation thermodynamic properties, surface thermodynamic properties, and specific surface thermodynamic properties of Cu2O nanocubes were calculated and analyzed. The calculated results are in agreement with the established thermodynamic model. It is inspiring that we find that Cu2O nanocubes also have a critical size in the range of 55–67 nm, and their molar surface heat capacity and specific surface heat capacity are 59.35 and 59.31 nm, respectively. This property allows them to exhibit differences in thermal resistance from bulk materials within an acceptable range of error. This work has important scientific significance and values for enriching and developing the surface physical chemistry and understanding the energy storage and other processes of nanomaterials.

Influence of surfactant on the permeability at different positions of a leaching column.

To solve the problems of poor permeability and low leaching rate in ore heap leaching, solid surface physical chemistry, seepage mechanics theory for porous media, CT scanning and SEM were used to carry out column leaching tests with a homemade segmented removable plexiglass column; the variation law for the permeability coefficients of each segment of the leaching column before and after leaching was analyzed. The experimental results showed that there was little difference in the permeability coefficient of ore at different heights before leaching. After leaching, the permeability coefficients were unevenly distributed along the column height, and the lowest value was located at the bottom of the leaching column. The addition of surfactant provided an obvious improvement in the permeability of the leaching column. The permeability coefficient at the bottom of the leaching column was 6% higher than that of the control group. At the same time, the addition of surfactant increased the leaching rate of ore by nearly 10%. A theoretical analysis showed that the surfactant improved the permeability of ore heaps mainly by preventing physical blockage by fine particles and inhibiting deposition of chemical products.

Molecular models of hematite, goethite, kaolinite, and quartz: Surface terminations, ionic interactions, nano topography, and water coordination

In light of the modern needs in mineral processing and extractive metallurgy, advanced knowledge about the surface chemistry of minerals is essential, especially their interactions with water. These interactions are intimately related to several processes in mineral technology, such as flotation, wet grinding, dewatering, and leaching. Hematite, goethite, quartz, and kaolinite are the main minerals in iron ore processing circuits. Thus, understanding their differences is fundamental to making lower-grade iron ores processing worthwhile. In this work, we studied the surface physical chemistry of these minerals by molecular modeling and simulation, focusing on surface terminations, protonation degrees, ionic interactions, nano topography, and water coordination. We demonstrate that fundamental differences exist between the terminations of the same mineral, particularly for quartz (100) and hematite (001) surfaces. Iron minerals exhibit strong interactions with water, mainly due to the coordination of surface iron atoms by aquo ligands and their relatively low molecular-scale roughness, in most cases. Such characteristics help explain the behavior of adsorption of reagents and the difficulties in dewatering and drying iron ore. In contrast, the silicate minerals present lower water structuring. We also show how neutral surfaces behave towards ions, cases of both attraction and repulsion were observed and attributed to the surfaces' topmost atomic layering. This work provides novel insights which can connect the fundamentals of surface phenomena with process engineering. Additionally, we provide molecular models to help in related computational studies.

Enhanced photocatalytic performance and stability of multi-layer core-shell nanocomposite C@Pt/MoS2@CdS with full-spectrum response

The nanocomposite material C@Pt/MoS 2 @CdS was prepared by a simple microwave-assisted hydrothermal method combined with photoreduction method. The crystal structure, microstructure, and surface physical chemistry properties of the material were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance absorption spectroscopy (UV–vis/DRS), X-ray photoelectron energy spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurement, photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), and electrochemical tests. As a result, this material has full-spectrum light absorption property and the composited CdS presents a good hexagonal phase. Moreover, the composite material presents a nanorod-like multi-layer core-shell structure, wherein the rod-like MoS 2 @CdS surface is covered with Pt and C. The formation of the multi-layer core-shell structure increases the specific surface area of as-composite material and strengthens its light absorption performance. The electrochemical impedance and transient photocurrent test results show that C@Pt/MoS 2 @CdS has the highest charge separation efficiency and enhanced photocurrent density compared with other systems. Photogenerated charge carriers have higher separation efficiency, and photogenerated electrons and holes exhibit longer life. During the photocatalysis experiments, the nanocomposite C@Pt/MoS 2 @CdS shows enhanced photodegradation activity under multi-modal photocatalytic experiments and excellent stability under visible light irradiation. In addition, C@Pt/MoS 2 @CdS has a strong photocatalytic water splitting ability. Under the same experimental conditions, its hydrogen production is 60 times that of commercially available P25. Through capture experiments, the reactive species in the photocatalytic reaction process were determined, and the possible photocatalytic reaction mechanism of this multi-layer core-shell C@Pt/MoS 2 @CdS nanocomposite was inferred. • Constructed a multi-layer core-shell structure photocatalytic composite material. • Improved the photocatalytic activity and stability of CdS-based photocatalyst. • The hydrogen production of C@Pt/MoS 2 @CdS was approximately 60 times that of commercially available P25. • Recombination rate of photogenerated charge carriers was effectively restrained.

Tailoring the chemical functionalization of a transparent polyethylene foil for its application in an OLED-based DNA biosensor

For the development of a bio-sensor based on fluorescence excitation in transmission, a plastic substrate with excellent optical characteristics, such as high optical transmission in the visible range and low self-fluorescence, is required. Polyethylene (PE) films have been found to meet these optical characteristics. However, the adhesion of short sequences of oligonucleotides used as bio-probes, which are needed to develop a genosensor, has not proven ideal on this substrate, due to its olefinic composition. In order to overcome this challenge, a physical-chemical surface modification of PE films has been performed using a corona treatment, followed by the attachment of functional organic compounds. The surface modified substrates have been characterized for their wettability, surface energy, zeta potential and surface topography. The bio-probes’ adhesion on the treated surfaces has been tested by monitoring the fluorescence of dye-conjugated complementary sequences of the oligonucleotides deposited on the modified PE substrates. Finally, two modified PE substrates, comprising the best adhesion of the bio-probes, have been used to prepare a genosensor for the detection of the DNA of the insect Hermetia illucens. As expected, the better adhesion of bio-probes on the functionalized PE substrate has allowed a significant improvement of the bio-sensor’s limit of detection (LOD).

Citric Acid Passivation of Titanium Dental Implants for Minimizing Bacterial Colonization Impact

Surface topography and physical-chemical properties usually play a key-role in both osseointegration improvement and bacterial colonization reduction over the surface of dental implants. The aim of this study is to compare the chemical and bacteriological behavior of two different acid passivation surface treatments on titanium c.p. grade 3 used for dental implant manufacturing. Surface roughness was evaluated using White Light Interferometry (WLI) in order to determine different roughness parameters such as average roughness (Sa), the spacing parameter (Sm) and the hybrid parameter of surface index area (SIA). Contact angle (CA) and surface free energy (SFE) were evaluated in order to establish the surface wettability of the different groups of samples. Titanium ion-release from the different samples was also been analyzed in Hank’s solution medium at 37 °C by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) at different immersion times. Bacterial viability adhesion assays were done using S. sanguinis (CECT 480, Spain) as a bacterial strain model of primary colonizer in oral biofilm formation. The bacteria attachment and morphology on Ti surfaces were determined using a live/dead staining method after 4 h of incubation and further analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Acid passivation surface treatments produced a statistically-significant (p < 0.05) roughness increase in all the evaluated parameters (Sa, Sm, SAI). The treatment with citric acid decreased the static contact angle (CA) and caused an increase in surface free energy (SFE) with a high polarization and oxidizing character. These physical-chemical surface characteristics obtained by means of citric acid passivation caused the bactericidal behavior as it has been proved in bacterial studies.

Controlled Adhesion of HUVEC on Polyelectrolyte Multilayers by Regulation of Coating Conditions.

Adhesion of host cells on the surface of implants is necessary for a healthy ingrowth of the implanted material. One possibility of surface modification is the coating of the implant with a second material with advantageous physical-chemical surface properties for the biological system. The coverage with blood proteins takes place immediately after implantation. It is followed by host-cell interaction on the surface. In this work, the effect of polyelectrolyte multilayer coatings (PEMs) on adhesion and activity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was studied. The PEMs were formed from poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) from solutions with different concentrations of NaCl varying between 0 and 1.0 M. The adhesion of HUVEC and their viability on the PEM is related to the amount of adsorbed proteins from the applied cell growth medium. The amount of adsorbed proteins is controlled not only by the surface charge but also by the internal excess charge of the PEM. The internal excess charge of the PEM was controlled by changing the electrolyte concentration in the deposition solutions.

Temperature and angle resolved XPS study of BMIm Cl and BMIm FeCl4

Ionic liquids (ILs) have progressively acquired a central position in chemical and material sciences landscapes due to their peculiar physical and solvation properties. Thanks to their metal-complexing ability as well as wide thermal stability and the capability to be easily reused, ILs constitute ideal candidates for applications in metal-catalyzed reactions. However, to exploit their full potential as solvents in heterogeneous catalysis, it is essential to achieve a deeper knowledge on the phenomena that govern both ILs’s surface physical chemistry and chemical composition. With the aim of shedding some light on these aspects, we used X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in angle-resolved mode, to analyze the surface of BMIm Cl and BMIm FeCl4 at different probing depths. Our results show that iron species are located nearly the liquid/vacuum interface, immediately under the hydrophobic layer constituted by the aliphatic chains of the imidazolium rings. The presence of iron ions also affects the composition of the outermost part of the liquid/vacuum interface which clearly differs from the one constituted by the parent BMIm Cl.

High-temperature degradation of the in-situ laser-glazed plasma sprayed LaMgAl11O19 thermal barrier coating exposed to Ca-Mg-Al-silicate deposits

High-temperature degradation of the plasma sprayed LaMA coating before and after in-situ laser-glazing under CMAS attacks at 1350 °C for 1 h, 12 h and 48 h was comparatively investigated. Results indicate that a dense laser-glazed top layer was successfully created in-situ for a ～1 mm thick LaMA coating. It behaved as a sealing layer and reservoir of Al3+, Mg2+ and La3+. Melted CMAS penetration was accordingly effectively arrested accompanied by crystallizations of the CaAl2Si2O8 anorthite, MgAl2O4 spinel and Ca2La8(SiO4)6O2 apatite. CMAS-induced degradation mainly occurred near the surface of the laser-glazed dense LaMA top layer. While significant penetration of the melted CMAS along the entire thickness occurred to the as-sprayed LaMA coating without laser-glazing treatments after 48 h degradation. Ca2La8(SiO4)6O2 apatite phase did not crystallize for the as-sprayed LaMA due to the much reduced local La3+ concentration in melted CMAS resulted from its porous microstructure. Effects of laser-glazing on the CMAS-induced degradation of the plasma sprayed LaMA was carefully analyzed and discussed in terms of the coating’s chemical composition, microstructure and surface physical chemistry characteristics base on XRD, SEM/EDS and TEM results.

BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS

Electrospun technology is a simple and flexible method for preparation of nanofiber materials with unique physical and chemical properties. The nanofiber diameter is adjustable from several nanometers to few microns during the preparation. Electrospun nanofiber materials are easy to be assembled into different shapes of three-dimensional structures. These materials exhibit high porosity and surface area and can simulate the network structures of collagen fibers in a natural extracellular matrix, thereby providing a growth microenvironment for tissue cells. Electrospun nanofibers therefore have extensive application prospects in the biomedicine field, including in aerospace, filtration, biomedical applications, and biotechnology. Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize many fields, such as surface microscopy, silicon fabrication, biochemistry, molecular biology, physical chemistry, and computational engineering, while the advent of nanofibers has increased the understanding of nanotechnology among academia, industry, and the general public. This paper mainly introduces the application of nanofiber materials in tissue engineering, drug release, wound dressing, and other biomedicine fields.

Butterfly eyespot color pattern formation requires physical contact of the pupal wing epithelium with extracellular materials for morphogenic signal propagation

BackgroundEyespot color pattern formation on butterfly wings is sensitive to physical damage and physical distortion as well as physical contact with materials on the surface of wing epithelial tissue at the pupal stage. Contact-mediated eyespot color pattern changes may imply a developmental role of the extracellular matrix in morphogenic signal propagation. Here, we examined eyespot responses to various contact materials, focusing on the hindwing posterior eyespots of the blue pansy butterfly, Junonia orithya.ResultsContact with various materials, including both nonbiological and biological materials, induced eyespot enlargement, reduction, or no change in eyespot size, and each material was characterized by a unique response profile. For example, silicone glassine paper almost always induced a considerable reduction, while glass plates most frequently induced enlargement, and plastic plates generally produced no change. The biological materials tested here (fibronectin, polylysine, collagen type I, and gelatin) resulted in various responses, but polylysine induced more cases of enlargement, similar to glass plates. The response profile of the materials was not readily predictable from the chemical composition of the materials but was significantly correlated with the water contact angle (water repellency) of the material surface, suggesting that the surface physical chemistry of materials is a determinant of eyespot size. When the proximal side of a prospective eyespot was covered with a size-reducing material (silicone glassine paper) and the distal side and the organizer were covered with a material that rarely induced size reduction (plastic film), the proximal side of the eyespot was reduced in size in comparison with the distal side, suggesting that signal propagation but not organizer activity was inhibited by silicone glassine paper.ConclusionsThese results suggest that physical contact with an appropriate hydrophobic surface is required for morphogenic signals from organizers to propagate normally. The binding of the apical surface of the epithelium with an opposing surface may provide mechanical support for signal propagation. In addition to conventional molecular morphogens, there is a possibility that mechanical distortion of the epithelium that is propagated mechanically serves as a nonmolecular morphogen to induce subsequent molecular changes, in accordance with the distortion hypothesis for butterfly wing color pattern formation.

X-ray Photospectroscopy and Electronic Studies of Reactor Parameters on Photocatalytic Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide by Defect-Laden Indium Oxide Hydroxide Nanorods.

In the study reported herein, glovebox-protected X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and in situ Hall charge carrier measurements provide new insights into the surface physical chemistry of gaseous H2, CO2, and H2+CO2 combined with nanostructured In2O(3−x)(OH)y nanorods, which ensue under photochemical and thermochemical operating conditions. Heterolytic dissociation of H2 in H2-only atmosphere appears to occur mainly under dark and ambient temperature conditions, while the greatest amount of OH shoulder expansion in H2+CO2 atmosphere appears to mainly occur under photoilluminated conditions. These results correlate with those of the Hall measurements, which show that the prevalence of homolytic over heterolytic dissociation at increasing temperatures leads to a steeper rate of increase in carrier concentrations; and that H2 adsorption is more prevalent than CO2 in H2+CO2 photoillumination conditions.

The Influence of Hydrostatic Pressure on the Contact Angle of a Sessile Bubble

Although usual pressures have typically a weak effect on the properties of condensed phases and their surface layers, a parameter has been found in the surface physical chemistry—a contact angle at a three-phase contact line—that is rather sensitive to hydrostatic pressure. Experiments with an air bubble adhered to a solid surface immersed in water have shown that an increase in the hydrostatic pressure by less than two times causes a growth of the contact angle by more than 10°, if the angle is markedly smaller than 90°. Therewith, the three-phase contact line remains immobile, and only the liquid−gas interface changes its orientation. If the angle (no matter, acute or obtuse) is close to 90°, the three-phase contact line acquires mobility as an alternative way to reach an equilibrium . A thermodynamic theory has been developed on the basis of the generalized Young equation to explain these phenomena. It has been shown that, when the three-phase contact line is fixed, a growth of the pressure in a liquid always leads to a rise in the contact angle.

Strong Dependence of Contact Angle on Pressure

Although the usual pressures typically only slightly affect the properties of condensed phases and their surface layers, in physical chemistry of surfaces, it was found a quantity, the contact angle on the three-phase contact line, that is very sensitive to pressure. In experiments with an air bubble in water stuck to a solid surface, an increase in hydrostatic pressure of less than doubled gave an increase in the contact angle of more than 10o if the angle itself was sufficient but less than 90o. Сhanging the orientation of the liquid - gas surface. If the angle (no matter sharp or obtuse) is close to 90o, the mobility of the three-phase contact line arises as an alternative way to achieve equilibrium. To explain these phenomena, a thermodynamic theory is formulated. It is shown that with a fixed line of three-phase contact, an increase in pressure in a liquid always causes an increase in the contact angle. At the same time, an increase in the hydrostatic pressure of water by two times is equivalent to an increase in the partial pressure of water vapor inside the bubble by a factor of seven.

Characterization of hierarchical zeolites: Combining adsorption/intrusion, electron microscopy, diffraction and spectroscopic techniques

Abstract Conventional and hierarchical faujasite zeolites, which are relevant to xylene separation by adsorption processes, are characterized using a broad set of complementary experimental techniques. In addition to a conventional faujasite zeolite, hierarchical faujasite zeolites consisting either of nanoparticle aggregates or of a layer-like zeolite are considered. For all samples, both the sodium and barium forms of these X zeolites are investigated. With the goal to predict and rationalize the efficiency of these materials for a given application, the fine characterization reported here aims at identifying key parameters such as their multiscale pore size distribution, pore connectivity/morphology, and external surface physical chemistry. X-ray diffraction is first used to probe the different crystalline phases and domain sizes coexisting in each sample. Electron microscopy at different scales (scanning and transmission microscopies) is also used to determine the morphology of the different porosity domains as well as to investigate the core-shell structure of the samples. N2 adsorption and mercury intrusion are then combined to provide a consolidated multiscale pore size distribution of each sample. Furthermore, adsorption scanning curves are determined to analyze the topology/connectivity of the porosity domains. Finally, infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance are used to assess the chemistry of the samples with special focus on their external surface. The combination of these different techniques is found to provide a rich and detailed picture of these heterogeneous and multiscale solids that goes beyond standard routine characterization.

Effects of acid-alkali treatment on bioactivity and osteoinduction of porous titanium: An in vitro study

BackgroundTo elucidate the bioactivity and bone regeneration of porous titanium surfaces treated using acid-alkali combination, and to define the optimal alkali reaction time. MethodsTen groups of porous Ti with at least 3 per group undergoing different acid-alkali treated time were prepared. The surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), bicinchoninic acid method (BCA), optical contact angle measurement and Raman spectrometry. Compression testing was performed with a universal testing machine. The bioactivity and osteoinduction were evaluated by a series of biological tests using a simulated body fluid (SBF) test, cell proliferation test, vinculin, ALP and OCN expression, and cell mineralization. ResultsThe acid-alkali treatment formed micro- and nano-scale structures on the sample surfaces. The alkali treatment for 12 h achieved the sharpest nano-scale surface relief and the most protein absorption. The treated porous surface was coated with a NaHTiO3 layer. The acid-alkali etching did not compromise the elastic modulus and compressive strength of the porous Ti samples. In addition to hydroxyapatite, a perovskite phase was also formed on the treated porous samples in SBF. Non-treated dense Ti showed more cell adhesion and proliferation (P < 0.05), while osteoinduction and mineralization were more pronounced on the treated porous sample (P < 0.05). ConclusionAcid-alkali treatment is an effective means of generating nano-scale relief on porous Ti surface, and is beneficial for bioactivity and bone regeneration. The 15 min acid and 12 h alkali etching is the optimal combination. The osteoinductive efficacy may be attributable to the surface physical chemistry and the formation of hydroxyapatite and perovskite layers, rather than direct cell adhesion and proliferation.

Introducing surface tension to spacetime

Concepts from physical chemistry of surfaces and surface tension are applied to spacetime. More specifically, spacetime is modeled as a spatial fluid continuum bound together by a multi-dimensional membrane of time. A metric tensor that relates empty flat spacetime to energetic curved spacetime is found. Equations of motion for an infinitesimal unit of spacetime are derived. The equation of motion in a time-like direction is a Klein-Gordon type equation. The equations of motion in space-like directions take the form of Schrodinger’s equation where Plank’s constant is related to membrane elastic modulus. Although much work remains, it is suggested that the spacetime surface tension may serve as a mechanical model for many phenomena in quantum mechanics and atomic particle physics.

Surface physical chemistry properties in coated bacterial cellulose membranes with calcium phosphate

Bacterial cellulose has become established as a new biomaterial, and it can be used for medical applications. In addition, it has called attention due to the increasing interest in tissue engineering materials for wound care. In this work, the bacterial cellulose fermentation process was modified by the addition of chondroitin sulfate to the culture medium before the inoculation of the bacteria. The biomimetic process with heterogeneous calcium phosphate precipitation of biological interest was studied for the guided regeneration purposes on bacterial cellulose. FTIR results showed the incorporation of the chondroitin sulfate in the bacterial cellulose, SEM images confirmed the deposition of the calcium phosphate on the bacterial cellulose surface, XPS analysis showed a selective chemical group influences which change calcium phosphate deposition, besides, the calcium phosphate phase with different Ca/P ratios on bacterial cellulose surface influences wettability. XTT results concluded that these materials did not affect significantly in the cell viability, being non-cytotoxic. Thus, it was produced one biomaterial with the surface charge changes for calcium phosphate deposition, besides different wettability which builds new membranes for Guided Tissue Regeneration.