Purpose: the aim of this study was to the system of the trial agencies that resolve civil cases in Vietnam currently. Theoretical framework: Currently, the number of civil cases tried every year in Vietnam is increasing rapidly. According to statistics from the Supreme People's Court, on resolving civil, marriage and family, business, trade and labor cases, in 2021, the Court handled 411,299 cases, with 324,813 resolved and adjudicated, reaching a rate of 79%. In 2022, the Court handled 444,402 cases, with 386,944 cases resolved and adjudicated, reaching a rate of 87.07% (Supreme People's Court, 2021). Design/methodology/approach: To meet the needs and demands of judicial work, the People's Court system is increasingly being organized scientifically and strictly. Especially since the establishment of the 2014 Law on Court Organization, the People's Court system in Vietnam has changed greatly compared to the time before this particularly important law took effect. Findings: However, with the impact and influence of international integration and economic and social development, the adjudication of civil cases in Vietnam always poses demands on the People's Court system. Discussion: Therefore, currently, research on the structure of the judicial agencies that resolve civil cases has become especially important and necessary in Vietnam, to promptly find solutions to improve their operational efficiency and perfect the law.