Lymphoproliferative syndromes are hematologic neoplasms that have the common trait of clonal proliferation of lymphoid cells. They can be of B-cell or T-cell origin. All have proto-oncogenic and/or suppressor gene abnormalities that give tumor clone cells an advantage in terms of proliferation. Each lymphoproliferative syndrome has specific immunophenotypic and morphological characteristics. Therefore, to establish a certain diagnosis, it is necessary to perform a morphological, immunological, and molecular study in peripheral blood and/or the affected tissue. There are various therapeutic options that depend on the patient's comorbidity, the stage of the disease, and molecular alterations. Options include immunotherapy, a combination of immunochemotherapy, or even an allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation.