Support User Interaction Research Articles

Designing a 3D gestural interface to support user interaction with time-oriented data as immersive 3D radar charts

The design of intuitive three-dimensional user interfaces is vital for interaction in virtual reality, allowing to effectively close the loop between a human user and the virtual environment. The utilization of 3D gestural input allows for useful hand interaction with virtual content by directly grasping visible objects, or through invisible gestural commands that are associated with corresponding features in the immersive 3D space. The design of such interfaces remains complex and challenging. In this article, we present a design approach for a three-dimensional user interface using 3D gestural input with the aim to facilitate user interaction within the context of Immersive Analytics. Based on a scenario of exploring time-oriented data in immersive virtual reality using 3D Radar Charts, we implemented a rich set of features that is closely aligned with relevant 3D interaction techniques, data analysis tasks, and aspects of hand posture comfort. We conducted an empirical evaluation (n=12)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$(n=12)$$\\end{document}, featuring a series of representative tasks to evaluate the developed user interface design prototype. The results, based on questionnaires, observations, and interviews, indicate good usability and an engaging user experience. We are able to reflect on the implemented hand-based grasping and gestural command techniques, identifying aspects for improvement in regard to hand detection and precision as well as emphasizing a prototype’s ability to infer user intent for better prevention of unintentional gestures.

Computing the Riemannian center of mass on meshes

The Riemannian center of mass (a.k.a. Karcher mean or Fréchet mean) provides the equivalent to the Euclidean affine average on manifolds. In spite of its many potential applications in computer graphics and geometric modeling, there exist surprisingly few algorithms to compute it. We present a direct method for computing the Riemannian center of mass on a triangle mesh. Our method works in the polyhedral metric and uses a piecewise-linear interpolation of gradients of the distance fields from a set of control points. We present applications for tracing splines on a surface, comparing to other methods at the state of the art, and showing that we produce quality results while supporting user interaction.

Designing interactive glazing through an engineering psychology approach: Six augmented reality scenarios that envision future car human-machine interface

BackgroundWith an increasing number of vehicles becoming autonomous, intelligent, and connected, paying attention to the future usage of car human-machine interface with these vehicles should become more relevant. Several studies have addressed car HMI but were less attentive to designing and implementing interactive glazing for every day (autonomous) driving contexts. MethodsReflecting on the literature, we describe an engineering psychology practice and the design of six novel future user scenarios, which envision the application of a specific set of augmented reality (AR) support user interactions. Additionally, we conduct evaluations on specific scenarios and experiential prototypes, which reveal that these AR scenarios aid the target user groups in experiencing a new type of interaction. The overall evaluation is positive with valuable assessment results and suggestions. ConclusionsThis study can interest applied psychology educators who aspire to teach how AR can be operationalized in a human-centered design process to students with minimal pre-existing expertise or minimal scientific knowledge in engineering psychology.

Analisis kualitas search engine sebagai media pembelajaran online di perpustakaan perguruan tinggi di Bali

Introduction. Previous research on the quality of search engines through a combination of three supporting theories is limited. This research which used the three theories aims to measure the quality of search engines based on user perceptions, utilization, and recall and precision values. The three supporting theories include recall and precision analysis, TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) and WebQual.
 Research methods. This study used a quantitative inferential method with questionnaires, observations, and online search.
 Data analysis. This study used inferential statistical data analysis techniques which used to determine the relationships among research variables.
 Results and discussion. Search engine Yahoo shows the highest recall value, while Google shows the highest precision value. The two search engine are well accepted and used frequently by users. The usability quality dimension has a significant effect on the utilization of Google and Yahoo, while the interaction quality dimension has no significant effect on those two search engines. Meanwhile, the dimension of information quality has a significant effect on Yahoo, however, it has no a significant effect on Google. 
 Conclusion and suggestions. The two search engines are accepted by user. They used as online learning media in universities to provide ease of use and support user interaction.

Initial Steps to Assemble a Home Monitoring Kit Prototype for Parkinson’s Disease: Applications of Design Heuristics and Formative Usability Testing with Young Participants

Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) find it increasingly difficult to maintain consistency of clinic visits. Additionally, current methods of tracking symptoms between appointments are often incomplete or inaccurate due to variability of patient self-report. This research includes a needs assessment, application of design heuristics, and the completion of usability testing, to assemble a home monitoring kit prototype to track PD symptoms. Design needs for patients with PD include larger font size and simplicity to encourage and support user interactions during motor skill and eyesight decline. Five design heuristics were applied to the kit to guide necessary components and instructions for participants to log mobility and digital tapping test results through a mobile device. Usability testing with four young participants (not diagnosed with PD) revealed opportunities to improve instructions including the use of pictures. Future design iterations and usability testing will target participants with PD for interaction with all components.

PENERAPAN STEGANOGRAFI GAMBAR BERWARNA PADA DELAPAN IMAGE COVER MENGGUNAKAN METODE LSB

Social interaction activities through devices connected to the internet, through computers, tablets and mobiles, have become activities that are often carried out. Advertising promotions, playing games, reading news, articles, or using social media, are some of the activities that can be done, and image activities are very important to support user interaction. By looking at the use of images on the internet, in this study an experiment will be conducted to see one of the unique things that can be done on the internet, namely hiding images in the images that have been provided, in the form of images that will be posted on social media accounts. Hiding The term can be termed as Steganography, By using LSB technology, the application that will be used can hide images into images.

A Data Analytics Approach to Persona Development for The Future Mobile Office

The concept of using automated vehicles as mobile workspaces is now emerging. Consequently, the in- vehicle environment of automated vehicles must be redesigned to support user interactions in performing work-related tasks. During the design phase, interaction designers often use personas to understand target user groups. Personas are representations of prototypical users and are constructed from user surveys and interview data. Although data-driven, large samples of user data are typically assessed qualitatively and may result in personas that are not representative of target user groups. To create representative personas, this paper demonstrates a data analytics approach to persona development for future mobile workspaces using data from the occupational information network (O*NET). O*NET consists of data on 968 occupations, each defined by 277 features. The data were reduced using dimensionality reduction and 7 personas were identified using cluster analysis. Finally, the important features of each persona were identified using logistic regression.

A structured approach to the evaluation of indoor environments’ecological valency

Buildings typically are expected to provide their inhabitants with the opportunity to influence the indoor environment using various control devices. These include, for example, windows, luminaires, radiators, and shading elements. The quality and adequacy of the indoor environment is thus dependent on the availability and effectiveness of such devices. There is arguably a lack of generally agreed-upon evaluation procedures for this aspect of buildings’ indoor environment, namely its controllability by building users, or – in the terminology of Human Ecology – its “ecological valency”. In this context, the present contribution explores the possibility to specify buildings’ ecological valency in a systematic and reproducible manner. Toward this end, first appropriate theoretical foundations for this purpose are explored and previous related efforts are briefly reviewed. Subsequently, a specific approach toward an ecological valency evaluation method is presented. As part of this approach, five main categories of control devices are documented in various rooms of a building, including windows, shading, lights, heating and cooling systems. Whereas, the first part of this method deals with the basic availability of these control devices and elements, the second part looks at their spatial distribution, effectiveness (both objective and subjective), interface quality (to support user interaction), and ecological quality. The presented evaluation method is tested for six different rooms of an office area in an educational building in Vienna, Austria. Thirty participants independently evaluated this area based on the proposed method and associated protocol. The results point to high degree of congruence between the evaluation results of different participants while judging the principle availability and typology of the control devices. Higher variation was observed in the evaluation of the quality of devices and their interfaces. As a whole, the results suggest that methods similar to the one presented in this contribution may indeed provide an opportunity to extend building performance evaluation procedures beyond energy and cost criteria so as to cover aspects pertaining to user control and satisfaction.

HyperLabels: Browsing of Dense and Hierarchical Molecular 3D Models.

We present a method for the browsing of hierarchical 3D models in which we combine the typical navigation of hierarchical structures in a 2D environment-using clicks on nodes, links, or icons-with a 3D spatial data visualization. Our approach is motivated by large molecular models, for which the traditional single-scale navigational metaphors are not suitable. Multi-scale phenomena, e. g., in astronomy or geography, are complex to navigate due to their large data spaces and multi-level organization. Models from structural biology are in addition also densely crowded in space and scale. Cutaways are needed to show individual model subparts. The camera has to support exploration on the level of a whole virus, as well as on the level of a small molecule. We address these challenges by employing HyperLabels: active labels that-in addition to their annotational role-also support user interaction. Clicks on HyperLabels select the next structure to be explored. Then, we adjust the visualization to showcase the inner composition of the selected subpart and enable further exploration. Finally, we use a breadcrumbs panel for orientation and as a mechanism to traverse upwards in the model hierarchy. We demonstrate our concept of hierarchical 3D model browsing using two exemplary models from meso-scale biology.

Interacting with a Digital Twin using Amazon Alexa

The Digital Twin is an evolving concept with many facets and applications in, for instance, engineering simulation, system control, and product-centric information management. This article focuses on the latter where literature uses the Product Avatar concept to refer to a product’s digital counterpart. Such an avatar used to have one or more graphical interfaces to support user interactions with information about a product item. Over the last few years, voice user interfaces became more mature, and companies, such as Amazon and Google, used them to create digital assistants that support their users during tasks or by taking them over directly. This paper focuses on the hypothesis that a company could use a voice-enabled digital assistant to interact with item-level information. Our study used product tracking and tracing, and quality control in the production as a realistic application case. The design of the assistant bases on the information needs outlined in the Electronic Product Code Information Services (EPCIS) standard. We implemented this design in a small-scale demonstrator on an Echo Show 5 smart speaker with an integrated touch display and an embedded Amazon Alexa assistant. This paper concludes that significant technological barriers, such as low transcription accuracy for object identifier information and the handling of factory noise, remain. A significant non-technological barrier is the mistrust regarding the closed voice assistant technologies from companies, such as Amazon and Google. An approach to address the latter barrier is to use open technologies, such as the privacy-focused assistant Mycroft or Mozilla’s transcription solution DeepSpeech. Further research and experiments with these technologies are useful to identify how they can support the interaction with Digital Twins.

An experience-based interactive lighting design approach using BIM and VR: a case study

A lighting condition has a significant influence on humans’ concentration, performance, and eye comfort. A well-designed lighting environment is critical for work efficiency and human health. Lighting design is commonly based on designer’s previous experience and computational lighting simulation results. Although simulations can provide relatively accurate calculation results, several difficulties exist in terms of measuring actual users’ experience and reflecting their feedback into the design. In this traditional approach, users are unable to experience or feel realistic lighting effects until the installation phase. This lack of user experience in the design phase leads to increasing risk of redesign and revision, which are extremely time-consuming and reduce the efficiency of lighting design. Therefore, it is necessary to minimize the gap between the lighting design and users’ satisfaction. This research aims to enhance visualization of lighting design and thus improve the design efficiency by developing a real-time interactive lighting design approach using building information modeling (BIM) and virtual reality (VR) technologies. By integrating these technologies, the proposed approach is able to support user interactions, actual activities simulation, and personalized lighting design. In addition, the proposed approach can provide users with immersive and sensory experiences to evaluate their lighting design alternatives. The whole process of the approach includes 3D modeling in Revit, texture mapping in 3ds Max, simulation analysis in DIALux, and interactions development and VR realization in Unity. A case study was conducted to implement and validate the proposed approach. In this case study, users were able to experience realistic lighting effects and provide their feedback for improving the design in a sensory way while lighting simulation was automatically conducted simultaneously. The approach enables better user experience and provides a practical way to apply BIM and VR technologies to improve the efficiency of real-time interactive lighting design.

Immersive VR Theater with Multi-device Interaction and Efficient Multi-user Collaboration

The virtual reality (VR) theater typically supports users to interact in an immersive virtual environment. In this paper, we propose the architecture and implementation of a VR theater system supporting multi-device interaction and multi-user collaboration. In our study, the system is equipped with a large cylindrical screen to display immersive stereo virtual scene and several types of interactive devices, including multiple degrees of freedom platform, simulation gun and smart phone, to support user interaction. To improve efficiency of user collaboration, the users are divided into two groups assigned with different interactive tasks, allowing them to collaborate with each other.

Characterizing and exploring users' task completion process at different stages in learning related tasks

ABSTRACTThis study explored user interactions when accomplishing learning related tasks from a new perspective, the process perspective, and examined three main types of user interactions: searching, reading and writing behaviors. The goal is to characterize how users' searching, reading, and writing interactions change at different stages, and explore what contextual factors are related to the task completion process. A user experiment with thirty‐two participants was conducted, and each participant was asked to work on two types of learning tasks: receptive tasks and critical tasks. For data analysis, we calculated the percentage of searching time, reading time and writing time during four stages, to characterize users' task completion process. Our results demonstrated that users' reading efforts were evenly distributed at four stages; half of their searching efforts were devoted at the first stage and writing efforts were mainly spent at the last stage. In addition, we also found task type and users' cognitive style had significant effects on users' searching, reading, writing process, and their writing efforts in the first stage were correlated to the quality of learning outcome. This study took the process perspective to characterize user interactions at different stages, and this perspective provides us a more comprehensive picture of user interactions and has implications for the design of search systems to fully support user interactions and their task completion process.

HistoryViewer

Visual analytics applications (VAApps) rely heavily on visual representations and notations to communicate information and support user interaction. The visual representations themselves are the main communication form used by designers, reflecting their interpretation of what data aspects should be highlighted and how users can explore the data. Ultimately, the combination of representation and interactivity guides the user's data analysis in VAApp. To keep the VAApp development centered in their users, the design team must pay special attention to the visual representations and their underlying interaction mechanisms. Our team is developing HistoryViewer, a VAApp itself for users to explore log data obtained from interactions with other ("source") VAApps (VAAppsrc). During the development of HistoryViewer and the instrumentation of a VAAppsrc, we noticed unanticipated benefits for the development of the VAAppsrc itself. This paper presents our HistoryViewer system, proposes an architecture for VAApps integrated with our log model, discussing some ancillary benefits of such instrumentation. Finally, it reports two empirical studies conducted to gather potential users' opinions about HistoryViewer, which revealed positive attitudes towards the system and pointed to opportunities for improvement.

A Scalable Solution for Interactive Near Video-on-Demand Systems

The required real-time and high-rate transfer of multimedia data limits the numbers of requests that can be concurrently serviced by video-on-demand (VOD) systems. Resource-sharing techniques can be used to address this scalability challenge, but they greatly complicate the efficient support for interactive operations. We develop an overall solution for interactive near VOD systems that employ resource sharing. The proposed solution supports user interactions with short response times and low rejection probabilities. The solution includes a novel stream provisioning policy, which dynamically determines the best number of I-Streams (unicast streams for supporting interactive requests) and the maximum I-Stream length that can be allocated by the server. Furthermore, we use a sophisticated client-side cache management policy to maximize the percentage of interactive requests serviced from the client’s own cache. We study the system using realistic workload through extensive simulation.

Cabinet Tree: an orthogonal enclosure approach to visualizing and exploring big data

Abstract Treemaps are well-known for visualizing hierarchical data. Most related approaches have been focused on layout algorithms and paid little attention to other display properties and interactions. Furthermore, the structural information in conventional Treemaps is too implicit for viewers to perceive. This paper presents Cabinet Tree, an approach that: i) draws branches explicitly to show relational structures, ii) adapts a space-optimized layout for leaves and maximizes the space utilization, iii) uses coloring and labeling strategies to clearly reveal patterns and contrast different attributes intuitively. We also apply the continuous node selection and detail window techniques to support user interaction with different levels of the hierarchies. Our quantitative evaluations demonstrate that Cabinet Tree achieves good scalability for increased resolutions and big datasets.

On the Usability and Effectiveness of Different Interaction Types in Augmented Reality

One of the key challenges of augmented reality (AR) interfaces is to design effective hand-based interaction supported by computer vision. Hand-based interaction requires free-hands tracking to support user interaction in AR for which this article presents a novel approach. This approach makes it possible to compare different types of hand-based interaction in AR for navigating using a spatial user interface. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of a study with 25 subjects indicate that tangible interaction is the preferred type of interaction with which to determine the position of the user interface in AR and to physically point to a preferred option for navigation in augmented reality.

Bytecode instrumentation mechanism for monitoring mobile application information flow

Mobile applications are monitored for performance check or tested for error correctness in respect of particular security properties. The more sensitive the information such as credit card, personal medical and private information processed by mobile app, the more important to observe and check the flow of the information during mobile app execution. Monitoring untrusted mobile app to verify there is no information flow during the runtime of mobile app in an environment, where critical information are existed, are very difficult. This paper concerned with the observation of information flow of untrusted mobile app at runtime. The paper presents first part Observe points of framework called observing untrusted app execution to control information flow with the aim of supporting user interaction to change app behaviour. This paper presents all necessary instrumentation algorithms of Java bytecode and discusses the prototype implementation of new bytecode instrumentation mechanism for observing information flow during runtime.

Mobile technology-enhanced asset maintenance in an SME

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to develop a prototype system to demonstrate the potential benefits of deploying mobile technology to enhance asset maintenance processes in a small food manufacturing plant.Design/methodology/approach– Design, development and deployment of a solution using open-source resources aimed at demonstrating improved asset maintenance functionality to principal stakeholders in a food manufacturing plant.Findings– The development of a prototype system supporting user interaction via a mobile phone demonstrates the potential benefits of more flexible data capture and improved information management which offer clear advantages over the limitations imposed by a stand-alone terminal.Research limitations/implications– The solution was developed as a prototype. In this respect it serves to illustrate system benefits but more work is needed to extend system functionality.Practical implications– Issues concerning data security and questions surrounding a suitable deployment platform would need to be addressed in deploying this technology.Originality/value– The research demonstrates that mobile technology can successfully be utilised to enhance asset maintenance in a small manufacturing plant by improving data capture and information management. These initiatives are likely to be of interest to other SMEs seeking to enhance asset maintenance processes.

Web-based spatiotemporal simulation modeling and visualization of tsunami inundation and potential human response

Modeling spatiotemporal phenomena can provide insight into potential behavior of simulated objects during hypothetical events. Simulation frameworks can be a useful method of modeling these scenarios, and become more flexible when developed in a fashion that facilitates automated generation of output based on variable input parameters. By connecting a simulation framework to a web-based system, a user can assign input parameters of their choosing, run a simulation, and explore the output data in a dynamic, animated, map-based context using a standard web browser. The framework described here utilizes tsunami simulation data and user input to generate a combined web-based visualization and simulation model of human response to tsunami inundation. Input parameters pertaining to human population and community of interest are provided by the user and guide automated development of a simulation model scenario of spatiotemporal human response to a hypothetical tsunami inundation event. Simulated human movement is calculated at each time step using casualty model algorithms informed by behavioral research and variables such as water depth and road networks, while a mix of server-side and client-side code renders the mapping interface and supports user interaction within the web browser. Interactive controls included in the web-based simulation viewer allow the user to manipulate the map display and query underlying data either manually by time step or interactively while animation is underway. Although modeling of human movement has inherent limitations, integration of a formal casualty model with the automated simulation framework represents a unique quantitative approach for casualty determination and simulation modeling.