Supportive Learning Environment Research Articles

Navigating the paradox: Exploring resident experiences of vulnerability.

Learning and growth in postgraduate medical education (PGME) often require vulnerability, defined as a state of openness to uncertainty, risk, and emotional exposure. However, vulnerability can threaten a resident's credibility and professional identity. Despite this tension, studies examining vulnerability in PGME are limited. As such, this study aims to explore residents' experiences of vulnerability, including the factors that influence vulnerability in PGME. Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 residents from 10 different specialities. Interview transcripts were coded and analysed iteratively. Themes were identified and relationships among themes were examined to develop a theory describing vulnerability in PGME. Residents characterised vulnerability as a paradox represented by two overarching themes. 'Experiencing the tensions of vulnerability' explores the polarities between being a fallible, authentic learner and an infallible, competent professional. 'Navigating the vulnerability paradox' outlines the factors influencing the experience of vulnerability and its associated outcomes at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and systems levels. Residents described needing to have the bandwidth to face the risks and emotional labour of vulnerability. Opportunities to build connections with social agents, including clinical teachers and peers, facilitated vulnerability. The sociocultural context shaped both the experience and outcomes of vulnerability as residents faced the symbolic mask of professionalism. Residents experience vulnerability as a paradox shaped by intrapersonal, interpersonal, and systems level factors. These findings capture the nuance and complexity of vulnerability in PGME and offer insight into creating supportive learning environments that leverage the benefits of vulnerability while acknowledging its risks. There is a need to translate this understanding into systems-based change to create supportive PGME environments, which value and celebrate vulnerability.

부모의 학습지원과 지지적 학교환경이 초등학생의 학습태도에 미치는 영향

Objectives The purposes of this study were to specify variables related to convergence competency, and to ana-lyze the structural relationships among them. The purposes of this study were to specify variables related to con-vergence competency, and to analyze the structural relationships among them. Methods In this study, 1,145 children who responded to all related variables in the 12th and 13th data of the Korean Children's Panel were used as data. The structural equation model was analyzed to understand the struc-tural relationship between each variable, and the direct and indirect effects were verified through this. In addition, the mediating effect was verified using bootstrapping. Results There was no significant relationship between parents' learning support and elementary school students' learning attitude, and there was a positive relationship between the supportive school environment and learning attitude. Grit showed a complete mediating effect in the effect of parental learning support on learning attitude, and Grit showed a partial mediating effect in the effect of supportive school environment on learning attitude. Conclusions Parents' learning support and supportive environment had a positive effect on Grit, which improved the learning attitude. This study is expected to help parents, who are interested in their children's learning, support direction and school environment by examining the influence and path of parents‘, school variables and grit that can positively affect learning attitudes.

Potential relations between psychological capital, subjective well-being, and academic adjustment among students with learning disabilities: the value of academic support centres

ABSTRACT We investigated the correlations between psychological capital (PsyCap) and academic adjustment in students with learning disabilities (LD), with a focus on the mediating role of subjective well-being (SWB). We compared LD students receiving support from academic centres to those not receiving support and analysed the disparities in PsyCap, SWB, and academic adjustment. We found significant correlations between PsyCap and both academic adjustment and SWB in LD students. There was a notable disparity in PsyCap, SWB, and academic adjustment between LD students with and without academic centre support. We also discovered a mediating effect of SWB in the relationship between PsyCap and academic adjustment. The findings underscore the importance of PsyCap to academic adjustment and well-being in LD students. Interventions aimed at increasing PsyCap should simultaneously focus on improving SWB to more effectively support LD students in their academic endeavours. The findings suggest the need for educational institutions to provide integrated support systems addressing both academic and psychological needs. The study contributes to understanding the dynamics between psychological resources, well-being, and academic success in LD students. It advocates for inclusive educational policies that integrate psychological support with academic assistance, fostering a more supportive learning environment for LD students.

Empowering Art and Design Education via a Flexible Curriculum

This concept paper explores the need to apply a more flexible and personalized curriculum approach in art and design education. This approach aims to foster student creativity, empower learning freedom, and focus on the uniqueness of individual students. Literature highlights reveal several weaknesses in the conventional curriculum such as flexibility, emphasis on technical aspects, and a lack of interdisciplinary. Reforms in art education need to emphasize the integration of other disciplines, technology, and creative elements in the learning approach. A rigid curriculum structure can hinder the development of creativity and innovation. Therefore, students need more space to explore alternative and creative approaches in learning art and design. Self-directed learning has a huge positive impact on creative thinking and problemsolving skills, gives students the freedom to pursue their interests and inclinations, improves resilience, and encourages innovative thinking. A balance between student autonomy and educational goals is important. Students need to understand the learning objectives and be given the opportunity to choose a project that interests them. Formative assessment, a supportive learning environment, and collaboration between students are essential in achieving this balance. Taking into account the above recommendations, art and design education can become more dynamic, relevant, and can foster creativity and innovation among students. This is important in facing the era of advancing globalization and rapid digitalization. Therefore, a more flexible and student-centered curriculum approach is a positive step in advancing art and design education. Keywords: art education, flexible curriculum, student creativity, self-learning and educational innovation

Examining students' acceptance of the large‐scale HyFlex course: An empirical study

AbstractThe HyFlex course has been widely adopted in higher education settings. However, there is a paucity of empirical studies examining students' acceptance of large‐scale HyFlex courses, as well as factors influencing their acceptance. To fill this research gap, the present study investigated students' acceptance of a large‐scale HyFlex course and the variations in their acceptance according to different participation modes (ie, on‐site, synchronously online and mixed attendance), based on a total of 160 valid samples from a large‐scale HyFlex course at a normal university in central China during the fall semester of 2022. The results indicated that students' overall HyFlex course acceptance was generally high, and the students who alternately engaged in on‐site and synchronously online learning had the highest level of acceptance. Furthermore, this study employed structural equation modelling to validate a model integrating the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology with connected classroom climate (CCC). The findings showed that performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy, facilitating conditions and CCC directly influenced students' acceptance, with performance expectancy having the strongest direct effect. However, social influence only had an indirect effect on students' acceptance, while CCC had both direct and indirect effects. This study carries substantial theoretical and practical implications, enhancing our understanding of students' acceptance of the HyFlex learning approach.Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic The adoption of the HyFlex course, especially in the context of large‐scale courses, is prevalent in higher education settings. Existing studies have predominately focused on assessing the impact of HyFlex course on student engagement and learning outcomes, the development and implementation of HyFlex course structures, and educators' perspectives and experiences with HyFlex courses. Although some research has delved into students' satisfaction with HyFlex courses, particularly in small class settings, our understanding of students' acceptance of large‐scale HyFlex course remains limited. There has been a noticeable gap in investigations exploring distinctions among students who opt for varying HyFlex course delivery modes, such as on‐site, synchronously online and mixed attendance formats. What this paper adds This study reveals that students generally displayed a high level of acceptance towards the large‐scale HyFlex course. Notably, students who participated in alternating on‐site and synchronously online learning exhibited a significantly higher level of acceptance towards the HyFlex course compared to their counterparts. A novel approach was employed in this study by integrating the UTAUT model with the concept of connected classroom climate (CCC) to comprehensively explore the key influencing factors and their interrelationships regarding students' acceptance of a large‐scale HyFlex course. The study found that performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), facilitating conditions (FC) and CCC were all significant factors that positively influenced students' acceptance of the HyFlex course. Particularly, PE emerged as the factor with the strongest direct impact on HyFlex course acceptance (ACP). Interestingly, social influence (SI) did not exhibit a significant direct effect on students' ACP. However, it had a significant and positive indirect effect on students' ACP through the mediation of PE. Furthermore, CCC was shown to have both direct and indirect effects on students' acceptance of the HyFlex course, with the indirect effect of CCC on ACP accounted for nearly half of the total effect. Implications for practice and/or policy Instructors should prioritize emphasizing the advantages and benefits of HyFlex courses to enhance students' motivation and willingness to participate actively in these courses. This may involve showcasing how HyFlex course offer flexibility, convenience and varied learning opportunities. When implementing HyFlex courses, instructors should work to mitigate students' perceived EE. This could be achieved through streamlining course navigation, ensuring user‐friendly technology tools and providing clear guidelines for participation. Simultaneously, efforts should be made to enhance perceived learning support to facilitate students' engagement and acceptance of HyFlex courses. Instructors in HyFlex course settings should place a strong emphasis on creating a supportive and collaborative learning environment. This involves fostering interactions among students, encouraging peer‐to‐peer support and providing resources and guidance to help students navigate the challenges and opportunities presented by HyFlex course formats. Building a sense of community and connectedness among students can significantly impact their acceptance and success in such courses.

Physics Education for Special Needs Students: A Descriptive Analysis

This essay examines the difficulties and possibilities involved in teaching physics to students with special needs. It talks about how important it is for physics courses to use inclusive pedagogies and teaching practices that are designed to meet the different needs of their students. The study looks at different strategies for modifying physics curricula, instructional strategies, and assessment procedures to fit the needs of students with special needs. It does this by reviewing relevant literature and doing empirical research. It draws attention to how important collaborative learning settings, assistive technology, and customized instruction are to ensuring that all students have equitable access to physics education. The report also addresses how professional development and teacher training might improve teachers' ability to successfully support students with exceptional needs. It highlights how crucial it is to promote policies and cultivate an inclusive culture across physics education communities. This study attempts to provide guidance and insights for educators, policymakers, and stakeholders trying to establish inclusive and supportive learning environments for children with special needs in physics education by combining current research and best practices. It emphasizes how important it is to acknowledge and recognize each learner's unique talents and abilities in order to support their engagement, success, and mastery of physics.

Exploring Writing Anxiety during Writing Process: An Analysis of Perceptions in Chinese English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Learners

Writing anxiety has been identified as a significant obstacle for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners in China, with previous studies indicating that it can negatively affect writing performance. Despite this, most research on writing anxiety in the Chinese EFL context has focused on the relationship between writing anxiety and writing performance, with limited attention paid to exploring writing anxiety during the writing process and its sources in depth. This study applied a qualitative method to explore Chinese EFL learners’ writing anxiety in the writing process. Thematic analysis was used for analyzing data collected through semi-structured interviews with 18 Chinese EFL learners. The results revealed seven primary themes, including lack of knowledge about the writing topic, inexperience with the genre, challenges with brainstorming or coming up with ideas, trouble with structuring or arranging information, difficulty with integrating sources, linguistic difficulty, and negative or no feedback from instructors. The findings indicated that writing anxiety accompanies throughout the writing process. EFL learners need strategies to alleviate writing anxiety, including clear instructions on how to approach writing tasks, provision of appropriate resources, individualized feedback, and a supportive learning environment.

Teachers' Efforts to Overcome Bullying Cases in the School Environment: Effective Steps to Curb Bullying Behavior

The role of teachers is very important in stemming bullying cases in the school environment. This study aims to investigate the efforts made by teachers in overcoming bullying cases in the school environment. Through a descriptive qualitative approach and in-depth interviews via Whatsapp, this research was conducted at Fathona Pakjo Integrated Islamic School Palembang. The research findings show that teachers who successfully address bullying cases have taken effective steps, such as identification of bullying cases using clear indicators, implementation of anti-bullying programs involving students and school staff, and collaboration with other parties such as parents and authorities. The results of this study have important implications in fostering an understanding of teachers' efforts in addressing bullying cases in the school environment, and can serve as a reference for schools and teachers in developing effective strategies to prevent and address bullying, with the aim of creating a safe and supportive learning environment for all students. Important implications include more targeted teacher training and the development of student education programs on empathy and inclusiveness for more effective anti-bullying policies. This conclusion is expected to encourage further research and assist schools in formulating more comprehensive strategies in addressing bullying issues.

Home Visit Berbasis Cooperative Learning untuk Meningkatkan Optimalisasi Pembelajaran Matematika

Home Visit Berbasis Cooperative Learning untuk Meningkatkan Optimalisasi Pembelajaran Matematika

Epistemological Implications of Radical Skepticism

Purpose: The general objective of this study was to explore the epistemological implications of radical skepticism. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to epistemological implications of radical skepticism. Preliminary empirical review revealed that the pervasive influence of skepticism on individuals' perceptions and decision-making processes, leading to feelings of anxiety and uncertainty but also empowerment and critical thinking skills. The findings emphasized the importance of promoting transparency, accountability, and public engagement in scientific discourse, as well as the need for supportive learning environments and cultural sensitivity in addressing epistemological uncertainty. Overall, the study highlighted the complex nature of skepticism and underscored the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and ethical decision-making in navigating epistemological challenges. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Constructivism theory, Social Constructionism theory and the Pragmatism theory may be used to anchor future studies on radical skepticism. The research contributed theoretical insights into knowledge formation and psychological responses to skepticism, offering practical recommendations for educators, policymakers, and practitioners. Policy recommendations emphasized the importance of promoting transparency and accountability in governance, while practical suggestions focused on fostering critical thinking skills and media literacy among the public. The study also identified avenues for future research, encouraging interdisciplinary collaborations and comparative studies across cultural contexts. Overall, the study offered a comprehensive examination of skepticism's impact and potential strategies for mitigating its effects. Keywords: Epistemological, Implications, Radical Skepticism, Education, Media Literacy, Governance, Psychological Responses, Interdisciplinary, Comparative Studies, Transparency, Accountability

Teachers’ motivating styles and students’ agentic engagement in online learning

Facing the growing popularity of autonomous online learning, students require more agentic engagement (AE) to construct a supportive learning environment for themselves. Existing studies based on self-determination theory (SDT) state that teachers’ motivating style can predict students’ engagement, and students’ competence beliefs can moderate the predicting effect. However, few studies have discussed the correlation between teaching motivating styles and AE in middle- and high-school online courses, considering the students’ self-regulated learning (SRL) ability as a moderator. To address this gap, this study examined the effect of autonomy-supportive motivating style (ASMS) and controlling motivating style (CMS) on AE, taking into account students’ SRL ability as a potential moderator. A total of 425 valid questionnaires were collected to evaluate the model. The results revealed that teachers’ ASMS positively predicted students’ AE; CMS positively predicted students’ AE; and SRL ability positively predicted AE. However, SRL ability did not significantly moderate the correlation between teachers’ motivating styles and AE. These findings provide educators with insights into how to improve students’ AE, and suggest that teachers should be involved as much as possible in online teaching interactions, and explore strategies to enhance the effectiveness of students’ AE.

LIVED EXPERIENCES OF RECEIVING TEACHERS IN HANDLING BEHAVIORAL ISSUES OF STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS

This qualitative phenomenological study provides a comprehensive exploration of the challenges, strategies; coping mechanisms, and insights experienced by receiving teachers in addressing behavioral issues among students with special needs in inclusive education settings. Through in-depth focus group discussions with five receiving teachers from Island Garden City of Samal, Davao Del Norte, the study exposes the real struggle and complexities of managing diverse behavioral concerns. The thematic analysis uncovers the intricate web of both academic obstacles and behavioral manifestations, prompting the development and implementation of tailored strategies, including individualized behavior plans and collaborative problem-solving approaches. Moreover, the study highlights the vital role of coping mechanisms, such as seeking support from colleagues and prioritizing self-care practices amidst the demanding educational landscape. The insights gleaned from teachers lived experiences underscore the transformative potential of empathy, adaptability, and inclusive teaching methodologies. Ultimately, the research advocates for targeted professional development initiatives and collaborative support networks to empower receiving teachers to effectively navigate the unique challenges presented by students with special needs, especially students with behavioral issues. By promoting inclusive and supportive learning environments, this study contributes significantly to the enhancement of special education practices and resources. KEYWORDS: Special Education, Behavioral Issues, Receiving teachers, research, teaching, Inclusive Education, and special education practices.

Classroom Experiences of International Students in Canadian Postsecondary Education

The aim of this paper is to examine the classroom experiences of 12 international students in a Canadian postsecondary institution. The literature related to this purpose shows that many international students are challenged by the English language proficiency needed for analytical classroom discussion, and they are often confused by Westernize student-centric learning tactics such as oral presentations and open-ended assignments. Grounded within qualitative phenomenological research, our study documents the lived classroom experiences of international students and how they interpret social learning exchanges. Based on semi-structured individual interviews, the findings reflected three main themes. First, international students faced challenges with deciphering the English language of local students and teachers. Also, they struggled with the quick response time needed for classroom discussions. Second, many international students were frustrated with mandated group work. Many students felt discriminated against by their group members; other students experienced unbalanced workloads when completing collaborative assignments. Finally, students experienced a steep learning curve regarding the Westernize student-centric approach to learning. For example, many students were intimidated by creative assignments and the associated lack of direction provided by the instructor. The findings of this research are analyzed via Bandura’s social cognitive theory, which dictates that effective learning is dependent upon personal agency (one’s actions), proxy agency (the environmental resources), and collective agency (group dynamics). Currently worldwide, burgeoning numbers of international students are streaming into Western postsecondary institutions accentuating the need for this research. These institutions have an ethical and financial obligation to supply high quality education to international students. However, to provide a supportive learning environment, instructors, administrators, and educational policymakers need to be knowledgeable of the learning experiences of international students and adjust their institutional culture and pedagogical tendencies to best suit the needs of these students.

Classroom Experiences of International Students in Canadian Postsecondary Education

The aim of this paper is to examine the classroom experiences of 12 international students in a Canadian postsecondary institution. The literature related to this purpose shows that many international students are challenged by the English language proficiency needed for analytical classroom discussion, and they are often confused by Westernize student-centric learning tactics such as oral presentations and open-ended assignments. Grounded within qualitative phenomenological research, our study documents the lived classroom experiences of international students and how they interpret social learning exchanges. Based on semi-structured individual interviews, the findings reflected three main themes. First, international students faced challenges with deciphering the English language of local students and teachers. Also, they struggled with the quick response time needed for classroom discussions. Second, many international students were frustrated with mandated group work. Many students felt discriminated against by their group members; other students experienced unbalanced workloads when completing collaborative assignments. Finally, students experienced a steep learning curve regarding the Westernize student-centric approach to learning. For example, many students were intimidated by creative assignments and the associated lack of direction provided by the instructor. The findings of this research are analyzed via Bandura’s social cognitive theory, which dictates that effective learning is dependent upon personal agency (one’s actions), proxy agency (the environmental resources), and collective agency (group dynamics). Currently worldwide, burgeoning numbers of international students are streaming into Western postsecondary institutions accentuating the need for this research. These institutions have an ethical and financial obligation to supply high quality education to international students. However, to provide a supportive learning environment, instructors, administrators, and educational policymakers need to be knowledgeable of the learning experiences of international students and adjust their institutional culture and pedagogical tendencies to best suit the needs of these students.

Transforming academic librarianship through AI reskilling: Insights from the GPT-4 exploration program

The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in academic librarianship necessitates a corresponding evolution in librarians' competencies. This case study examines the GPT-4 Exploration Program at the University of New Mexico's College of University Libraries and Learning Sciences, which aimed to foster a culture of continuous learning and innovation by providing hands-on experience with advanced AI technology. Drawing on Malcolm Knowles' Adult Learning Principles, the program's structure and implementation are analyzed, highlighting the diverse range of projects undertaken by participants. The study reveals that effective AI reskilling involves cultivating a culture of continuous learning, adaptability, and collaborative exploration, anchored in a practical, hands-on approach. Participants reported significant improvements in AI literacy and confidence in applying AI tools to their work. The program's success demonstrates the potential of well-structured reskilling initiatives in empowering library professionals to navigate the evolving landscape of AI in academic libraries. The case study offers insights and strategies for other academic libraries seeking to develop AI reskilling initiatives, emphasizing the importance of fostering a supportive learning environment, addressing technical and ethical challenges, and ensuring the long-term sustainability of such programs. The GPT-4 Exploration Program serves as a blueprint for integrating AI into library services and operations.

BOOK REVIEW: SOCIAL LEADERSHIP IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND CARE: AN INTRODUCTION

Social leadership in early childhood education and care refers to the ability of educators to guide and promote positive social behaviors in young children, as well as create a supportive learning environment that fosters cooperation and empathy. It involves using a range of strategies and techniques to help children develop social skills, self-regulation, and emotional intelligence. Social leadership in early childhood education and care is an essential factor in supporting positive social and emotional development in young children in the UK. According to a study by Breslin and colleagues (2019), effective social leadership involves creating a supportive and inclusive learning environment, promoting positive social behaviors, and using evidence-based strategies to help children develop social skills and emotional intelligence. The study emphasizes the importance of social leadership in improving children’s academic and social outcomes, as well as their long-term well-being. Moreover, the research suggests that social leadership can be especially beneficial in supporting the development of children from disadvantaged backgrounds.

Stumbling blocks of teachers while supporting the learning of students: Observations from case study research

Teachers can influence the learning of students to a greater extent if encounter manageable challenges whereas they are often trapped with situations that reduce their teaching efficacy to a bare minimum. They fail to address their students' academic and non-academic needs because they fail to notice the expressed needs. This situation stimulates the researcher to explore the challenges encountered by the teachers to support the learning of students. The study employed a qualitative research design and case study method was used to explore the perspectives of the participants. The research population consisted of school administrators, school teachers, and students at secondary schools. Purposive sampling technique was used to choose the sample against the predefined criteria. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews, field notes, and notes from document analysis. Triangulation of the collected data resulted in the development of three themes namely extensive subject outline, managing exceptional and behavioural responses. The findings showed that the teachers are experiencing many challenges such as lengthy syllabi, overcrowded classrooms, demanding assessment structures, additional academic responsibilities, and students’ behavioural issues and this is affecting their ability to positively influence the learning of their students. The study suggests that teachers should use their critical thinking skills to analyze their personal and professional challenges and find ways to resolve these issues resulting in creating supportive learning structures in schools for students, and teaching culture for teachers. This study will help school administration understand the barriers faced by teachers in schools and help them find suitable solutions to provide a supportive teaching and learning environment for teachers and students.

Perspectives of Peers as a Microsystem for Supporting Deaf Students in Inclusive Elementary Schools

Peers play a crucial role in facilitating student participation, fostering interaction and unlocking the potential for development, thereby providing an experiential glimpse into living within inclusive or diverse societal settings. This study delves into the perspectives of peers regarding the inclusion of their hearing-impaired counterparts within the classroom microsystem. Focused on the relatively unexplored terrain of typical peers' viewpoints on the presence of hearing-impaired students, this research engages one hundred and twenty-one peers from students with hearing impairments at regular elementary school levels in Banjarbaru City, Indonesia, and their teachers from six classes across different schools. The recruitment process utilized purposive sampling for interviews and a questionnaire, with the gathered data subjected to thematic analysis. Employing the Miles & Huberman model, the data analysis follows a three-fold path encompassing data reduction, presentation, and conclusion/verification. The study underscores the significance of peer management within the microsystem, highlighting its role in aiding the development of proximal zones in the classroom for students with hearing impairments. Drawing from the findings, the study recommends two key interventions. Firstly, teachers are encouraged to foster understanding among peers about hearing-impaired students through targeted learning activities, thereby transforming the microsystem into a supportive environment. Secondly, within the classroom microsystem, both teachers and peers are urged to establish a common language applicable to all elements of the class. This concerted effort aims to enhance communication and interaction, fostering an inclusive and supportive learning environment for all students.

Manajemen Guru Pendamping Khusus Di SDN 1.2 Belimbing Raya Kabupaten Tabalong

This research based on the reality in the field where in Tabalong Regency itself there is only one elementary school that provides a Special Assistant Teacher for children with special needs in the implementation of inclusive education, so the existence of GPK itself is very difficult to find. The role of GPK in implementation of inclusive education is very important because it is an integral part and supporting pillar in the success of inclusive education. The management of GPK is the same as the management of regular educators but there are some things that need to be considered, given their job is to accompany children with special needs. This research aims to find out how the management of special assistant teachers at SDN 1.2 Belimbing Raya. This is field research with a qualitative approach. The conclusion is that the existence of GPK supports the success of students with special needs not only in improving individual student learning experiences, but also helps create an inclusive and supportive learning environment for all children. Correct management of GPK is very important in ensuring that inclusive education runs effectively and comprehensively. Therefore, appropriate selection and placement, training and professional development, team collaboration, monitoring and evaluation, as well as open and clear communication. Considering the importance of GPK, it would be better for this GPK to have a psychology education background in special needs education.

Approaches for sustainable professional skill development for vocational education students in Thailand

Background This article presents a research study that aims to explore sustainable approaches for developing professional skills in vocational education students in Thailand. This is the second phase of the research, which utilizes a qualitative research methodology. Methodology The key informants in this study are administrators of vocational education institutions, teachers, and students currently enrolled in vocational education institutions in Thailand, totaling 36 participants. The research uses a purposive sampling method and snowball sampling method. Data collection methods include document analysis, in-depth structured interviews, and observation. The results of the interviews are analyzed, and the content analysis is summarized. The research process consists of 4 steps: 1) literature review, 2) data collection, 3) data analysis, and 4) verification and confirmation. Results The research findings highlight several key considerations, including: 1) factors influencing the development of professional skills among vocational education students, such as curriculum design, support and counseling, practical training in workplaces, interactive learning, problem-solving and analytical thinking skills development, practical learning, and supportive learning environments, 2) approaches for sustainable professional skill development involve employing the appropriate approaches for self-development. The steps include setting clear goals and plans, active learning and training, technology skill development, experiential learning, problem-solving skill development, participation in professional activities, self-reflection, and continuous self-improvement. Conclusion These approaches aim to enhance the competencies of vocational education students, ensuring quality and efficiency as part of lifelong learning and sustainable development.