Support Patient Self-management Research Articles

Efficacy of Integrating the Management of Pain and Addiction via Collaborative Treatment (IMPACT) in Individuals With Chronic Pain and Opioid Use Disorder: Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial of a Digital Cognitive Behavioral Treatment.

Chronic pain is common among individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) who are maintained on medications for OUD (MOUD; eg, buprenorphine or methadone). Chronic pain is associated with worse retention and higher levels of substance use. Treatment of individuals with chronic pain receiving MOUD can be challenging due to their increased clinical complexity. Given the acute and growing nature of the opioid crisis, MOUD is increasingly offered in a wide range of settings, where high-quality, clinician-delivered, empirically validated behavioral treatment for chronic pain may not be available. Therefore, digital treatments that support patient self-management of chronic pain and OUD have the potential for wider implementation to fill this gap. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Integrating the Management of Pain and Addiction via Collaborative Treatment (IMPACT), an interactive digital treatment program with asynchronous coach feedback, compared to treatment as usual (TAU) in individuals with chronic pain and OUD receiving MOUD. Adult participants (n=160) receiving MOUD and reporting bothersome or high-impact chronic pain will be recruited from outpatient opioid treatment programs in Connecticut (United States) and randomized 1:1 to either IMPACT+TAU or TAU only. Participants randomized to IMPACT+TAU will complete an interactive digital treatment that includes 9 modules promoting training in pain and addiction coping skills and a progressive walking program. The program is augmented with a weekly personalized voice message from a trained coach based on daily participant-reported pain intensity and interference, craving to use opioids, sleep quality, daily steps, pain self-efficacy, MOUD adherence, and engagement with IMPACT collected through digital surveys. Outcomes will be assessed at 3, 6, and 9 months post randomization. The primary outcome is MOUD retention at 3 months post randomization (ie, post treatment). Secondary outcomes include pain interference, physical functioning, MOUD adherence, substance use, craving, pain intensity, sleep disturbance, pain catastrophizing, and pain self-efficacy. Semistructured qualitative interviews with study participants (n=34) randomized to IMPACT (completers and noncompleters) will be conducted to evaluate the usability and quality of the program and its outcomes. The study has received institutional review board approval and began recruitment at 1 site in July 2022. Recruitment at a second site started in January 2023, with a third and final site anticipated to begin recruitment in January 2024. Data collection is expected to continue through June 2025. Establishing efficacy for a digital treatment for addiction and chronic pain that can be integrated into MOUD clinics will provide options for individuals with OUD, which reduce barriers to behavioral treatment. Participant feedback on the intervention will inform updates or modifications to improve engagement and efficacy. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05204576; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05204576. DERR1-10.2196/54342.

Design of a Multiple-Behavior Change Intervention for Supporting Self-management in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: An Intervention Mapping Approach.

Nonadherence to medication and low physical activity contribute to morbidity, mortality, and decreased quality of life among patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Effective interventions that can be delivered during routine clinical care are lacking. We aimed to adapt the feasible and cost-effective Adherence Improving self-Management Strategy (AIMS) for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to CHF treatment. Subsequently, we determined its acceptability and feasibility. Adherence Improving self-Management Strategy is a systematic, nurse-delivered counseling intervention blended with eHealth to facilitate patient self-management. We used the intervention mapping framework to systematically adapt AIMS-HIV to AIMS-CHF, while preserving essential intervention elements. Therefore, we systematically consulted the scientific literature, patients with CHF and nurses, and pretested intervention materials. Adherence Improving self-Management Strategy-HIV was modified to AIMS-CHF: a multiple-behavior change intervention, focused on medication adherence and physical activity. Key self-management determinants (such as attitudes, self-efficacy, and self-regulatory skills) and organization of care (such as specialized nurses delivering AIMS) were similar for HIV and heart failure care. The AIMS protocol, as well as material content and design, was systematically adapted to CHF. Preliminary testing suggests that AIMS-CHF is likely feasible and acceptable to patients with CHF and care providers. Using the intervention mapping protocol, AIMS-HIV could be systematically adapted to AIMS-CHF and seems acceptable and feasible. Evidence from the literature, behavioral theory, and input from nurses and patients were essential in this process. Adherence Improving self-Management Strategy-CHF should now be tested for feasibility and effectiveness in routine care.

Self Management Support for Cardiac Catheterization Patients

Introduction: Cardiac catheterization is an invasive procedure to detect blockages in the coronary arteries. Risk factors can be prevented with self-management support. Self-Management-Support care and support is provided by emphasizing the importance of the patient's central role in managing their own health. Method: This research uses a descriptive design. The research sample was 30 respondents taken based on inclusion criteria using accidental sampling technique. The measuring instrument used is a questionnaire sheet. The analysis used is univariate analysis which aims to describe the frequency distribution to find out the description of Self Management and Support in Cardiac Catheterization Patients. Results: The assessment results for all respondents are in the medium category, namely with a total of 20 respondents (66.7%), Adsive is in the good category, namely with the number 15 respondents (50%), Agree in the good category, namely with a total of 25 respondents (83.3%), Assist in the medium category, namely with a total of 23 respondents (76.7%), and Arrange in the medium category, namely with a total of 15 respondents (50%) . This research suggests that health workers continue to provide self-management support to cardiac catheterization patients to improve patient health.

Nursing Students' Self-Efficacy and Performance in Self-Management Support for Patients in Rural Primary Care.

There is currently no evidence of undergraduate nursing students' self-efficacy and performance in self-management support for chronic diseases in rural primary care. Using the Self-Efficacy and Performance in Self-Management Support instrument, this quasi-experimental study assessed students' self-efficacy and performance in self-management support before and after implementation of a primary care enhanced curriculum. Nursing students ( n = 140) reported a significant increase in total mean scores (pretest, M = 268.01; posttest, M = 289.51), p = .0001. Providing a primary care enhanced curriculum increased nursing students' self-efficacy and performance in self-management support.

Healthcare self-management support of stroke patients after discharge: A conceptual analysis using Rodger's evolutionary approach.

To explore the meaning of healthcare self-management support for post-discharged stroke patients. Rodgers' evolutionary approach was used to identify antecedents, attributes, related terms, surrogate terms and consequences. Literature from 2012 to 2022 was searched from MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Google Scholar. Three antecedents preceded healthcare self-management support for post-discharged stroke patients: loss of inpatient support, preparedness for self-management and presence of self-management support. Healthcare self-management support for post-discharged stroke patients was defined by eight attributes: pre-discharge assessment and planning; provision of continuous education and training; collaborative goal-setting; reinforcement and documentation of vital information; coordination of post-discharge care; provision of rehabilitation support and promoting community reintegration; provision of counselling support; and using clear communication, patient empowerment and promoting self-efficacy. The identified consequences of the concept were as follows: improved patient outcomes; improved life quality; decreased healthcare cost; decreased re-admission rate and inpatient care burden; and decreased complication rate. Healthcare self-management support for post-discharged stroke patients is an emerging concept that can help to significantly improve stroke patients' health outcomes and life quality. However, its applicability is uncertain considering the workload, time and resources available to healthcare professionals. There is a need for future studies to focus on the feasibility and applicability of this concept in clinical practice and to identify any challenges healthcare providers may have in supporting stroke patients after discharge. This concept analysis brings clarity to the concept of healthcare self-management support of post-discharged stroke patients and distinguishes it from other self-management supports. It provides an opportunity for further studies and a pathway for generalized healthcare self-management support for stroke patients after discharge to improve health outcomes and quality of life. No patients, service users, caregivers or members of the public were involved in conducting this concept analysis.

Research on the control rate of hypertension under family physician-contracted service

BackgroundHypertension is one of the global public health problems. Family physician-contracted service (FPCS) is widely used in the health management of hypertension patients in China. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of FPCS on hypertension control.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Network, Chinese Scientific and Technological Journal Database (CQVIP), and Wanfang Database were searched for randomized controlled trials related to family physician-contracted service and hypertension control effect, and meta-analysis was performed on the literature meeting the inclusion criteria. The source of heterogeneity was discovered by meta-regression, and it was further investigated by subgroup analysis. The risk difference (RD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were utilized as effect values. Evaluations of publication bias and sensitivity analysis were also conducted.ResultsA total of 46 studies were included, and the pooled RD suggested that FPCS could effectively improve the control rate by 19% (RD = 0.19; 95%CI: 0.16–0.21; P < 0.001; I2 = 59.3%). The average age (β = 0.28; P = 0.05) and the intervention mode (β = 0.36; P < 0.001) were found to be heterogeneous sources by the meta-regression. According to subgroup analysis, the hypertension control rates of the elderly and working-age population in the experimental group were 93.6% and 90.1%, respectively; the control rates of the “family physician” mode (FP), “family physician + patient” mode (FPP) and “family physician + patient + family member” mode (FPPF) in the experimental group were 90.1%, 94.4%, and 92.6%, respectively. The sensitivity analysis revealed steady results, with no discernible publication bias.ConclusionsThe FPCS is beneficial to the control of hypertension. The control effect is influenced by average age and intervention mode. The control effect of hypertension in the elderly is better than that in the working-age population, and FPP and FPPF are more beneficial to the management of hypertension than FP. The quality and continuity of FPCS should receive more focus in the future, patient self-management and family support are also essential for managing hypertension.

Supporting self-management for patients with Interstitial Lung Diseases: Utility and acceptability of digital devices.

Patients diagnosed with Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD) use devices to self-monitor their health and well-being. Little is known about the range of devices, selection, frequency and terms of use and overall utility. We sought to quantify patients' usage and experiences with home digital devices, and further evaluate their perceived utility and barriers to adaptation. A team of expert clinicians and patient partners interested in self-management approaches designed a 48-question cross-sectional electronic survey; specifically targeted at individuals diagnosed with ILD. The survey was critically appraised by the interdisciplinary self-management group at Royal Devon University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust during a 6-month validation process. The survey was open for participation between September 2021 and December 2022, and responses were collected anonymously. Data were analysed descriptively for quantitative aspects and through thematic analysis for qualitative input. 104 patients accessed the survey and 89/104 (86%) reported a diagnosis of lung fibrosis, including 46/89 (52%) idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) with 57/89 (64%) of participants diagnosed >3 years and 59/89 (66%) female. 52/65(80%) were in the UK; 33/65 (51%) reported severe breathlessness medical research council MRC grade 3-4 and 32/65 (49%) disclosed co-morbid arthritis or joint problems. Of these, 18/83 (22%) used a hand- held spirometer, with only 6/17 (35%) advised on how to interpret the readings. Pulse oximetry devices were the most frequently used device by 35/71 (49%) and 20/64 (31%) measured their saturations more than once daily. 29/63 (46%) of respondents reported home-monitoring brought reassurance; of these, for 25/63 (40%) a feeling of control. 10/57 (18%) felt it had a negative effect, citing fluctuating readings as causing stress and 'paranoia'. The most likely help-seeking triggers were worsening breathlessness 53/65 (82%) and low oxygen saturation 43/65 (66%). Nurse specialists were the most frequent source of help 24/63 (38%). Conclusion: Patients can learn appropriate technical skills, yet perceptions of home-monitoring are variable; targeted assessment and tailored support is likely to be beneficial.

Self-management Support for Patients with Atopic Dermatitis: A Qualitative Interview Study.

Patients with a chronic skin disease, eg, atopic dermatitis, need self-management skills to increase their quality of life. We explored patients' needs for self-management support from healthcare professionals and how these needs can be met in a dermatology setting. Interpretive description methodology was chosen for iterative data collection and analysis of qualitative interviews with patients with atopic dermatitis. Two mutually dependent themes were found to be supportive of patients' self-management. Personal and disease-related recognition was fundamental to successful support. However, guidance for agenda-setting from healthcare professionals was also needed on the wide range of topics that could be covered in the consultation based on individual needs. Patients need self-management support in addition to what can be found with family, friends, or peers. It is crucial that the support is delivered with an appreciative approach by healthcare professionals with profound knowledge of atopic dermatitis. Equally important is guidance towards agenda-setting, a way to co-construct the consultation with a clear focus on the specific patient's needs.

Supporting patient self-management: A cross-sectional and prospective cohort study investigating Patient Activation Measure (PAM) and Clinician Support for PAM scores as part of a multi-centre haemodialysis breakthrough series collaborative.

Patient self-management, measured by the Patient Activation Measure (PAM), is associated with reduced healthcare utilisation and better health-related quality of life. Self-management in haemodialysis (HD) is challenging and may require support from clinicians with positive attitudes towards self-management, measured by the Clinician Support for PAM (CSPAM). To assess whether kidney staff CSPAM scores are: 1) associated with their centre's patient PAM scores and 2) modifiable through staff coaching. Baseline PAM and CSPAM and six-month CSPAM were collected from HD patients and kidney staff respectively in seven UK kidney centres as part of a six-month breakthrough series collaborative (BTSC), which trained kidney staff in supporting patient independence with HD tasks. Firstly, multivariable linear regression analyses adjusted for patient characteristics were used to test the baseline association between centre-level staff CSPAM scores and patient PAM scores. Secondly, paired univariate and unpaired multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to compare staff CSPAM scores at baseline and six months. 236 PAM questionnaires (mean score = 55.5) and 89 CSPAM questionnaires (median score = 72.6) were analysed at baseline. There was no significant association between centre-level mean CSPAM scores and PAM scores in univariate analyses (P = 0.321). After adjusting for patient-level characteristics, increasing centre-level mean CSPAM score by 1 point resulted in a non-significant 0.3-point increase in PAM score (0.328 (95% CI: -0.157 to 0.812; P = 0.184). Paired (n = 37) and unpaired (n = 174) staff analyses showed a non-significant change in CSPAM scores following the BTSC intervention (mean change in CSPAM score in unpaired analysis = 1.339 (95% CI: -1.945 to 4.623; P = 0.422). Lack of a significant: 1) association between CSPAM and PAM scores and 2) change in CSPAM scores suggest that modifying staff beliefs alone is less likely to influence patient self-management, requiring co-production between patients and staff.

An Epidemiological Study on Diabetes and Pre-Diabetes in an Urban Area with Reference to Lifestyle Modification

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common non-communicable diseases (NCDs) globally. It is the fourth or fifth leading cause of death in most high-income countries and there is substantial evidence that it is an epidemic in newly industrialized and many economically developing countries. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic illness requiring continuous medical care with multifactorial risk reduction strategies beyond glycemic control. Ongoing patient self-management education and support are critical to preventing acute complications and reducing the risk of long-term complications. Genetic factors are responsible for at least some of this. However, as evidenced by the increased incidence of diabetes mellitus in urban populations, the fast epidemiological shift linked to food pattern alterations and decreased physical activity is the main cause of the diabetes mellitus epidemic. Due to population aging, growth, urbanization, a lack of physical exercise, and a high incidence of obesity, there are more persons with DM. Lifestyle factors include eating patterns, exercise routines, alcohol consumption, and smoking. An improvement in these parameters would lead to better adherence to hypoglycemic medications. An epidemiological study on diabetes and pre-diabetes in an urban area with reference to lifestyle modification. A community-based intervention study. It was conducted in an urban area. Personal interviews using a semi-structured, pretested questionnaire were the main technique of data gathering. Detailed information has been taken on the demographic and socio-economic characteristics at both the individual and household levels. All responders provided their willingly given consent. Every second household was visited by systematic random sampling procedure to select 400 respondents. Due to non-response, inaccuracy and/or unreliability of information 50 Cases were not included in the analysis. Four more instances of diabetes were also removed from the research. Finally, analysis was carried out on 346 respondents. All respondents were questioned using a pretested, semi-structured questionnaire after giving their informed consent. Significant difference was observed with positive family history of diabetes, obesity, physical activities in male, high calorie intake, stress, chewable tobacco and blood pressure level with pre-diabetes and diabetes. Compared to responders with normal blood glucose levels, pre-diabetics and diabetics showed more positive family histories. Compared to responders with normal blood glucose levels, pre-diabetics and diabetics were more likely to be overweight. With regard to personal habits of the respondents, smoking was associated with more than 1-fold increase risk of obtaining serum glucose level &gt;110 mg/dl as compared to nonsmokers. The current research was an attempt to examine the effect of intervention with reference to life style modification. From the study, it is evident that overall awareness about diabetes has been found low and no awareness has been found about pre-diabetes. The present study also demonstrated that education is the fundamental tool to make the population aware of their health issues. Awareness about pre-diabetes and diabetes, which can make them beneficial for community and nation and so, they can play an innovative role for prevention of diabetes.

Implementation of blood pressure and blood glucose telemonitoring in the elderly population in primary care practices: a right step towards integrated care?

Background: Arterial hypertension (AH) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) represent a significant burden on the public health system, with an exceptionally high prevalence in patients aged ≥65 years. One of the possible solutions to improve disease outcomes, promote integrated care with high patient engagement and support self-management in patients with AH and T2D at the primary care level is blood pressure and blood glucose telemonitoring.&#x0D; Target Population: Patients aged ≥65 years with AH and T2D &#x0D; Stakeholders Engagement: In designing the intervention, we involved stakeholders at the micro-level (patients, health professionals), meso-level (managers of the included community health centres, representatives of the national association of general practitioners and associations of patients with chronic diseases) and macro-level (representatives of the Medical Faculty and Ministry of Health). &#x0D; Description Of Intervention: We conducted a multicentre, prospective, randomised, controlled pilot study. Patients aged ≥ 65 years with AH and T2D were randomised 1:1 to an mHealth intervention or standard care group. Patients in the intervention group measured their blood pressure twice weekly and their blood glucose once monthly. The readings were synchronously transmitted via a mobile application to the telemonitoring platform, where they were reviewed by a general practitioner who indicated changes in the measurement scheme or performed a teleconsultation. Patients in the control group received standard care. The intervention lasted 12 months.&#x0D; Results Of Intervention: We enrolled 63 patients with a mean age of 71.9 ± 5.0 years, of whom 36 (57.1%) were men. The mean duration of AH was 15.1 ± 11.2 years and that of T2D was 9.1 ± 8.1 years. Mean systolic blood pressure at baseline was 141.2 ± 13.9 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure was 77.8 ± 9.0 mmHg and HbA1c was 7.2 ± 1.2%. At baseline, we found no significant differences between groups in sociodemographic and clinical variables. Compared with standard care, we observed an additional reduction in systolic blood pressure of -9.1 mmHg (95% CI -16.5 to -1.7, p=0.018), diastolic blood pressure of -2.3 mmHg (95% CI -6.1 to 1.4, p=0.215) and HbA1c of -0.7% (95% CI -1.2 to -0.1, p=0.022) in the telemonitoring group after 12 months. The intervention proved feasible and acceptable among included health professionals and patients (qualitative methods). &#x0D; Take-Home Message: Telemonitoring of blood pressure and blood glucose is a feasible, acceptable and clinically effective method of remote care for elderly patients, particularly with regard to systolic blood pressure and blood glucose control in the first 12 months. The major limitation of remote care in elderly remains the lack of skills in using modern technology. To maximise clinical and cost-effective impact, careful patient selection is required (i.e., patients with newly diagnosed disease, poor adherence, poor disease control).&#x0D; Next Steps: For further scale-up and implementation, further research is needed to assess the long-term impact of telemonitoring. Due to the high implementation costs, other applications of telemonitoring could be tested, with telemonitoring serving only as a short-term educational tool in the hands of registered nurses and primary care physicians during more complex health education interventions.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

ACUTE CARE USE FOR OLDER ADULTS WITH DIABETES AND DEMENTIA IN A PRAGMATIC CLINICAL TRIAL OF PANEL MANAGEMENT

Abstract Individuals with diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders (DM-ADRD) face greater self-management challenges, over and under treatment, and more acute care episodes. Enhanced Quality in Primary Care for Elders with Diabetes-ADRD (EQUIPED-ADRD) is a pragmatic randomized controlled trial providing practice guidelines alone (control) compared to practice guidelines plus panel management (intervention) in primary care. Panel management includes patient self-management support and enhanced engagement and support for staff. Thirty-one primary care practices were randomized (14 control versus 17 intervention clinics). We assessed differences in emergency department (ED) use and hospitalizations in individuals with DM-ADRD comparing groups using univariate analysis. Included patients receiving care at randomized clinics were &amp;gt;65 years old, had DM, ADRD, an identified caregiver, and available utilization data. We tracked ED use and hospitalizations over 24 months using electronic health records. Panel management dose was number of phone calls. Among those having utilization data, 177 received panel management versus 349 who did not (total n=526). Patients were predominantly 75-84 years old (41.3%), female (59.9%), and non-Hispanic white (50.9%); 25.9% were Hispanic and 10.7% were non-Hispanic Black. 52.0% (n=92) panel managed patients had ED visits versus 41.8% (n=146) not panel managed [(p=0.027]; Odds Ratio (OR) 1.50; 95%CI: 1.05-2.16). Hospital use did not significantly differ between groups [35.0%; vs. 31.5%, respectively; p=0.418]. Increased panel management dose did not impact acute care use. These findings suggest panel management increases ED use. Whether this is due to greater detection of clinical problems or other issues needing attention requires further investigation.

A health economic analysis of an integrated diabetes care program in China: based on real-world evidence.

An integrated care program was set up in China to improve the collaboration between primary healthcare centers and hospitals on diabetes management. This study aims to evaluate the economic value of this program with real-world data and to examine whether it can be promoted in primary healthcare settings in China. This integrated diabetes care program was implemented in Yuhuan City, China, to coordinate primary care and specialty care, treatment and prevention services, as well as the responsibilities of doctors and nurses. Cost-effectiveness analysis was used to compare the short-term economic value of this program (intervention group) versus usual diabetes management (control group). The cost data were collected from a societal perspective, while the effectiveness indicators pointed to the improvement of control rates of fasting blood glucose (FBG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels after the 1 year intervention. In addition, cost-utility analysis was applied to evaluate the long-term value of the two groups. Patients' long-term diabetes management costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were simulated by the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Outcomes Model 2. The results showed that for 1% FBG, SPB, and DBP control rate improvement, the costs for the intervention group were 290.53, 124.39, and 249.15 Chinese Yuan (CNY), respectively, while the corresponding costs for the control group were 655.19, 610.43, and 1460.25 CNY. Thus, the intervention group's cost-effectiveness ratios were lower than those of the control group. In addition, compared to the control group, the intervention group's incremental costs per QALY improvement were 102.67 thousand CNY, which means that the intervention was cost-effective according to the World Health Organization's standards. In conclusion, this study suggested that this integrated diabetes care program created short-term and long-term economic values through patient self-management support, primary care strengthening, and care coordination. As this program followed the principles of integrated care reform, it can be promoted in China. Also, its elements can provide valuable experience for other researchers to build customized integrated care models.

Understanding the Information Needs of Pharmacy Staff Using CancelRx: A Qualitative Study of the Use of Prescription E-cancellation

BackgroundAlthough electronic prescription cancellation such as via CancelRx can facilitate critical communication between prescribers and pharmacy staff about discontinued medications, there is little work that explores whether CancelRx meets the needs of pharmacy staff users. ObjectiveThis study leverages qualitative interviews with pharmacy staff to address the following question: When medication changes are made by a prescriber using CancelRx, what information is needed by pharmacy staff to make correct and effective decisions in their roles in medication management? MethodsWe conducted an inductive thematic analysis of interviews with 11 pharmacy staff members (pharmacists and pharmacy technicians) across three outpatient community pharmacy sites within an academic health care system. ResultsThree information needs themes were consistently identified by both pharmacists and pharmacy technicians: prescriber intent when initiating the CancelRx, clinical rationale for the medication change, and intended medication regimen. Notably, both pharmacists and pharmacy technicians often reported seeking multiple information needs not fully addressed by CancelRx in the electronic health record (EHR) to achieve the shared goals of correct dispensing of medications and supporting patient self-management. ConclusionsOur qualitative analysis reveals that outpatient community pharmacy staff in an academic health care system often seek additional information from the (EHR) following medication changes communicated by CancelRx to meet their information needs. Ideally, the prescriber would provide sufficient information through CancelRx to automatically identify all discontinued prescriptions. These limitations highlight the need for design features that support routine communication of needed information at the time of a medication change, such as structured data elements.

ChatGPT's potential to support home care for patients in the early period after orthopedic interventions and enhance public health.

This study presents the first investigation into the potential of ChatGPT to provide medical consultation for patients undergoing orthopedic interventions, with the primary objective of evaluating ChatGPT's effectiveness in supporting patient self-management during the essential early recovery phase at home. Seven scenarios, representative of common situations in orthopedics and traumatology, were presented to ChatGPT version 4.0 to obtain advice. These scenarios and ChatGPT̓s responses were then evaluated by 68 expert orthopedists (67 males, 1 female; mean age: 37.9±5.9 years; range, 30 to 59 years), 40 of whom had at least four years of orthopedic experience, while 28 were associate or full professors. Expert orthopedists used a rubric on a scale of 1 to 5 to evaluate ChatGPT's advice based on accuracy, applicability, comprehensiveness, and clarity. Those who gave ChatGPT a score of 4 or higher considered its performance as above average or excellent. In all scenarios, the median evaluation scores were at least 4 across accuracy, applicability, comprehensiveness, and communication. As for mean scores, accuracy was the highest-rated dimension at 4.2±0.8, while mean comprehensiveness was slightly lower at 3.9±0.8. Orthopedist characteristics, such as academic title and prior use of ChatGPT, did not influence their evaluation (all p>0.05). Across all scenarios, ChatGPT demonstrated an accuracy of 79.8%, with applicability at 75.2%, comprehensiveness at 70.6%, and a 75.6% rating for communication clarity. This study emphasizes ChatGPT̓s strengths in accuracy and applicability for home care after orthopedic intervention but underscores a need for improved comprehensiveness. This focused evaluation not only sheds light on ChatGPT̓s potential in specialized medical advice but also suggests its potential to play a broader role in the advancement of public health.

Current status of heart failure management in Vietnam

Heart failure is a growing public health issue with high mortality and hospitalization rates. Comprehensive management programs are needed to improve outcomes and reduce costs. In Vietnam, there are gaps in guideline-directed medical therapy, lack of a multidisciplinary approach, inadequate patient education, and poor continuity from inpatient to outpatient care. However, management programs are evolving with 29 hospitals having established programs. Initial results show improved use of medications, reduced hospitalizations and mortality, and better quality of life in some programs. Challenges remain around resources, costs, patient diversity, and lack of standardization. Standardization initiatives like EuroHeart are working to define common data sets and care standards internationally. Effective programs require optimized hospital treatment, comprehensive discharge planning, structured follow up, and patient selfmanagement support. Further government support, healthcare professional training, public education, research, and regional collaborations are needed to advance heart failure care in Vietnam.

Evaluating Patient-Reported Outcomes and Wearable Data Among Individuals with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma

Background: Digital life coaching (DLC) pairs patients with a certified health coach to identify and achieve wellness-related goals through phone calls and text messages. DLC has been shown to improve physical quality of life in a recent randomized trial of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) undergoing upfront transplantation (Banerjee, BMT 2023). However, transplantation is an acute life disruption that may not necessarily reflect long-term wellness; this is particularly true for patients living with relapsed/refractory (R/R )MM, for which symptom burden and uncertainty may be chronically higher. As such, a new study (clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT05956457) is under way to explore the feasibility and outcomes of DLC with integrated symptom monitoring (via a wearable activity tracker) to inform a more complete understanding of the patient experience with R/R MM. Endpoints from this study will include symptom burden, health self-efficacy, and financial, physiologic, and psychosocial well-being, and if and how DLC may be used to support this population. Study Design and Methods: For this prospective, non-randomized, quasi-experimental study at the University of Washington, up to 100 individuals will be enrolled. Individuals must meet the following Inclusion criteria: English speaking; aged 18 years and older, R/R MM diagnosis; initiated at least the second line of therapy for MM at time of study enrollment and must have been exposed to at least one proteasome inhibitor (PI) and/or one immunomodulatory drug (IMiD). Individuals will be excluded from participation if they meet any of following criteria: anticipated to have 6 months or less to live, have a serious and/or unstable pre-existing medical, psychiatric, or other condition that could interfere with participant safety, provision of informed consent, or compliance with study procedures; and those who do not own or have access to a personal smartphone or device allowing for access to text or email Consented individuals will be enrolled in a 3-month DLC coaching program, consisting of weekly calls and up to 4 digital nudges, delivery of content via text or email, each week. The evidence-based coaching curriculum focuses on supporting patient self-management of symptoms; physical, mental, financial, social and sexual health; and nutrition, exercise, and sleep. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) will be collected at baseline and monthly for 3 months to track progress during both coaching and treatment, and to provide insights into the experience and well-being of participants. PROs include quality of life (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-30 &amp; Quality of Life Questionnaire Multiple Myeloma-20); health self-efficacy (measured with the Cancer Behavior Inventory- Brief); anxiety and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-4); financial toxicity (Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity); and medication adherence (CASE Medication Adherence Index). Physical activity will be captured via wrist-worn activity tracker provided to participants. Descriptive analysis will be conducted for this study. Feasibility for this study is defined as a retention rate greater than or equal to 70%. Retention is defined as individuals who agree to participate in the DLC program and complete the 3 months of engagement post-enrollment. Engagement is defined as the completion of 1 nudge (call, text, or email) per module out of 5 nudge opportunities. Summary statistics, such as frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, and ranges, will be used to describe patient demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population. Summary statistics will also be used to describe PRO by assessment time. We will also assess the additional PRO trends over time using linear mixed models (LMMs). Additional models will be created to assess intervention effect while controlling for possible confounding covariates, and the relationship between self-efficacy and other PROs. Implications: Results of this study are anticipated to elucidate (1) if and how DLC may be used to support individuals with R/R MM and (2) clinical and PRO outcomes, including both survey and wearable data, for individuals with R/R MM in a DLC program.

Self-management challenges and support needs among patients with primary glaucoma: a qualitative study

BackgroundSelf-management plays an important role in the disease management of glaucoma patients. The effectiveness of the program can be improved by assessing the patient’s perspective and needs to tailor self-management support. Most studies have focused on assessing one of these self-management behaviours, such as medication adherence, and there is a lack of systematic assessment of the support needs and challenges of self-management for patients with glaucoma. Therefore, in this study, we conducted an in-depth investigation into the self-management challenges and support needs of patients with primary glaucoma, providing a basis for nursing staff to implement self-management support.MethodThe phenomenological method and semistructured interviews were used in this study. A total of 20 patients with primary glaucoma were recruited between June and December 2022. Colaizzi’s analysis method was used to analyse the interview data.ResultsChallenges for patients include becoming an expert in glaucoma, managing negative emotions, adapting to daily life changes and resuming social activities. To address these challenges, four themes of patient self-management support needs were identified: (1) health information support, (2) social support, (3) psychological support, and (4) daily living support.ConclusionPatients with primary glaucoma experience varying degrees of challenge in dealing with medical, emotional, and social aspects. Comprehending the support needs of patients, healthcare professionals should deliver targeted, personalized and comprehensive self-management interventions to enhance their capacity of patients to perform self-management and improve their quality of life.

A qualitative study on healthcare professional and patient perspectives on nurse-led virtual prostate cancer survivorship care

BackgroundVirtual nurse-led care models designed with health care professionals (HCPs) and patients may support addressing unmet prostate cancer (PCa) survivor needs. Within this context, we aimed to better understand the optimal design of a service model for a proposed nurse-led PCa follow-up care platform (Ned Nurse).MethodsA qualitative descriptive study exploring follow-up and virtual care experiences to inform a nurse-led virtual clinic (Ned Nurse) with an a priori convenience sample of 10 HCPs and 10 patients. We provide a health ecosystem readiness checklist mapping facilitators onto CFIR and Proctor’s implementation outcomes.ResultsWe show that barriers within the current standard of care include: fragmented follow-up, patient uncertainty, and long, persisting wait times despite telemedicine modalities. Participants indicate that a nurse-led clinic should be scoped to coordinate care and support patient self-management, with digital literacy considerations.ConclusionA nurse-led follow-up care model for PCa is seen by HCPs as acceptable, feasible, and appropriate for care delivery. Patients value its potential to provide role clarity, reinforce continuity of care, enhance mental health support, and increase access to timely and targeted care. These findings inform design, development, and implementation strategies for digital health interventions within complex settings, revealing opportunities to optimally situate these interventions to improve care.

Supporting Pain Self-Management in Patients With Cancer: App Development Based on a Theoretical and Evidence-Driven Approach.

To inform the development of an intervention, it is essential to have a well-developed theoretical understanding of how an intervention causes change, as stated in the UK Medical Research Council guidelines for developing complex interventions. Theoretical foundations are often ignored in the development of mobile health apps intended to support pain self-management for patients with cancer. This study aims to systematically set a theory- and evidence-driven design for a pain self-management app and specify the app's active features. The Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) framework, a step-by-step theoretical approach to the development of interventions, was adopted to achieve the aim of this study. This started by understanding and identifying sources of behavior that could be targeted to support better pain management. Ultimately, the application of the BCW framework guided the identification of the active contents of the app, which were characterized using the Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy version 1. The theoretical analysis revealed that patients may have deficits in their capability, opportunity, and motivation that prevent them from performing pain self-management. The app needs to use education, persuasion, training, and enablement intervention functions because, based on the analysis, they were found the most likely to address the specified factors. Eighteen behavior change techniques were selected to describe precisely how the intervention functions can be presented to induce the desired change regarding the intervention context. In other words, they were selected to form the active contents of the app, potentially reducing barriers and serving to support patients in the self-management of pain while using the app. This study fully reports the design and development of a pain self-management app underpinned by theory and evidence and intended for patients with cancer. It provides a model example of the BCW framework application for health app development. The work presented in this study is the first systematic theory- and evidence-driven design for a pain app for patients with cancer. This systematic approach can support clarity in evaluating the intervention's underlying mechanisms and support future replication.