Support For Business Activities Research Articles

FISCAL AND REGULATORY ROLE OF INDIRECT TAXES IN UKRAINE

The article analyzes the fiscal and regulatory role of indirect taxes in Ukraine. The advantages and disadvantages of indirect taxes in Ukraine are identified. The revenues from indirect taxes in the structure of the consolidated budget of Ukraine for 2017-2022 are analyzed. The directions for increasing the level of fiscal efficiency of indirect taxes are highlighted. The regulatory role of indirect taxes for the state budget of Ukraine is determined. Thus, the fiscal significance of indirect taxes has become less due to the economic, social and political changes that have taken place in the country. To increase their fiscal potential, measures such as stimulating domestic consumption, improving the system of control over the circulation of goods, strengthening customs control and effective implementation of anti-crisis measures can be considered. The regulatory function of indirect taxes is of primary importance in terms of its impact on the national economy. Tax regulation is a set of measures aimed at government intervention in the market economy in accordance with the concept of development. The fiscal potential of indirect taxes depends on several factors, such as the state of the economy, employment, income, and others. The greater the economic activity and spending of the population, the greater the opportunity for the state to collect revenue from indirect taxes. Indirect taxes are an effective tool for managing the economy and ensuring sustainable development of the country. However, to improve the efficiency of their use and increase revenues from indirect taxes, it is necessary to constantly improve the taxation system, direct revenues to the development of social infrastructure and support for business activities. The analysis of the fiscal and regulatory role of indirect taxes in Ukraine shows that these taxes play an important role in generating budget revenues and regulating economic processes in the country.

IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL POLICY PRINCIPLES IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF UKRAINIAN TAX LEGISLATION

The article analyzes the peculiarities of implementation of international principles of financial policy in the context of transformation of Ukrainian tax legislation. Some priorities of financial policy of some countries of the world in the context of modernization of tax policy have been defined. The basic principles of financial policy in the context of implementation of foreign experience are support of business activity, all-round assistance of production development, provision of employment of the population, mobilization of appropriate volumes of financial resources and their use for providing social guarantees, introduction of financial mechanism, which would provide rational use of natural resources. The main determinant of the formation of modern tax policy is the process of economic diversification, attraction of unconsidered sources of taxation, provision of proper level of tax administration, reduction of tax burden for business in order to increase the level of economic development, etc. The main innovations and prospects of the tax legislation of Ukraine for 2023 are analyzed. It is justified that international cooperation in the tax sphere, in particular access to the information platform IBFD (International Bureau of Fiscal Documentation), and participation of Ukraine in the EU Fiscalis program, is a positive step in the preparation of changes to the tax legislation of Ukraine in the context of implementation of international financial policy principles to ensure its harmonization with EU recommendations/standards. In the context of transformational changes, it is important to develop financial policy measures with appropriate level of adaptability and taking into account the tasks that need to be solved at a certain stage of development (increase of tax system efficiency, creation of appropriate conditions for economic development, improvement of business climate, increase of investment attractiveness, etc.). Ukraine’s financial policy should be directed to macroeconomic development, development of financial inclusion and ensuring financial stability, development of financial market, digital transformation and innovation development taking into account modern requirements in the context of European integration and world processes.

Bilingual Digital Eduliteracy for Marketing Management of Small and Medium Enterprises Centers in Ilomata Village, Bilato District

The importance of the existence of UMKM is able to support the surrounding economy and be able to revive other supporting local businesses. This community service aims to: 1) There is a need for community provision and understanding of the concept of digital-based marketing as a support for business activities in the village, 2) Facilitate access to village sales and production processes so that community businesses can run smoothly, 3) There is a need for bilingual digital eduliteration to the community as an effort in marketing in the village. This community service includes five stages including the preparation stage, the implementation stage, program preparation, program implementation, and reporting. At the preparatory stage, the team conducted a location survey and recruited participants for the service, and at the implementation stage there were several stages carried out by the team including: problem identification and needs analysis. The results of program implementation showed that the results of an internal meeting held by Ilomata KKNT students and the head of Ilomata Village had concluded several problems that would become priority work for students in Ilomata Village, including: 1) the problem of stunting; 2) Identity of UMKM in Ilomata Village; 3) Awareness of loose animal breeders. Each of these problems has been carried out by UNG KKNT students well through the stages of socialization and counseling, labeling of UMKM identities, as well as installing billboards related to regulations for loose animal breeders. The conclusion from this implementation is that every activity carried out is inseparable from the role of the Ilomata community, village government, and Bilato sub-district government in solving every problem faced by Ilomata village.

Organizational and Economic Triggers of the Restaurant Chain Balanced Development in the Conditions of Service Economics

Topicality. Transformational processes of social and economic relations in Ukraine actualize and determine the need in researching and understanding the balanced development of restaurant chain business systems through the use of modern flexible economic and organizational tools, as well as a number of triggers. The aim of the article is a scientific practical foundation of the process of forming a balanced development of the restaurant business chain structures in service economics conditions. Research methods. In this study, to achieve the set aim, a number of scientific and methodological approaches, which are applied in restaurant business in the formation of restaurant chains, are used. In particular, these are systemic, structural, cognitive (modern), organizational and situational approaches. Additionally, the study uses a number of scientific methods that allow to make a proper theoretical and practical analysis of the research problem, including semantic analysis, structural and logical analysis, retrospective analysis, methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization, grouping and systematization, expert evaluation method. Results. The article actualizes and stipulates the need for further theoretical, methodological and practical study of the restaurant business in service economics. Problematic aspects that hinder the balanced development of restaurant business systems are highlighted. Modern special principles of restaurant business development are concretized; their taking into account is recommended when forming chain forms of business structures. Franchise chains are considered to be one of the most common forms of restaurant business organization in the world. The analysis of condition and problems of franchising business development in Ukraine is given; its advantages are defined and proved. The specialists’ expert assessment on the state, problems and tendencies of restaurant business development and new innovative forms of organization of its chain structures is given. The problems of insufficiently effective organizational and economic support of business activity and the lack of balanced mechanism for its development are studied. At the scientific applied level, the use of triggers in modern management practice – psychological, economic, organizational, which enhance the effectiveness of business processes – is highlighted. The special urgency of using the full tools of organizational and economic triggers system for balanced development of restaurant chains in the service economics is substantiated. Conclusions and discussions. For balanced development of service enterprises, scientists and practitioners focus on defining and evaluating a system of indicators for continuous diagnosis of business performance. For full synergetic effect in modern business practice, a system of triggers is used; it enhances the efficiency of business processes in restaurant business enterprises in service economics. The scientific novelty of obtained research results is in further development of scientific practical provisions for economic and organizational support of balanced restaurant chains development through the understanding of the essence of balanced restaurant chains development in new conditions of competitive aggravation.

Conditions of Sustainable Development for Sme Entities in the Course of COVID-19 Pandemic

A number of international organizations have published recently the forecasts concerning aspects of economic impact exerted by corona-virus pandemic. In July update of economic outlook for 2020 the IMF forecast a drop in global GDP by 4.9% in 2020, which is lower by 1.9 per cent point in comparison with the April forecast, which will be followed by partial restoration and growth by 5.4% in 2021. The report on global investment for July 2020 shows a downfall in global foreign investment to 40% in 2020 and later its further decline by 10% in 2021. MOT estimates the COVID-19 impact, which will cause an increase in global unemployment by 5.3 m (a low scenario) and 24.7 m (a high scenario). It proves that support of business activity will be especially difficult for small and medium enterprises. The article shows how COVID-19 pandemic influences entities of small and medium entrepreneurship (SME) and demonstrates first evidences and estimations of its impact. It also provides a list of political steps aimed at raising SME sustainability in 60 countries. Taking into account the fact that the situation is changing very fast, the review of possible steps is not exhaustive, in some cases it includes political measures only planned for implementation that are being still discussed or considered. The latest surveys of enterprises showed a certain improvement of the situation connected with serious political efforts aimed at elimination of liquidity deficit at small and medium enterprises and suspension of local restrictions in some countries. In this context political perspective is slowly shifting from measures of supporting liquidity for SME entities, which are still a priority in the majority of countries, to measures of supporting restoration.

Narušení toků přímých zahraničních investic v důsledku krize covid-19 a management obnovy ekonomiky

The paper describes the responses of national economics to the spread of pandemic COVID- 19 in year 2020. As a result of economic and social interconnectedness and dependency of countries, the actions are mutually influential in a great extend. The economic impacts are analysed from macroeconomic perspective, demonstrating the effects on important economic indicators. Due to the crucial role of investment, the paper focuses on disruptions of foreign direct investment flows and consequent changes, especially in the European Union. Based on analysis of data from UNCTAD, OECD, Czech Statistical Office and Czech National Bank, the aim is to provide prognosis of future development of foreign direct investment in case of Czech economy. Three scenarios are constructed with forecasting 15%, 37% and 60% drop in foreign direct investment inflow. The paper highlights the significant relevance of investment incentives in attracting the investors and investment promotion agencies in general in terms of avoiding divestment. The main factor that determines the final fluctuation of the variable (the state of foreign direct investment in individual years) is the health situation and the related restrictions on business activities. The presented results lead to a discussion of recommendations for economic policy concerning the support of business activities.

ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ЮРИДИЧЕСКОЙ ЭКСПЕРТИЗЫ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ И ИХ АНАЛИЗА

Socio-economic and related organizational and managerial impacts are a complex multi-level mechanism. Due to the fact that there are a great many of them, the tasks of analysis and quality assessment are becoming increasingly important for the legal support of business activities. And there is a need to develop different methods for evaluating the results. Despite the accumulated methodological and practical experience in this area, there is no generally accepted universal approach to the assessment of socio-economic systems. The relevance of this study is to show the possibility of not only economic, but also legal assessment of these phenomena and processes.

Enterprise Architecture Best Practices in Large Corporations

Enterprise architecture (EA) is an integrated strategy, business, and information systems approach for analysis, governance, and information technology (IT) alignment. It is a comprehensive blueprint that requires the careful planning, documentation, and analysis of all the operations of an organization. Employing EA helps companies achieve strategic goals with the support of business activities and information systems. However, some large corporations avoid EA frameworks and methodologies owing to their implementation difficulties or the presence of conflicting frameworks and business needs. The goal of this paper is to increase large organizations’ awareness of enterprise architecture best practices (EABPs) and methods of EA framework implementation. Thus, this research has developed an EABP capability matrix to measure companies’ capacities to implement EABPs and provided lessons based on how 17 organizations implemented EABPs. Based on an analytical literature review, the developed matrix includes eight critical EABPs categorized under four themes: EA framework and methodology, strategic practices, business activities, and information systems. As practical and theoretical contributions: (1) This inclusive approach was not found in the EA literature as most past research focuses on only one of these themes. (2) The EA matrix can be used as a measurement matrix research methodology to measure the extent to which cases adopt EABPs, making it beneficial to EA researchers and practitioners. (3) EA practitioners can also use it to practically determine and rectify the weak points of EABPs, thus taking advantage of EA frameworks. The findings indicate that many large organizations implement EABPs as business-as-usual practices without EA frameworks and methodologies. However, those that adopt an EA framework use the open group architecture framework and rely heavily on enterprise resource planning in the implementation of EABPs.

An Optimal Composition Strategy for Knowledge Service Component Based on Flexible Tracking Particle Swarm Algorithm

It is urgent to combine knowledge resources with manufacturing business processes to form a knowledge service in the cloud mode, so as to provide intelligent support for business activities in product development process. The main challenge of knowledge resource service, however, is how to rapidly construct the complex resource service system and respond promptly to the changeable service requirements in the business process, which is similar to the software system modeling using a component in software engineering. This paper is concerned with an optimal composition framework (OCF) of knowledge resource service, including service decomposition, component encapsulation, and optimal composition. Firstly, the typical business processes are decomposed into the dynamic knowledge element (DKE), and all kinds of knowledge resources and service behaviors are encapsulated into the reusable resource service components (RSC). Then, a multicomponent optimal composition mathematical model is presented, which transforms the problem of component composition into a multiobjective optimization problem. On this basis, a heuristic algorithm with the adaptive mutation probability is introduced to composite the multigranularity service component dynamically and robustly. Finally, the case of component composition for maintenance resource service is studied and the simulation results are provided to verify the efficacy of the proposed model and algorithms.

Government Support of Business Activity through Digital Economy Technologies

The subject of the research is the experience gained by world economic leaders in boosting business activities of citizens by digital transformation of the economic and public administration sectors. The purpose of the research was to examine the specifics of supporting business activities in a digital society by establishing a regulatory framework for digital economy technologies. The state regulatory documents are shown to have a decisive influence on this process. These documents contain a sufficiently complete list of “end-to-end” technologies of the digital economy intended for supporting business activities of citizens in various fields of the digital society. It is concluded that the application of the blockchain technology to ensure large-scale support of business activities needs to be expanded. The authors offered their own blockchain classification by the degree of complexity of its application in the main areas of human activity in the digital society. It is suggested that for boosting the business activity of citizens it is advantageous to use multipurpose digital platforms built with participation of the government and the business on the basis of state-run situation centers existing in Russian regions.

Regulatory and Legal Support for Stimulation of Business Activities within the Framework of the Industrial Policy

The subject of the research is the social relations that develop in using legal incentives aimed at supporting business activities in the industrial policy. The purpose of the research was to identify gaps in the legislation that impede the promotion of business activities of production companies. The paper examines the main forms of the regulatory and legal support for boosting business activities in the implementation of the industrial policy in order to create conditions for further reforms, attract investment to the Russian economy and thereby improve the social and economic situation in the Russian Federation. The level of the regulatory and legal support of business activities in the industrial policy is evaluated. It is concluded that the legal framework must be improved to enhance the legal support of business stimulation.

Bolstering the Business Activity and the Fundamental Problem of the National Banking System Reform

The subject of the research is the national banking system as part of the country’s monetary system. The purpose of the research was to prove that the national banking system in its current state is fundamentally incapable of supporting business activities in the Russian economy. The paper reveals the reason for such incapability; it is due to the existing contradiction between the whole and the part where the whole is the monetary system of the country having a market nature, and the part is the national banking system that has not changed its structure with the transition from the gold standard to the above-mentioned nature of the monetary system. Within the framework of the latter, banks, in their essence, act as functioning “banknotes”, and as such, they should not be in private ownership or have an interest in making a profit. Meanwhile, they actually behave as commercial companies pursuing their own private interests that do not coincide with the interests of the market (country). Therefore, the modern structure of the national banking system is hampering the country’s economic development. The paper concludes that the current state of affairs must be overcome; the contradiction between the whole and the part should be removed through the conversion of the banking system to a state system in form, private in content and national in essence. In this case, the functioning of the banking system will be directed towards the realization of national interests, the actual support of business activities in the Russian economy.

Деякі особливості формування фінансово-кредитних інструментів інноваційного розвитку підприємств сфери послуг

Розглянуто проблеми формування в сучасних умовах інструментів інноваційного розвитку підприємств сфери послуг. Досліджено підприємства сфери послуг (торгівля, готелі, підприємства харчування, туристичні фірми). Визначено основні джерела фінансування інноваційного розвитку підприємств сфери послуг. Встановлено, що фінансове забезпечення інноваційного розвитку малих підприємницьких структур здійснюють переважно за рахунок власних джерел. Визначено роль і значення фінансово-кредитних інструментів для інноваційного розвитку сфери послуг. Визначено роль і місце банківського кредитування у фінансуванні інноваційного розвитку підприємств сфери послуг. З'ясовано місце та значення використання лізингу як інструменту забезпечення інноваційного розвитку малих підприємницьких структур. Розглянуто роль франчайзингу та факторингу в забезпеченні інноваційного розвитку підприємницьких структур. Запропоновано створення ефективної франчайзингової мережі як засобу фінансування інноваційної діяльності малих підприємницьких структур. Рекомендовано українським підприємницьким структурам у системі фінансового забезпеченням бізнесової діяльності використовувати форфейтинг. Визначено, що перспективним для фінансування інноваційного розвитку підприємств сфери послуг є залучення кредитних спілок та страхових компаній. Запропоновано реформувати структуру банківського сектора з метою створення банків другого рівня, які б здійснювали кредитування на пільгових умовах. Запропоновані рекомендації є базовими у формуванні фінансово-кредитного механізму інноваційного розвитку підприємств сфери послуг.

НАПРЯМИ РОЗВИТКУ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ РІЗНИХ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-ПРАВОВИХ ФОРМ ГОСПОДАРЮВАННЯ

The article is devoted to the study of issues related to the identification of production and economic activity of agricultural enterprises of various organizational and legal forms of management at the regional level, as well as coverage of proposals for the formation of an effective system of strategic directions for their sustainable operation. The article analyzes the dynamics of the average annual growth rate of gross crop and livestock production in agricultural enterprises of the Chernihiv region, which is the ninth-largest agricultural region in the country. It is determined that in 2019 in the region operated more than 1,300 agricultural enterprises, of which there are more than 650 farms, 311 companies, and 117 private enterprises. It is established that the main problems that are constantly faced by domestic producers are: the imperfection of the tools of regulatory regulation of agricultural entrepreneurship; high-interest rates on bank loans; lack of financial, logistical, human resources; inefficient system of information support of business activity; unsatisfactory business support infrastructure; inefficient business management. The analysis of research revealed key factors influencing the development of organizational and legal forms of domestic agricultural enterprises, which included economic, environmental, social, legal, organizational, and informational. Based on the conducted researches measures on the formation of strategic directions of effective development of the agricultural enterprises of the Chernihiv region are offered. These areas combine economic, organizational, legal, informational, and innovation-investment components. It is determined that the defining condition for the implementation of these areas is a systematic approach, which in the future will provide a synergistic effect in improving the efficiency of economic entities.

Развитие лесного хозяйства малолесного региона: опыт и перспективы

The article describes main directions of forestry development in sparsely wooded region. Changes in forest legislation have led to the formation of the model of forest management focused on the development of entrepreneurship in Voronezh region. It is defined, that the main form of forest use in the region is lease of forest lands. The economic mechanism of forest management in these circumstances should be based on the balance of interests of participants of forest relations (the state, society, community, business). At the regional level, the factors restricting development of forestry are high cost of sanitary and health measures and the difficulty of disposing of small merchantable wood and wood fuel after sanitary felling and thinning. It is established that difficulties in the provision of forest land are associated with existing double counting of some lands and forests in Unified state register of real estate. For the analyzed period, the region has developed a stable business trend in the field of forestry to the development of public-private partnerships. It is proved that for the implementation of the principles of sustainable forest management and creation favorable conditions for the development and implementation of economically, environmentally and socially responsible forest development, we need support of business activities, in terms of creating regional infrastructure for support of entrepreneurship in forest sector (sectoral business incubators on the basis of existing research institutes in cooperation with leading forest universities) and ensuring its activities.

Business Process and Information Technology Alignment: Construct Conceptualization, Empirical Illustration, and Directions for Future Research

Since strategic alignment first rose to prominence with Henderson and Venkatraman’s (1993) seminal paper, research has tended to focus on the extent of fit between IT and business strategy at the firm level. Although useful, a firm-level view of alignment could mask what firms are doing to realize intellectual alignment between business and IT strategy and whether their actions will likely succeed. In this study, we build on an emergent stream of research that considers alignment between IT and business strategy at the process level. Since research tends to view this form of alignment through the lens of IT support for business strategy, this perspective fails to account for how IT can enable the development of new business strategies. Accordingly, we conceptualize alignment between IT and business strategy at the process level using the lens of IT shortfall (a lack of IT support for business activities) and IT slack (having more IT than needed to support current business activities). Using data from matched surveys of IT and business executives at 317 U.S. and E.U. firms, we illustrate the value of this conceptualization and its process measures. Our results show that IT shortfall is negatively correlated with IT business value, while IT slack is positively correlated with IT business value. We further note that the existence of IT shortfall and IT slack depends on differences in firms’ chosen business strategy and whether a process is critical or non-critical to that strategy’s success.

Smartphone Use of Effectiveness in Supporting Young Entrepreneurs Business Activity in the Palopo Using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

The development effort involving young entrepreneurs by age relative in Palopo City is now starting to grow and develop. One of the factors that affect the increasingly rapid development of information and communication technology. The development of information and communication technology enables anyone to conduct business without having to incur substantial costs for investment only places and other infrastructure. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the use of information and communication technology in this case is a smart phone to support the business activities of young entrepreneurs in Palopo. Total sample of 150 respondents. Data analysis was performed using the Partial Least Square (PLS) with 4.0 WarpPLS program. The results of the study results showed that of the five hypotheses which are built in this research there are four hypotheses that can be accepted: (1) Perceived Ease of Use significant effect on Perceived Usefulness; (2) Perceived Ease of Use significant positive effect on User Satisfaction; (3) Perceived Usefulness significant positive effect on Behavioral intention; (4) User Satisfaction significant positive effect on Behavioral Intention. While the hypothesis is not accepted, namely (1) Perceived Ease of Use positive effect was not significant to the User Satisfaction, which in this hypothetical direct influence that has no significant effect. This study also provides empirical support for the theory of TAM in the context of the Smartphone use by young entrepreneurs in the city of Palopo in support of business activities. The benefits and user satisfaction is an important determinant that explains the interest behaves using Smartphone. In addition Smartphone has a user friendly design that allows users to operate the various service features / applications provided on each brand Smartphone. The results of this research study also found information that would have a positive impact on young entrepreneurs perkembagan with age categories were taken from 20 years has begun to grow. This indicates that the motivation, innovation and creativity among young entrepreneurs to continue to try to create jobs independently.

On support of business activities by internet commerce: case of TOP 100 CZ firms

Internet commerce, and especially web commerce, applications are often used as part of firm's business strategy. The paper presents results of analysis of e-commerce adoption in top 100 firms in the Czech Republic (TOP 100 CZ firms). These firms belong to various industrial business sectors. Analysis is based on assessment of company's websites. Assessment is based on evaluation of company websites executed from customer's point of view. For evaluation, the WBE (website business evaluation) method was used. Results show that most of the top 100 Czech firms (in fact all but four) are using e-commerce, typically in the form of websites; however, most of these are only for support of the information phase of the market transaction. Even in the Czech Republic, this use which a few years ago could present competitive advantage is becoming common and almost imperative from a business point of view.