Support For Turkey Research Articles

СТРАТЕГІЧНЕ ПАРТНЕРСТВО УКРАЇНИ ТА ТУРЕЧЧИНИ У ВІЙСЬКОВО-ТОРГОВЕЛЬНІЙ СФЕРІ

The relevance of the research topic arises from the fact that international military-technical cooperation is an important prerequisite for the ability of modern Ukraine to defend itself against Russian military aggression and to protect the sovereignty and independence of Ukraine. The article presents a retrospective analysis, institutional aspects, and the current state of cooperation between Ukraine and Turkey in the military-technical sphere. This article aims to assess the priority directions of military-technical cooperation between Ukraine and the Republic of Turkey in the conditions of the active phase of the Russian-Ukrainian war and to identify the directions for developing this cooperation, taking into account the significant potential of the Ukrainian defense industry. This article is based on the statistical and analytical materials in the domestic and foreign specialized literature, data from international organizations, and analytical and expert centers. During the research, the methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, grouping, and systematization, as well as elements of the institutional approach, were used. The research results show that Turkey's status, as one of the most important strategic partners of Ukraine in national security matters, is caused by its long-term support in the military-technical field, assistance in unblocking the maritime export routes for Ukrainian grain in the Black Sea, and the implementation of important humanitarian projects. The list of military goods for actual cooperation such as the production of engines, unmanned combat aircraft, digital communication systems, precision weapons, radar systems, and others has been identified. The potential of further intergovernmental cooperation, which will support the strengthening of the export capacities of both countries in the global arms market, was revealed. It was identified that Ukraine's strategic cooperation with Turkey, as one of the most active players in the modern geopolitical environment, can strengthen the ability of our countries to consolidate international forces in support of its aspirations to protect its independence. Prospects for further research may relate to the disclosure of areas of potential cooperation in the conditions of the post-war revival of the Ukrainian economy, Turkey's support for our country's accession to NATO, and the assessment of opportunities for the formation of production and supply chains through the format of international strategic alliances with the participation of Ukrainian and Turkish companies to promote the latest high-tech weapons models in international markets.

Career-Related Teacher Support in Turkey: Scale Adaptation and Validation

The aim of this study was to adapt the Career-related Teacher Support Scale to Turkish and to carry out validity and reliability studies. Data were collected from a total of 752 high school students studying in Turkey. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale had an excellent fit. Students’ perceptions of career-related teacher support were also examined in terms of demographic variables. The findings showed that female students perceived teacher support more. Also, students with a high socioeconomic level had a higher perception of support.

Tracing Trajectories of Regime Support in Turkey

According to the legitimacy approach of political culture research the public’s approval of a particular regime and disapproval of its alternatives provide support for that regime. Both theoretical and empirical evidence suggest that this support is important for the legitimacy of the regime. This research attempts to map publics’ approval of democracy and disapproval of three regimes that are known to be alternatives of democracy by examining the three major political parties’, namely the Justice and Development Party (JDP), the Republican People’s Party (RPP) and the National Action Party (NAP), manifesto documents as well as their voter bases across the successive seventeen general elections in the modern Turkish political history. It employed quantitative research methods and the World Values Survey for individual level and Manifesto Project for party level data. Findings suggest that voters are more stable than their parties across time in terms of their pro-democratic stance. Also, that except for minor differences, support for democracy and each of three alternative of it occupy almost the identical places in the minds of the three party electorates. Moreover, in this picture, democracy is clearly viewed as an alternative to the three political regimes. In a causal relationship however, some important differences can be observed across parties when support for its alternatives are viewed as determinants of support for democracy. The last major finding suggests that these three political parties’ pro-democratic stances as identified in their manifesto documents do not represent their voters’ pro-democratic views.

The Power Projection of Turkey in Middle East: (From 2000-2020)

Turkey is an important power of Middle East and has a glorious past. On the basis of its victorious history, Turkey is aspiring to become a regional power of the region. In this regard, the domestic environment of Turkey (such as stable political system, democratic norms, economic development and political leadership) is playing significant role on one hand. On the other hand, the regional and global environment is also providing some opportunities and challenges to pursue its ambitions actively. Turkey's foreign policy in 21st century can be divided in two main phase; first decade of 21st century in which Turkey mostly relies on the use of soft power. However, in second decade, Turkey has used soft and hard power to gain its goals. Turkey's foreign policy towards Saudi Arabia, Iran and Syria are the key focus of this study. Previously, Turkey avoids supporting Iran and Saudi Arabia against each other. However, now Turkish leadership is actively trying to regain the historical influence of Turkey especially in Muslim world. Turkey's relations with Iran and Saudi Arabia are revolving around cooperation Vs competition paradigm. On one hand, Turkey's support for Qatar (2017) and the killing of Jamal Khashogi (October, 2018) has deteriorated the Saudi-Turkey's relations.

Conservatives, nationalists, and incumbent support in Turkey

ABSTRACT To consolidate a predominant party system, an incumbent party will attempt to anchor voting behavior to social cleavages, a strategy called cleavage enclosure. However, does this strategy actually work? In Turkey, the incumbent AKP government has focused its campaigning on conservatives and nationalists. The analysis of the 2018 post-election survey reveals that the cleavage enclosure worked for conservatives but not for nationalists. Of the incumbent supporters in the previous election, conservatives replicated their support, whereas nationalists were less likely to support the incumbent than other identity holders. Nationalists tend to punish but not reward the incumbent party for its economic performance.

Beyond Humanitarian Relief: Social Networks and the Role of Shared Identity in Refugee Belonging and Support in Turkey

A considerable body of research explores the ways in which refugees exert agency and establish belonging in exile. This scholarship challenges popular tropes that reduce the varied experiences of displacement to generalized themes of crisis, uprootedness, and suffering. Through exploring refugee involvement in Islamic communities in Turkey, this paper considers the role played by informal social networks and actors in both helping Syrian refugees to secure their basic needs, as well as in fostering subjectivities of belonging. Drawing on secondary research as well as on participant observation and interviews conducted with Syrians living in Turkey, it argues that attention to social networks built upon shared modes of identification, such as being devoutly religious, can offer generative insight into processes of emplacement among refugees. These networks not only make visible some of the problematic aspects of humanitarianism associated with non-governmental organizations, but also present alternative models built upon mutual support and care. At the same time, while recognizing the benefits of informal social networks, this paper also considers the potential for new boundaries and exclusions to emerge where others recede.

Earthquakes in Turkey support two disparate models of earthquake initiation

Earthquakes in Turkey support two disparate models of earthquake initiation

Farmers’ Attitudes toward Public Support Policy for Sustainable Agriculture in GAP-Şanlıurfa, Turkey

Despite agricultural support in Turkey, agricultural production areas, production quantities, and the number of farmers have gradually decreased. In this research, we aimed to determine farmers’ attitudes toward public agricultural support policy for sustainability in GAP, Şanlıurfa, Turkey, and the factors affecting their attitudes. This research is the first of its type for GAP, Şanlıurfa, Turkey. The data were obtained in 2017 from face-to-face interviews with farmers who were selected using the simple random sampling method. Categorical regression, based on the optimal scaling model, was used in the analysis. The results indicate that although 80% of the farmers believe that support has improved agricultural sustainability, 76.2% find public support policy inadequate. The average land area of those who were in favor of the policy was 18.3 hectares, whereas that of those who stated that support does not provide a significant contribution was 7.17 hectares. The age of the farmer, total cultivated area, settlement area, education level, property type, crop pattern, irrigated agriculture, and income were factors affecting farmers’ attitudes. The support policy should be reviewed for small-scale farmers and farmers who engage in dry farming. The results could be helpful to support policy and decision-makers during sustainable agriculture policy planning.

Pediatricians’ Awareness and Knowledge About Basic Life Support in Turkey

Pediatricians’ Awareness and Knowledge About Basic Life Support in Turkey

Inversion of urban transformation approach in Turkey into family-friendly transformation

The factors of economic value increases, quantitative dimension of physical requirements, organization and legal structuring come to the forefront in the transformations in which cities are restructured by TOKI with government support in Turkey. Although the stated ultimate aim of these transformation projects is the social rehabilitation of residences, the implementations developed have failed to take into consideration the social life of the people, and moreover, because these implementations have also not been mindful of the quality of the living environments to which individuals are accustomed, the neighborhood culture is lost, the sense of belonging to social and physical environment disappears, and individuals are unable to adapt to the new living environments. In this context, this study evaluates the transformation approach from the family-friendly perspective that is compatible with the social structure and the lifestyle based on the neighborhood culture in Turkey. For this purpose, family-friendly settlements are conceptually examined; relevant results of the case study conducted on the socio-spatial effects, which have been reversed in the transformations implemented in line with the current policies, are discussed. The study results suggest that the lifestyle facilitated through a pre-transformation horizontal physical space organization that was close to city center could not be transferred to the post-transformation vertical settlements in the periphery, the social network is lost, the sense of insecurity spread, accessibility, affordability and suitability for raising children declined and so the transformations destroyed the former family-friendly neighborhood structure. In conclusion, recommendations were developed to rework the structures in the family-friendly transformations that are resident-and-family-oriented, appropriate to residents’ lifestyles and capable of being socially and physically integrated within the city.

Assessment for the Use of Nutritional Support in Turkey

Assessment for the Use of Nutritional Support in Turkey

The Changing Structure of Agricultural Supports and the Causes of High Agricultural Supports: A Comparative Analysis for Turkey

Agricultural support payment is an important policy for the protection of agricultural sector. In terms of the ratio of agricultural support payments to GDP, Turkey is the country that has the highest agricultural supports among the OECD and the EU’s countries. This situation largely arises from the structural problems of the Turkish agricultural sector. In this framework, the reasons, which cause high agricultural support in Turkey, establish the subject of this study. Therefore, the data that belong to the OECD, EU and Turkey were taken into account and analyzed comparatively. At the end of the work it was revealed that, the main reasons of high agricultural supports which are implemented in Turkey are; agricultural employment, manufacturer’s level of income derived from agricultural activities, the feature of support and product-based support policies.

Predictors of Teacher Support: Turkey and Shanghai in the Programme for International Student Assessment, 2012

Problem Statement: Although teacher support is important for many student outcomes, including academic achievement, attendance, wellbeing, and dropout, related factors remain unexamined. The Purpose of the Study: The aim of this study was to investigate predictors of perceived teacher support of 15-year-old students who participated in the 2012 Programme for International Student Assessment in either Turkey or Shanghai. Method: In this basic research, secondary analyses were performed with PISA 2012 data, and multiple linear regression analyses were used to predict the variables that affect teacher support as perceived by students. Findings: Results show that a sense of belonging at school, instrumental motivation for mathematics, mathematics self-efficacy, and attitudes toward school in terms of learning outcomes and learning activities are predictors of teacher support in Turkey. In Shanghai, teacher support was predicted by a different set of variables, including mathematics teacher’s classroom management, teacher behavior in terms of student orientation, interest in mathematics, attitude toward school in terms of learning outcomes, mathematics self-efficacy, and educational resources at home. In Turkey, the five affective variables explained only 13% of the variance, whereas in Shanghai, the six affective variables explained 24% of the variance. Conclusion and Recommendations: In models of teacher support, Turkey and Shanghai differ, particularly in terms of total prediction levels, as the model constructed for Shanghai was more predictive than that for Turkey. The most predictive variable in Shanghai was teacher classroom management and, in Turkey, sense of belonging at school. Similarities did emerge, however; mathematics self-efficacy and attitudes toward school in terms of learning outcomes were predictors of teacher support in both countries. Since teacher support is important to students’ personal development, academic achievement, and well-being, the results can support the execution of educational activities in schools and the investigation of ways to increase such support. Keywords: Predictors, multiple linear regression, teacher characteristics, affective characteristics

Jihadist Highway to Jihadist Haven: Turkey's Jihadi Policies and Western Security

ABSTRACTTurkish support to jihadists is not merely a tactic aimed at removing Assad from power. It stems from a strategic decision on the part of Turkish authorities to influence Middle East affairs through non-state actors, much as Iran has been doing for some time. Turkey's support of jihadists transiting into Syria and its establishment of close ties with Hamas and the Muslim Brotherhood are joint aspects of this strategy. Turkish authorities have permitted Al Qaeda sympathizers to use pro-government media to promote their beliefs. The authorities have adopted a new political language that fuels anti-American and anti-Western sentiments. Prosecutors who have attempted to prevent shipments of weapons to Al Qaeda–affiliated groups in Syria have been fired and in some cases incarcerated. Indeed, by now Turkish prosecutors and the Turkish National Police are thoroughly intimidated. Not a single counterterror operation has been launched to disrupt Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS)’s networks or recruitment activities. The Turkish National Intelligence Organization has been given full responsibility to deal with jihadist activities, without any active oversight, and the police are loath to venture into their territory. As a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Turkey's jihadi policies have direct and indirect impact on Western security. This article examines Turkey's jihadi policies by examining official statements, media reports, interviews, and fieldwork.

The impact of Europeanisation on Turkish civil-military relations during the rule of the AK Party

The Turkish Armed Forces have played a key role in politics since the establishment of the republic in 1923. Despite the thorny relations between the civilian and military elites, the process of European integration played an extremely important role in bringing the country on a path of democratic reforms. Both opposing sides, namely the Justice and Development Party (AKP) and the Turkish Military (TSK), in the context of the ongoing process of European integration and a relatively high societal support for Turkey’s EU accession, seemed to accept more conciliatory approaches to each other (2001–2006). Unfortunately, starting from 2006, along with the rise of euroscepticism among Turks and the loosening of ties with the EU, the AKP and TSK adopted more antagonistic stances towards each other. The European Union and its institutions, which also influence constitutional changes in Turkey, therefore create an extremely important international context for democratisation.

History of Islamic Political Movements in Turkey

This article investigates the history of Islamic political movements in Turkey. The time period of the article cover the time after the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923 to the year 2000. It is argued in the article that Islamic movements were largely suppressed in the period between 1923-1945 when the country was ruled with a single party regime led by the Republican Peoples Party. With the introduction of multi-party political system in 1945, political Islam found the opportunity for political activism in the body of Democrat Party. But the political Islam found a more organized opportunity with the establishment of National Order Party in 1970 and National Salvation Party in 1971 by Necmettin Erbakan. Based on a programme of National View, the Turkish political Islam was known for its aim to support material development with a parallel moral and spiritual development with a reaction to the west in interstate relations. Turkish political Islam expressed itself with Welfare Party in 1983 to function until 1998 with some clear changes in its programme particularly in its agreement with contemporary political institutions and later support for Turkey’s integration with the west. Turkish political Islam experienced its first great electoral success during the WP period. However, the WP is closed down in 1998 by the Constitutional Court due to allegations about anti-secularism and driven to a process of breakdown.

(112) - The Current Status of Heart Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support in Turkey: Facts and Factors

The purpose of this presentation will be to inform the international society about the current donor rates and distributions among regions, the effect of religious factors, the annual rates of heart transplant and device implantation rates, and their regional distribution, the license procedures and general interest of doctors for heart failure both in instutitional basis and overall country of Turkey.

Journalists’ views on the British coverage of Turkey’s EU bid and the clash of civilizations thesis

Abstract Turkey’s bid to join the European Union (EU) and the surrounding discussions in European countries’ national media have been receiving increasing interest since Turkey became an official EU membership candidate in 1999. However, almost all academic work concerning the topic examines only the media coverage. In contrast, this article looks at journalists’ views on the media content about Turkey, and also discusses the clash of civilizations thesis as a frame to understand the media discourse. Twenty-one journalists who work or had worked in various British media outlets participated in semi-structured interview sessions. The data was conceptualized and categorized with the help of qualitative analysis software NVivo. Findings are presented through two main sections: Journalists’ views on the decrease in Turkey–EU relations’ popularity in the British media and the changes in the content; and the clash of civilizations thesis in the context of Turkey’s EU bid. Journalists’ views on the coverage reveal that their approach to Turkey’s EU bid is in line with the general view of the British media. In addition, the findings show that the clash of civilizations paradigm is used as a tool for British politicians and the British media to expose their support for Turkey’s EU bid.

Understanding The Factors That Shaped The Negative Image Of Turks In Europe And Its Effects On Turkey’s EU Membership

The prospect of Turkey’s entry into EU has triggered intense identity-based discussions. The evaluation of Turkey’s possible membership within the context of its distinctive character has generated strong antagonism in European countries especially in those who share large Turkish populations. This antagonism is rooted in the negative image of Turks, which has shaped the European’s opinions about Turks. There are intertwined factors that played essential role: The historical image of the Turks together with the widespread belief regarding Turkish migrant’s integration ‘failures’ reflects the negative image of the Turks in the mind of Europeans. The common attitudes of the Turkish communities towards some values that European identity based on such as gender equality have shaped the Europeans opinions which is increasingly concerned with the issue. Turkish community’s approach thus stimulates the fears of Europeans regarding Turkey’s entry, which in turn decrease in support for Turkey

Understanding The Factors That Shaped The Negative Image Of Turks In Europe And Its Effects On Turkey’s EU Membership

The prospect of Turkey’s entry into EU has triggered intense identity-based discussions. The evaluation of Turkey’s possible membership within the context of its distinctive character has generated strong antagonism in European countries especially in those who share large Turkish populations. This antagonism is rooted in the negative image of Turks, which has shaped the European’s opinions about Turks. There are intertwined factors that played essential role: The historical image of the Turks together with the widespread belief regarding Turkish migrant’s integration ‘failures’ reflects the negative image of the Turks in the mind of Europeans. The common attitudes of the Turkish communities towards some values that European identity based on such as gender equality have shaped the Europeans opinions which is increasingly concerned with the issue. Turkish community’s approach thus stimulates the fears of Europeans regarding Turkey’s entry, which in turn decrease in support for Turkey