Support For Social Programs Research Articles

ФІНАНСОВЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО РОЗВИТКУ В УКРАЇНІ

Анотація. У статті розглянуто регулювання державних фінансів, які впливають на розвиток країни та орієнтоване на підтримку населення країни. Наголошено, що для реалізації соціальної функції держави метою доходів та видатків державного бюджету є створення та побудова державних коштів, що забезпечують основні параметри життя особистості та суспільства. Визначено, що соціальна мета трансфертів з державного бюджету до місцевих бюджеті полягає у забезпеченні цілісності національного суспільства, соціальній гармонії та стабільності у суспільстві шляхом розподілу державних фінансових потоків та суспільних благ між регіонами країни задля сприяння сталого соціально-економічного та культурного розвитку окремих регіонів та країн загалом. Акцентується увага на основних особливостях фінансового забезпечення державних соціальних програм: фінансова підтримка реалізується відповідно до прийнятих нормативних актів, що свідчить про те, що процеси створення та спрямування фінансових ресурсів для реалізації державних соціальних програм контролюються державними органами та громадянським суспільством — це кошти суб’єктів господарювання, домогосподарств, іноземних держав (прямо чи опосередковано), кошти міжнародних організацій та фондів, кошти державного та місцевих бюджетів. Фінансова підтримка соціальних програм — це виділення певної суми коштів на виконання завдань, пов’язаних із цим процесом, визначених у соціальній та фіскальній політиці держави. Окреслено, що фінансова підтримка є одним із факторів, що впливають на якість життя шляхом розвитку конкретного соціального об’єкта. Узагальнено, що функціональна сукупність окремих елементів і процесів соціальної реальності створює систему суспільного відтворення. В окремому господарстві відтворення відбувається у формі безперервного циклу адекватного доходу чи капіталу для забезпечення життя та господарської діяльності окремої особи. Водночас, певні параметри відтворення не тільки реалізуються безпосередніми учасниками процесу, але й навмисно встановлюються та коригуються ними. Визначено, що основним джерелом фінансових ресурсів у сфері соціального захисту населення є ВВП у процесі розподілу та перерозподілу, які можна поділити на три основні групи: централізовані державні фонди; державні децентралізовані фонди; приватні соціальні фонди. Ключові слова: держава, регулювання, податки, фінанси, підтримка, розвиток, населення, реформування. Формул: 0; рис.: 2; табл.: 1; бібл.: 10.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE CORONAVIRUS CRISIS ON THE ASSOCIATION OF ENTERPRISES IN UKRAINE

Brought, that the reaction of integrated business to the impact of the coronavirus crisis has its own characteristics due to its economic nature. Most modern associations of enterprises have an extensive network, the structure of enterprises united in consolidated groups can cover the whole of Ukraine, as well as go beyond state borders, so in some quarantine zones economic activity almost stops, in others – to be carried out normally. The large scale of business associations, their strong financial, labor and other resources, make integrated business somewhat “clumsy” and vulnerable to the effects of the coronavirus crisis, but the same features provide consolidated businesses the potential to adapt to new realities of economic activity. The article identifies the nature of the impact of the coronavirus crisis on the development of modern business associations in Ukraine, substantiates the possibilities of overcoming the crisis in the economy caused by COVID-19, by consolidating the efforts of Ukrainian business to solve this large-scale problem. The main directions of counteraction of consolidated associations of enterprises to the crisis are investigated, namely: 1) care for employees; 2) creation of a response headquarters 24/7; 3) supply chain support; 4) care for the community. Positive examples of consolidated business assistance to communities are given. It is substantiated that modern associations of enterprises in Ukraine, which have financial opportunities, need to direct them to the modernization of their production facilities, re-profiling activities on an innovative basis. Due to the limited cross-border cooperation, integrated business entities can focus on the domestic market, which will only strengthen the Ukrainian economy in the strategic perspective. Consolidated business support for social programs and research aimed at overcoming COVID-19 should become a mandatory component of corporate social responsibility, which will contribute to the recovery of both the business environment and society as a whole.

The effect of recipient contribution requirements on support for social programs

A large literature examines the use of recipient contribution requirements in social programs to target people who most need and value aid. Yet little is known about public support for such requirements. In a field experiment with a nationally representative sample, we examine the effect of recipient contributions on charitable donations to a food aid program. The response to recipient monetary contributions is non-monotonic: donations increase when recipients make small monetary contributions and return to baseline under large recipient contributions. Recipient time contribution requirements also increase program support. Results from additional treatments suggest that individuals use contribution requirements to increase both allocative efficiency (screening recipients who most value the good) and targeting efficiency (screening recipients most in need). Our work informs the design of social programs, which must respond to the preferences of voters and donors who provide political and financial support.

The razor’s edge: Social impact bonds and the financialization of early childhood services

ABSTRACT In a growing number of U.S. cities, social impact bonds (SIBs) introduce an experimental strategy into the politics of fiscal constraint. With limited political willpower and public funding, some have used SIBs to leverage new support for social programs. We argue that cities that engage in SIBs walk a razor’s edge between promoting public investment and the risk of deepening financialization in the social service sector. We explore efforts in 3 cities to expand early childhood services through SIBs: Salt Lake City, Utah; Chicago, Illinois; and Greenville, South Carolina. We test the balance between promise and risk through four foci: systemic change, performance metrics, cost structure, and social equity. We show that the context of political fiscal climate and strategic policy change matters in SIBs’ justification and impact; whereas Salt Lake City and Greenville scaled investment up to the state level, Chicago merely plugged short-term local budget gaps.

The Effect of Recipient Contribution Requirements on Support for Social Programs

Whether aid programs should require recipients to contribute their own resources to receive benefits is widely debated, but little is known about public support for these requirements. Using randomized experiments, we find an inverted u-shape response to monetary contribution requirements for a food aid program: support increases when recipients make small monetary contributions and returns to baseline under large contribution requirements. Recipient time contribution requirements also increase program support. Analysis of mechanisms suggests that individuals screen recipients to target those who need and value the aid. We find suggestive evidence of stronger responses to monetary contributions among conservatives versus liberals.

Financial position of social programmes as instruments of social protection of Ukraine’s population

The paper reveals the essence of the concepts of “programme” and “social programme.” The stages of social programmes’ development, their classification and basic features are considered. The sources and forms of financing social programmes are analyzed. The results of analyzing a set of state target social programmes, implemented in Ukraine, are given. The purpose of the study is to outline the role of social programmes in a general social protection system. Searching new sources of funding for social programmes will help to relieve the state budget, which is currently under excessive financial burden. The paper considers a large number of alternative forms of financial support for social programmes. It reveals their effectiveness and necessity. The paper results can be used in further research and improvement of this issue. In this study, we proposed a number of innovations that would help to overcome difficulties in the development of social programmes, namely introducing the “state − business” method.

The Role of Identity Salience in the Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility on Consumer Behavior

Based on the assumption that consumers will reward firms for their support of social programs, many organizations have adopted corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices. Drawing on social identity theory, a model of influence of CSR on loyalty is developed and tested using a sample of real consumers. Results demonstrate that CSR initiatives are linked to stronger loyalty both because the consumer develops a more positive company evaluation, and because one identifies more strongly with the company. Moreover, identity salience is shown to play a crucial role in the influence of CSR initiatives on consumer loyalty when this influence occurs through consumer-company identification. A strong identifier is not necessarily in a constant state of salience, but activating identity salience of a particular consumer social identity (a company) will affect consumer reactions to product stimuli, increasing consumer loyalty.

The case for the privatization of social welfare: three decades of public opinion evidence from Great Britain and the United States

In the last two decades, the conservative critique of the welfare state has been very strong. This study examines the claim of neoconservatives that there is a mass repudiation of the welfare state in the advanced industrial countries. Empirical opinion survey findings from Great Britain and the United States between 1960 and 1990 are examined. Contrary to the radical right rhetoric, there is popular support for social programs in both countries. Evidence also points to sizeable support for a mixed economy of welfare. Three explanations are put forward to account for enduring public support for social programs: the prevalence of social rights, support from the poor and middle class and the limitations of markets.

Discriminant analysis as an instrument for political analysis

The purpose of this study was to develop a methodology which could be used to isolate influential variables in a political campaign. A survey of voters’ attitudes on issues of the 1972 presidential election was analyzed with discriminant analysis, and the results indicated that the three most influential variables in the campaign were cutting the defense budget, federal support of social programs, and foreign military commitments. The discriminant model derived from this analysis correctly classified voter preference in more than 80% of the observations.