Support For Multiple Languages Research Articles

FontCLIP: A Semantic Typography Visual‐Language Model for Multilingual Font Applications

AbstractAcquiring the desired font for various design tasks can be challenging and requires professional typographic knowledge. While previous font retrieval or generation works have alleviated some of these difficulties, they often lack support for multiple languages and semantic attributes beyond the training data domains. To solve this problem, we present FontCLIP – a model that connects the semantic understanding of a large vision‐language model with typographical knowledge. We integrate typography‐specific knowledge into the comprehensive vision‐language knowledge of a pretrained CLIP model through a novel finetuning approach. We propose to use a compound descriptive prompt that encapsulates adaptively sampled attributes from a font attribute dataset focusing on Roman alphabet characters. FontCLIP's semantic typographic latent space demonstrates two unprecedented generalization abilities. First, FontCLIP generalizes to different languages including Chinese, Japanese, and Korean (CJK), capturing the typographical features of fonts across different languages, even though it was only finetuned using fonts of Roman characters. Second, FontCLIP can recognize the semantic attributes that are not presented in the training data. FontCLIP's dual‐modality and generalization abilities enable multilingual and cross‐lingual font retrieval and letter shape optimization, reducing the burden of obtaining desired fonts.

Real-Time Collaboration in Code Development: A Comprehensive Review of Code Jett

CodeJett is a pioneering collaborative real-time code editor that serves as a beacon of innovation in the field of software development. With the increasing prevalence of remote work and distributed development teams, the need for tools that facilitate seamless collaboration among developers is paramount. CodeJett rises to this challenge by offering an array of features, including real-time synchronization, syntax highlighting, version control integration, and a built-in chat system. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of CodeJett, highlighting its significance and the evolving landscape of collaborative development tools. In a world where software development transcends borders and time zones, CodeJett acts as a unifying force, enabling developers to work together harmoniously on coding projects. The real-time nature of the tool eliminates the need for manual synchronization, enhancing productivity and reducing the likelihood of errors. CodeJett's versatility extends to its support for multiple programming languages, making it accessible to a broad spectrum of developers. This abstract underscore the role of CodeJett in facilitating collaboration, real-time development, and efficient communication within the software development community. The paper also explores the technical challenges faced in the development of CodeJett and offers insights into its future potential as a transformative tool in an ever-changing software development landscape. With keywords such as collaboration, real-time synchronization, syntax highlighting, and version control, this abstract encapsulates the essence of CodeJett's importance and its enduring impact on the field of software development.

Ensemble-Based Short Text Similarity: An Easy Approach for Multilingual Datasets Using Transformers and WordNet in Real-World Scenarios

When integrating data from different sources, there are problems of synonymy, different languages, and concepts of different granularity. This paper proposes a simple yet effective approach to evaluate the semantic similarity of short texts, especially keywords. The method is capable of matching keywords from different sources and languages by exploiting transformers and WordNet-based methods. Key features of the approach include its unsupervised pipeline, mitigation of the lack of context in keywords, scalability for large archives, support for multiple languages and real-world scenarios adaptation capabilities. The work aims to provide a versatile tool for different cultural heritage archives without requiring complex customization. The paper aims to explore different approaches to identifying similarities in 1- or n-gram tags, evaluate and compare different pre-trained language models, and define integrated methods to overcome limitations. Tests to validate the approach have been conducted using the QueryLab portal, a search engine for cultural heritage archives, to evaluate the proposed pipeline.

A Novel Machine Learning Based Two-Way Communication System for Deaf and Mute

Deaf and mute people are an integral part of society, and it is particularly important to provide them with a platform to be able to communicate without the need for any training or learning. These people rely on sign language, but for effective communication, it is expected that others can understand sign language. Learning sign language is a challenge for those with no impairment. Another challenge is to have a system in which hand gestures of different languages are supported. In this manuscript, a system is presented that provides communication between deaf and mute (DnM) and non-deaf and mute (NDnM). The hand gestures of DnM people are acquired and processed using deep learning, and multiple language support is achieved using supervised machine learning. The NDnM people are provided with an audio interface where the hand gestures are converted into speech and generated through the sound card interface of the computer. Speech from NDnM people is acquired using microphone input and converted into text. The system is easy to use and low cost. The system is modular and can be enhanced by adding data to support more languages in the future. A supervised machine learning dataset is defined and created that provides automated multi-language communication between the DnM and NDnM people. It is expected that this system will support DnM people in communicating effectively with others and restoring a feeling of normalcy in their daily lives. The hand gesture detection accuracy of the system is more than 90% for most, while for certain scenarios, this is between 80% and 90% due to variations in hand gestures between DnM people. The system is validated and evaluated using a series of experiments.

Radiological Structured Report Integrated with Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers and Qualitative Scoring Systems.

The benefits of structured reporting (SR) in radiology are well-known and have been widely described. However, there are limitations that must be overcome. Radiologists may be reluctant to change the conventional way of reporting. Error rates could potentially increase if SR is used improperly. Interruption of the visual search pattern by keeping the eyes focused on the report rather than the images may increase reporting time. Templates that include unnecessary or irrelevant information may undermine the consistency of the report. Last, the lack of support for multiple languages may hamper the adaptation of the report to the target audience. This work aims to mitigate these limitations with a web-based structured reporting system based on templates. By including field validators and logical rules, the system avoids reporting mistakes and allows to automatically calculate values and radiological qualitative scores. The system can manage quantitative information from imaging biomarkers, combining this with qualitative radiological information usually present in the structured report. It manages SR templates as plugins (IHE MRRT compliant and compatible with RSNA's Radreport templates), ensures a seamless integration with PACS/RIS systems, and adapts the report to the target audience by means of natural language extracts generated in multiple languages. We describe a use case of SR template for prostate cancer including PI-RADS 2.1 scoring system and imaging biomarkers. For the time being, the system comprises 24 SR templates and provides service in 37 hospitals and healthcare institutions, endorsing the success of this contribution to mitigate some of the limitations of the SR.

The politicisation of social anchoring: language support and community building within Vietnamese refugee-led organisations in London

ABSTRACT This article explores relationships between language support practices and community development in the context of Vietnamese Refugee Community Organisations (RCOs) in London, which were formed in the 1980s to meet the needs of Vietnamese refugee communities. Drawing on interviews with practitioners working within London-based Vietnamese RCOs, the article examines the multi-faceted role of language support in contributing to refugee adaptation. It draws upon the conceptual framework of social anchoring to analyse how Vietnamese RCOs support refugees’ initial adjustment and longer-term adaptation through multiple language support provisions, including interpreting and translation, English as a Second Language (ESOL) and Vietnamese language classes. A key contribution of the article is its analysis of the ways in which language-related anchoring processes have been politicised through shifting state-led approaches to integration, reductions in funding for RCOs and a growing emphasis on English language over support for minority language practices. The findings also demonstrate how social anchoring processes within RCOs have been reconfigured in response to the diverse needs of refugee communities.

Creating a Queer Ontology: The Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation (GSSO) Ontology.

Cultural attitudes, linguistic variation, and historical pathology have led to a plethora of terms concerning gender, sex, and sexual orientation that have caused confusion and uneasiness among both lay people and relevant professionals. For members of the LGBTQIA+ community, these negative reactions are compounded by identities which have historically and contemporarily been mistreated by medical professionals. In an effort to provide a reliable resource for patients and clinicians, we have created the Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation (GSSO) ontology, which currently includes over 4,000 entities from multiple disciplines. The GSSO is a manually curated resource utilizing related glossaries from biology, medicine, psychology, sociology, and gender studies. With links to over 20 other ontology resources such as SNOMED-CT and MedDRA, the GSSO aims for accessibility and interoperability with existing systems. It is also open-source and features an easy-to-use web interface (https://github.com/Superraptor/GSSO). Future work involves multiple language support efforts and empirical evaluation.

RFID Medical Equipment Tracking System Based on a Location-Based Service Technique

Healthcare is the fastest-growing service sector. Given the critical impact this industry has on human well-being, there is a continuing need to improve the quality of medical services. An RFID system is used to implement an indoor positioning system which tracks medical equipment in medical centers or other healthcare facilities. Develop a front-end platform application system for medical personnel uses. In RFID systems, data collected by and stored in remotely distributed tags are transmitted to readers, providing identification or positioning functions through non-contract bi-directional communication. The front-end platform application system for medical personnel uses was developed using Microsoft Visual Studio 2012, the Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) is developed in C#, and the interface is developed using XAML. This effectively separates interface development and its background logic, allowing UI designers and app developers to better cooperate and reduce maintenance and updating costs. SQLite is used for database development to ensure cross-platform and multiple language support. XAMPP is used for the Web Server. PEPD RFID provides medical staff with location and inventory information for medical devices and materials, helping staff to find such items quickly and accurately and thus enhancing patient care and hospital service quality. The proposed system allows medical staff to immediately locate and inventory specific medical equipment, thus improving work performance, service quality and inventory control.

Live Multi-language Development and Runtime Environments

Context: Software development tools should work and behave consistently across different programming languages, so that developers do not have to familiarize themselves with new tooling for new languages. Also, being able to combine multiple programming languages in a program increases reusability, as developers do not have to recreate software frameworks and libraries in the language they develop in and can reuse existing software instead. Inquiry: However, developers often have a broad choice of tools, some of which are designed for only one specific programming language. Various Integrated Development Environments have support for multiple languages, but are usually unable to provide a consistent programming experience due to different language-specific runtime features. With regard to language integrations, common mechanisms usually use abstraction layers, such as the operating system or a network connection, which are often boundaries for tools and hence negatively affect the programming experience. Approach: In this paper, we present a novel approach for tool reuse that aims to improve the experience with regard to working with multiple high-level dynamic, object-oriented programming languages. As part of this, we build a multi-language virtual execution environment and reuse Smalltalk's live programming tools for other languages. Knowledge: An important part of our approach is to retrofit and align runtime capabilities for different languages as it is a requirement for providing consistent tools. Furthermore, it provides convenient means to reuse and even mix software libraries and frameworks written in different languages without breaking tool support. Grounding: The prototype system Squimera is an implementation of our approach and demonstrates that it is possible to reuse both development tools from a live programming system to improve the development experience as well as software artifacts from different languages to increase productivity. Importance: In the domain of polyglot programming systems, most research has focused on the integration of different languages and corresponding performance optimizations. Our work, on the other hand, focuses on tooling and the overall programming experience.

Dhivehi OCR: Character Recognition of Thaana Script using Machine-Generated Text and Tesseract OCR Engine

This paper provides technical aspects and the context of recognising Dhivehi characters using Tesseract OCR Engine, which is a freely available OCR engine with remarkable accuracy and support for multiple languages. The experiments that were conducted showed promising results with 69.46% accuracy and, more importantly, highlighted limitations that are unique to Dhivehi. These issues have been discussed in detail and possible directions for future research are presented.

Methodological investigation for enhancing the usability of university websites

For university websites to be successful and to increase the chance of converting a prospective student into a current student, it is necessary to increase the visibility and accessibility of all related content so that a student can achieve their desired task in the fastest possible time. The criteria for evaluating university websites are very vague and are usually unknown to most developers, which adversely impacts the user-experience of the students visiting such websites. To solve this problem, we devised a usability metric and examined the leading university websites to analyze whether these websites were able to meet the requirements of students. In this research, we applied qualitative and quantitative approaches by considering 300 students and evaluating 86 university websites (26 from Canada, 30 from the United States, and 30 from Europe) based on a six-attribute metric comprising navigation, organization, ease of use (simplicity), design (layout), communication and content. From the evaluation results, we find that the 88% of the students are satisfied with our proposed usability attributes, but that most universities fail to meet basic standards of usability as desired by the students. The findings also show that the usability evaluation score for each usability feature varies from country to country, such as for (1) multiple language support − 23% of the Canadian websites, 63% of the European websites and none of the USA websites has the feature; for (2) Scholarships/Funding/Financial Aid link − 24% of the Canadian websites, 80% of the European and the USA websites has the feature; for (3) admission link − 88% of the Canadian websites, 20% of the European websites and 90% of the USA websites has the feature. In addition, from the evaluative result we find that our proposed approach will not only increase the usability of academic websites but will also provide an easiest way to covert prospective student inquiries into enrollment opportunities.

Parental Plurilingual Capital in a Monolingual Context: Investigating Strengths to Support Young Children in Early Childhood Settings

Parents who are plurilingual have a portfolio of assets they can use to support the language development of their children. This portfolio of assets is positioned as a strength that parents bring into their partnership with early childhood educators. However, not all parents who are plurilingual have the same assets in their language portfolios. Our study, using case studies of parents who have multiple languages and a desire to raise their children with more than one language, demonstrates that previous parental experiences with multiple languages, and intra-familial support for multiple languages combine to impact on parental language strengths and the expectations parents have of early childhood professionals. To build effective partnerships with parents, early childhood professionals need to understand the assets in parental language portfolios.

Digital image access: an exploration of the best practices of online resources

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the results of the first phase of a research project that aims to develop a bilingual interface for the retrieval of digital images. The main objective of this extensive exploration was to identify the characteristics and functionalities of existing search interfaces and similar tools available for image retrieval. Design/methodology/approach – An examination of 159 resources that offer image retrieval was carried out. First, general search functionalities offered by content-based image retrieval systems and text-based systems are described. Second, image retrieval in a multilingual context is explored. Finally, the search functionalities provided by four types of organisations (libraries, museums, image search engines and stock photography databases) are investigated. Findings – The analysis of functionalities offered by online image resources revealed a very high degree of consistency within the types of resources examined. The resources found to be the most navigable and interesting to use were those built with standardised vocabularies combined with a clear, compact and efficient user interface. The analysis also highlights that many search engines are equipped with multiple language support features. A translation device, however, is implemented in only a few search engines. Originality/value – The examination of best practices for image retrieval and the analysis of the real users' expectations, which will be obtained in the next phase of the research project, constitute the foundation upon which the search interface model that the authors propose to develop is based. It also provides valuable suggestions and guidelines for search engine researchers, designers and developers.

Online Content Publishing and Revenue Sharing: Strategies for Success

Internet is ubiquitous today and a part of almost every human endeavour. Web 2.0 has ushered in an era of widespread participation and communication on the internet. This has given rise to User Generated Content (UGC) which is created, accessed, modified and uploaded by the users. This has opened up many avenues; one among them is online content publishing with revenue sharing. This study is an attempt to study this nascent industry and get insights into their business models and make strategy recommendations for success. We prepared four case studies, three of the dominant players in the industry and one platform started and run by the authors themselves. An online survey was also conducted to study the perception of the customers. We recommend more promotional efforts to increase awareness, greater mobile platform optimization, advanced SEO strategies, multiple language support and easier and more transparent revue sharing process.

Sigiri: uniform resource abstraction for grids and clouds

SUMMARYWith the maturation of grid computing facilities and recent explosion of cloud computing data centers, midscale computational science has more options than ever before to satisfy computational needs. But heterogeneity brings complexity. We propose a simple abstraction for interaction with heterogeneous resource managers spanning grid and cloud computing and on features that make the tool useful for the midscale physical or natural scientist. Key strengths of the abstraction are its support for multiple standard job specification languages, preservation of direct user interaction with the service, removing the delay that can come through layers of services, and the predictable behavior under heavy loads. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Development and Implementation of a Surveillance Network System for Emerging Infectious Diseases in the Caribbean (ARICABA)

Dengue fever, including dengue hemorrhagic fever, has become a re-emerging public health threat in the Caribbean in the absence of a comprehensive regional surveillance system. In this deficiency, a project entitled ARICABA, strives to implement a pilot surveillance system across three islands: Martinique, St. Lucia, and Dominica. The aim of this project is to establish a network for epidemiological surveillance of infectious diseases, utilizing information and communication technology. This paper describes the system design and development strategies of a “network of networks” surveillance system for infectious diseases in the Caribbean. Also described are benefits, challenges, and limitations of this approach across the three island nations identified through direct observation, open-ended interviews, and email communications with an on-site IT consultant, key informants, and the project director. Identified core systems design of the ARICABA data warehouse include a disease monitoring system and a syndromic surveillance system. Three components comprise the development strategy: the data warehouse server, the geographical information system, and forecasting algorithms; these are recognized technical priorities of the surveillance system. A main benefit of the ARICABA surveillance system is improving responsiveness and representativeness of existing health systems through automated data collection, process, and transmission of information from various sources. Challenges include overcoming technology gaps between countries; real-time data collection points; multiple language support; and “component-oriented” development approaches.

Proteomics to go: Proteomatic enables the user-friendly creation of versatile MS/MS data evaluation workflows

We present Proteomatic, an operating system independent and user-friendly platform that enables the construction and execution of MS/MS data evaluation pipelines using free and commercial software. Required external programs such as for peptide identification are downloaded automatically in the case of free software. Due to a strict separation of functionality and presentation, and support for multiple scripting languages, new processing steps can be added easily. Proteomatic is implemented in C++/Qt, scripts are implemented in Ruby, Python and PHP. All source code is released under the LGPL. Source code and installers for Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux are freely available at http://www.proteomatic.org. michael.specht@uni-muenster.de Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Integration of the ST language in a model-based engineering environment for control systems: An approach for compiler implementation

In the context of the INTEGRA project, compilation and code generation features for behavior definition are to be integrated in an existing model-based engineering environment for control systems. The devised compiler architecture is domain-specific and provides support for multiple input languages and multiple target platforms. In this paper we discuss an architectural approach in which the compiling process is organized in two different stages: the compiling stage and the linking stage. The compiling stage generates target independent code from possibly multiple input languages. The linking stage assembles precompiled code modules and generates a target specific executable code for a given virtual machine. To be more specific this paper describes the integration of the ST language in the tool core meta-model and the ST compiler is presented as an application case study. .

Multiple language supports in search engines

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the multiple language support features in internet search engines. The diversity of the internet is reflected not only in its users, information formats and information content, but also in the languages used. As more and more information becomes available in different languages, multiple language support in a search engine becomes more important.Design/methodology/approachThe first step of this study is to conduct a survey about existing search engines and to identify search engines with multiple language support features. The second step is to analyse, compare, and characterise the multiple language support features in the selected search engines against the proposed five basic evaluation criteria after they are classified into three categories. Finally, the strengths and weaknesses of the multiple language support features in the selected search engines are discussed in detail.FindingsThe findings reveal that Google, EZ2Find, and Onlinelink respectively are the search engines with the best multiple language support features in their categories. Although many search engines are equipped with multiple language support features, an indispensable translation feature is implemented in only a few search engines. Multiple language support features in search engines remain at the lexical level.Originality/valueThe findings of the study will facilitate understanding of the current status of multiple language support in search engines, help users to effectively utilise multiple language support features in a search engine, and provide useful advice and suggestions for search engine researchers, designers and developers.

Unicode: support for multiple languages at the Ohio State University Libraries

Unicode is a standard for a universal character set for all of the scripts of the world’s languages It is one of the fundamental technological building blocks for international exchange of textual information, via computers. It is particularly important to libraries that house collections in many languages and written in various scripts. Ohio State University Libraries houses collections written in many non‐Latin scripts including Arabic, Hebrew, Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Cyrillic. Providing patrons with access to these materials has become much easier with the incorporation of Unicode into library systems and software. This article describes what needs to be in place on personal computers and in the library system in order to take advantage of Unicode as well as providing some guidelines to troubleshoot problems when they occur.