Support For Government Regulation Research Articles

What's in the black box? How algorithmic knowledge promotes corrective and restrictive actions to counter misinformation in the USA, the UK, South Korea and Mexico

PurposeWhile there has been a growing call for insights on algorithms given their impact on what people encounter on social media, it remains unknown how enhanced algorithmic knowledge serves as a countermeasure to problematic information flow. To fill this gap, this study aims to investigate how algorithmic knowledge predicts people's attitudes and behaviors regarding misinformation through the lens of the third-person effect.Design/methodology/approachFour national surveys in the USA (N = 1,415), the UK (N = 1,435), South Korea (N = 1,798) and Mexico (N = 784) were conducted between April and September 2021. The survey questionnaire measured algorithmic knowledge, perceived influence of misinformation on self and others, intention to take corrective actions, support for government regulation and content moderation. Collected data were analyzed using multigroup SEM.FindingsResults indicate that algorithmic knowledge was associated with presumed influence of misinformation on self and others to different degrees. Presumed media influence on self was a strong predictor of intention to take actions to correct misinformation, while presumed media influence on others was a strong predictor of support for government-led platform regulation and platform-led content moderation. There were nuanced but noteworthy differences in the link between presumed media influence and behavioral responses across the four countries studied.Originality/valueThese findings are relevant for grasping the role of algorithmic knowledge in countering rampant misinformation on social media, as well as for expanding US-centered extant literature by elucidating the distinctive views regarding social media algorithms and misinformation in four countries.

Does ESG Crowd Out Support For Government Regulation?

Does ESG Crowd Out Support For Government Regulation?

Expert stakeholders\u2019 perception of nanotechnology: risk, benefit, knowledge, and regulation

This study is positioned in a multidisciplinary research field addressing questions of innovation, foresight, risk perception, regulation, and the role of stakeholder experts as regards nanomaterials and nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is an innovative scientific field with many potential societal benefits but also high uncertainty about risks to human health and the environment. This study is based on a survey distributed to a sample of 237 expert stakeholders in Sweden working in the field of nanotechnology innovation and regulation. The sample comprises experts in both industry and government organizations. The paper explores the expert’s assessment of benefits, risks, and their views of nanotechnology regulation. The experts generally agreed on the need for further regulation of nanotechnology, although they differed in their support for different regulatory measures. Support for government regulation was increased by greater perceived risk and by ethical concerns, while perceived benefit decreased support for government regulation. If nanotechnology was important for the respondent’s organization of affiliation, support for government regulation decreased. Experts in government organizations were more in favor of stronger government regulation, perceived higher risks, and were more concerned about the ethical implications of nanotechnology than were the industry experts. While previous research has discussed views of experts, as well as comparing the attitudes of the general public with experts, this study contributes to the field by analyzing and identifying differences between industry experts and experts working in government.

Teens’ responses to Facebook newsfeed advertising: The effects of cognitive appraisal and social influence on privacy concerns and coping strategies

This study examines how cognitive (benefit-risk appraisal) and social factors (parent and peer communication) are associated with teenagers’ privacy concerns as well as individual and social coping strategies in dealing with Facebook newsfeed advertising. A survey conducted with U.S. teen Facebook users demonstrates that benefit appraisal (ad value and relevance) induces greater ad engagement, while risk perceptions (goal impediment, ad intrusiveness, and sponsorship deceptiveness) result in reactive coping strategies such as privacy concerns, ad avoidance, and regulatory control. Parental mediation has a positive impact on teens’ privacy concerns and ad avoidance, whereas peer communication makes teens less critical about advertising practices. Teens’ privacy concerns lead to ad disengagement and support for government regulation. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.

PENGARUH KEBIJAKAN PEMBINAAN PEMERINTAH TERHADAP KINERJA DAN STRUKTUR USAHA SUB SEKTOR INDUSTRI KECIL PENGGERAK EKONOMI DAERAH DI PROPINSI SUMATRA UTARA

The objective of this research is to analyze and find empirical evidence of the affects of the government establishment policy, including; tecnical training support, government regulation support, capitalization support, marketing support, industrial and trade technical guidance supported for business performance and industrial structure unit development.The most significant findings is the influence of the business performance on the business structure 0,8037. It is the highest coefficient value among the others. It proves that government is successful in arranging and managing its establishment by training support, government rules, capitalization, marketing, and industrial and trade technical guidance support as stated in Regulation No. 9, 1995 on the Small and Medium Enterprise Affair by increasing business structure from micro industry to small industry. Besides the main finding above, there are other research findings; the positive significance of the government rules on the business performance and business structure that do not support Vasant Desai Theory (2003), and the positive significance of the effects of the industrial and trade guidance on the business performance and doesn’t support Mulyadi research (1999).

Consumer Perspectives on Access to Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing: Role of Demographic Factors and the Testing Experience.

Policy Points: The policy context of direct‐to‐consumer personal genomic testing (DTC‐PGT) has been evolving over the last decade, with little empirical data available about consumers’ perspectives. A majority of consumers of DTC‐PGT supported expanded access to services and their integration into the medical context and opposed more governmental regulation. Consumers’ attitudes about access to services and regulation did not vary based on the specific genetic risk information they received from companies, but may vary based on whether consumers perceived their DTC experience negatively. ContextWhile policymakers have been considering the appropriateness of direct‐to‐consumer personal genomic testing (DTC‐PGT) for more than a decade, there is little empirical data on consumers’ views regarding the regulation of these products. No research has assessed whether consumers’ personal experience with testing is related to their views about access to and regulation of DTC tests.MethodsData were analyzed from the PGen Study, a longitudinal prospective cohort of DTC‐PGT customers of 23andMe (n = 564) and Pathway Genomics (n = 377; total N = 941). Consumers were sent an electronic survey before receiving genetic test results and again 6 months after receipt of results.FindingsAt the 6‐month follow‐up, more than 80% of participants believed that people have a right to access genetic information directly, that parents should be able to get DTC‐PGT testing for their children, and that genetic information should be kept private. Participants supported health insurance coverage of PGT (60%), wider availability of PGT (68%), and inclusion of genetic information in medical records (63%). Participants were less supportive of government regulation (28%) and restricting testing to clinical settings (14%). Conservative political ideology was associated with less support for government regulation (P < 0.001), as was feeling more confident in one's genetic knowledge (P < 0.05). Participants’ level of computed genetic risk for common diseases, as indicated by their actual test results received from companies, showed no relationship with attitudes. However, those who perceived that they had received elevated risk results expressed lower support for expanded availability and incorporation of PGT into health care (P < 0.01). Those who reported being upset by their genetic test results were less likely to endorse access to DTC products without a medical professional (P < 0.01).ConclusionsPGT consumers supported expanded access to these services and opposed additional regulation. Users who had a negative personal experience with PGT testing were less supportive of expanded availability without a medical professional.

PENGARUH KEBIJAKAN PEMBINAAN PEMERINTAH TERHADAP KINERJA DAN STRUKTUR USAHA SUB SEKTOR INDUSTRI KECIL PENGGERAK EKONOMI DAERAH DI PROPINSI SUMATRA UTARA

The objective of this research is to analyze and find empirical evidence of the affects of the government establishment policy, including; tecnical training support, government regulation support, capitalization support, marketing support, industrial and trade technical guidance supported for business performance and industrial structure unit development. The most significant findings is the influence of the business performance on the business structure 0,8037. It is the highest coefficient value among the others. It proves that government is successful in arranging and managing its establishment by training support, government rules, capitalization, marketing, and industrial and trade technical guidance support as stated in Regulation No. 9, 1995 on the Small and Medium Enterprise Affair by increasing business structure from micro industry to small industry. Besides the main finding above, there are other research findings; the positive significance of the government rules on the business performance and business structure that do not support Vasant Desai Theory (2003), and the positive significance of the effects of the industrial and trade guidance on the business performance and doesn’t support Mulyadi research (1999).

Elusive public support for us child care policy

ABSTRACTMost U.S. parents are in the paid labor force (US Department of Labor Statistics. (2014). Women in the labor force: A databook. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/opub/reports/cps/women-in-the-labor-force-a-databook-2014.pdf). Using a purposive non-probability sample (N = 415) of primarily upper-middle class, married White Democratic women, this study explores support for government regulation, funding, and provision of child care and the factors and context that may shape their beliefs. Although some respondents held reservations about government involvement, over 80% indicated that government should play a role in regulating care for children in all age categories (0–3, 4–5, and 6–12). Eighty-nine percent supported some form of government financial support for child care, and 58% and 61% saw a role for provision of child care for children age 0–5 and 6–12, respectively. Both regression analyses and qualitative responses indicated that support for a government role in child care was influenced by parents’ own difficulties finding affordable and sufficiently comprehensive care, and the number of children they had. We provide recommendations for how best to target these groups of parents to support child care advocacy campaigns, tapping into their own struggles as a source of empathy for others as well as an impetus to shift toward a more universal notion of government support for child care.

Ethics and Skeptics: What Lies Behind Ethical Codes in Occupational Health

Ethical codes, or systems, are conditioned and their enforcement is permitted by social processes and attitudes. In occupational health, our efforts to adhere to our own ethical frameworks often are undermined by forces and interests outside the field. Failure to acknowledge the profoundly social nature of ethical codes impedes our ability to anticipate consequences, to legitimate decisions based on utility and benefit, and to find social structures that support, rather than invalidate, our view of ethical behavior. We examine three sets of social philosophies. Jane Jacobs, the visionary urban planner, has written Systems of Survival: A Dialogue on the Moral Foundations of Commerce and Politics, which is a restatement in modern terms of a critical passage in Plato's most important dialogue, the Republic. She (and Plato) postulate two major ethical systems, renamed here the "guardian system," which is characterized by loyalty, cohesiveness, and confidentiality, and the "marketplace system," which is characterized by trade, decentralization, and shared information. Occupational health, in this formulation, often runs afoul of the guardian mentality and also may be subject to inappropriate negotiation and compromise in the marketplace system. George Lakoff, a semiotician, has written Moral Politics: What Conservatives Know That Liberals Don't, which argues that there are two fundamental social paradigms based on concepts of the family. One, which he calls the Strict Father, emphasizes discipline, the positive aspects of taking risks, and the need to individuals to be self-sufficient. The other, which he calls the Nurturing Parent, emphasizes empowerment, the positive aspects of security, and the need for community and relationships. Occupational health practice violates aspects of both and therefore is supported by neither. Classical Chinese thought involved many schools of thought, including Confucianism and Legalism. It has been suggested that Confucianism provides little support for government regulation or occupational health, however this is questioned. Occupational health may improve its standing as a social priority by recognizing and maneuvering within social frameworks that accomodate it, rejecting social frameworks that invalidate it, and reinforcing positive cultural trends within society that support it.