Supply Zone Research Articles

Numerical study on bed-side curtains and ventilation arrangement for mitigating COVID-19 risks in a shipboard ward with heat sources

Ward-acquired infections (WAIs) has become a critical concern, particularly for ships with limited resources. An assessment approach combining validated computational fluid dynamics and the novel Wells-Riley assessment method is proposed to evaluate risks in a shipboard ward. Subsequently, the effects of ventilation, bed-side curtains, and non-adiabatic boundaries on substantial aerosol dispersion are analysed, including X/Y directional walkways (activity zones). Results show that patients with severe symptoms can be prioritized for the exhaust zone rather than the supply zone, and the maximum reduction in suspended particles can differ up to 3-folds. Bed-side curtains can decrease the average risk by −26 % and −48 %/−32 %, respectively, for X/Y directional walkways. Moreover, the average risk increases by approximately +21 % and +14 %/+11 % for X/Y directional walkways under a low air change rate (ACH) of 6 h−1. Considering the non-adiabatic boundary, the average risk reduction is approximately −6.2 % for winter and −7.0 % for summer. It supports that bed-side curtains and a recommended ACH of 12 h−1 are effective in reducing risk. The heat transfer through walls has a marginal effect on risks. Overall, this study provides a framework for predicting and analysing spatial-temporal exposure risks. Better strategies can be developed for protecting medical staff from WAIs.

Examining the distance-decay effect on obsidian lithic technological organization and its implications for raw material transportation: A case study from the Upper Paleolithic of Northeast Asia

This study conducts a comprehensive quantitative comparative analysis of the Upper Paleolithic obsidian industry in Northeast China and South Korea, examining the human adaptation, exploitation, and distribution of obsidian, juxtaposed with migration and interaction dynamics across the Mount Paektu (Paektusan) and Korean Peninsula. Integrating distance-decay theory with the hunter-gatherer social network model, and informed by new archaeological findings, our research addresses three vital domains: the supply zone of Paektusan obsidian, dispersal patterns, and lithic technological strategies correlated to obsidian availability.An obsidian raw material supply zone hypothesized to extend 100 km from Paektusan is established based on artifact frequency and size variations. Through a novel statistical approach, coupled with extensive database analysis of artifacts from three recent Northeast China excavations and existing Sino-Korean literature, our findings indicate a higher exploitation intensity of limited obsidian resources in South Korea, manifesting in specialized microlith use. The comparative analysis across five distance groups and Least Cost Path (LCP) models suggests the possibility of more geographically restricted southward material transport to South Korea. This research advances our understanding of the regional prehistoric exchange networks and offers fresh insights into the technological organization within the Upper Paleolithic obsidian industries of Northeast Asia. It underscores potential variations in raw material conveyance loss and foreshadows the investigative opportunities that may emerge from future data accessibility in North Korea.

Economics of sustainable lignocellulose biomass and biofuel logistics in Malaysia

Lignocellulose biomass is an inedible and renewable resource that can be used to produce biofuels sustainably and thus help to mitigate climate change while helping to ensure energy security. Tropical countries like Malaysia are assumed to have abundant biomass resources, but the fragmented farming landscapes common in Southeast Asia raise challenges for biofuel production, which largely stem from logistics operations and have an adverse impact on economies of scale and the viability of biorefineries. This thesis seeks to understand the costs and supplies associated with biomass transport, assess the impacts of landscape fragmentation on biorefineries, and identify optimum biorefinery locations. Ten sources of biomass (agroforestry residues from fields, sawmills, and processing plants) were considered, taking into account various logistical factors, supply scenarios, and impacts of landscape fragmentation. The study began with a simulation of biomass transport across Peninsular Malaysia, using GRASS GIS software to estimate costs and supplies. Eighty-nine points within each district were designated as potential locations. Biomass transport was recorded as a major cost component in operational expenditures. The capital expenditures for various conversion pathways and biorefinery operations were estimated across relevant orders of magnitude, with the biofuel supplies also being simulated. The study identified four optimum locations for various types of biomass, presenting detailed cost and supply structures. The two most competitive biomass types are rice straw and pressed palm fibre (PPF). Costs ranged a) from 130.6 to 206.3 USD/tonne, yielding 0.47 to 0.97 million tonnes of PPF fermented biofuel per year, and b) 123.2 to 207.8 USD/tonne for rice straw, yielding 0.49 to 0.56 million tonnes of fermented biofuel per year. In tonnes of oil equivalent (toe), both together amounted to 5–7% of Malaysia’s annual petroleum consumption. Surprisingly, the findings suggest that an abundance of biomass does not necessarily result in lower biofuel costs, because factors such as spatial fragmentation and moisture content amplify transport costs. Our analysis emphasises the need for strategic planning, including the use of larger trucks, early moisture removal, and the establishment of local consolidation centres to manage biomass effectively. It highlights the need for a more holistic and strategic approach in order to understand supply zone specifics with a view to unlocking Malaysia’s potential for sustainable biofuel production.

Программное обеспечение для расчета режима орошения томатов открытого грунта

Purpose: automation of calculations of the irrigation regime for open ground tomatoes based on the developed software. Materials and methods. The basis is a methodology of calculating and adjusting the irrigation regime of tomatoes, including determination of the total evaporation and soil moisture, the timing and quantity of irrigation using the calculation method with a mathematical model based on the relationship between bioclimatic coefficients and the sum of average daily temperatures or evaporation on the field on an accrual total from the beginning of the crop growing season to the ripening period, as well as the results of the Crimea zoning according to moisture conditions. Results and discussion. To automate the calculations, an algorithm for calculating soil moisture in relation to evaporation, which was implemented in Microsoft Excel software was developed. Bioclimatic coefficients of water consumption were determined taking into account the sum of temperatures above 12 °C and evaporation on an accrual total from sprouting or sowing seedlings. The obtained calculated dependencies for determining the bioclimatic coefficients of water consumption of open ground tomatoes cultivated in different moisture supply zones of the Crimea, make it possible to calculate and adjust the irrigation regime for years with different precipitation levels with high approximation reliability. Using the software, the design regime for irrigation of open ground tomatoes including watering and irrigation rates, frequency of irrigation, which were determined on the moisture coefficient of the territory and the year of 50, 75 or 95 % precipitation was calculated. Conclusions. Effective cultivation of agricultural crops, and especially vegetables, largely depends on the irrigation regimes used. Increasing the accuracy of calculations of the main elements of the irrigation regime through the use of modern software will allow optimizing the water resources use to achieve the planned productivity.

Short-term Load Forecasting of Distribution Transformer Supply Zones Based on Federated Model-Agnostic Meta Learning

Short-term Load Forecasting of Distribution Transformer Supply Zones Based on Federated Model-Agnostic Meta Learning

Addressing personalized thermal comfort in residential settings: A novel dual-supply vent air conditioner

A new approach was proposed for meeting diverse thermal comfort demands of different occupants by using a dual-supply vent air conditioner with independent control of the air supply parameters at each vent to establish distinct thermal environments. The feasibility of this method was tested in a living room environment, and numerical simulation was conducted to explore the differences in thermal environment at various locations under different air supply temperatures, velocities, directions, and vent positions. The results indicated that, within the targeted air supply zone, the maximum temperature difference could reach around 2.5 °C. Considering the Cooling Effect of air velocity, the maximum Equivalent Temperature difference was around 4.5 °C, which could address the differences in common personalized thermal comfort preference. Utilizing the differential air supply velocities of different vents was an effective means of achieving diverse thermal environments, although attention should be paid to local thermal discomfort caused by drafts. This approach may offer a new perspective in addressing the differing thermal comfort preferences among occupants within the same residential room, additionally providing innovative insights for improving traditional air conditioning systems.

Study on the Optimization of Multi-Objective Water Resources Allocation in the Henan Yellow River Water Supply Zone

With the continuous growth in the global population, rapid socioeconomic development, and the impacts of factors like climate change, we are facing increasingly severe challenges regarding water scarcity. The scientific and rational allocation of water resources has become a key factor in ensuring sustainable development. The Henan Yellow River water supply zone occupies a crucial position in the socioeconomic development of Henan Province. Currently, there is a shortage of water resources with relatively low utilization rates. To alleviate the contradiction between water supply and demand, a study on the optimization of water resources (with p = 90%) for the years 2025 and 2030 was conducted. In this study, we constructed a multi-objective optimization model with the objectives of maximizing economic benefits, minimizing total water shortage, and maximizing water use efficiency. The second-generation non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) was utilized to solve this model. The results indicate that by 2025, the optimized allocation of water resources will correspond to 17.663 billion m3, reducing the average water shortage rate in the research area to 9.69%. By 2030, the optimized allocation of water resources will further increase to 18.363 billion m3, bringing down the average water shortage rate to 8.34%. Concurrently, the supply structure of the research area will significantly improve after optimization. This is manifested through an increase in the proportion of surface water supply and a substantial rise in the proportion of supply from other water sources, while the proportion of groundwater supply noticeably decreases. These research findings can serve as a reference for the rational utilization and distribution of water resources in the future and can also offer insights for optimizing water resource allocation in other regions.

Assessment and Enhancement of Ecosystem Service Supply Efficiency Based on Production Possibility Frontier: A Case Study of the Loess Plateau in Northern Shaanxi

Enhancing the supply efficiency of ecosystem services plays a central role in improving both natural ecosystems and human well-being. Taking the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi as an example, this study utilizes InVEST to assess the ecosystem services of water yield and habitat quality. The optimal solutions for the combination of these two services are calculated on the basis of the Pareto principle. The production possibility frontier curves for the two services are fitted, and the services’ supply efficiency is measured. Furthermore, this study employs ordinary least squares and geographically weighted regression to analyze the dominant factors affecting supply efficiency. The results comprise the following findings: (1) There are eighteen solutions representing the optimal combinations between the two services. (2) The supply efficiency of the two services increases from northwest to southeast in spatial distribution. (3) The dominant factors vary among different zones of supply efficiency. Population, hydrology, and gross domestic product (GDP) are the dominant factors in the general-efficiency, sub-low-efficiency, and low-efficiency supply zones, respectively. Hydrology, NDVI, and GDP are the dominant factors in the sub-high-efficiency supply zone, while GDP, terrain, and population are the dominant factors in the high-efficiency supply zone. In conclusion, this paper proposes recommendations for reducing trade-offs and enhancing supply efficiency between ecosystem services. These include dynamic supervising for the high-efficiency supply zone, moderate greening in the sub-high-efficiency supply zone, stabilizing the population in the general-efficiency supply zone, and reducing development intensity in low- and sub-low-efficiency zones. The study reveals the potential and approaches for improving the supply of ecosystem services and offers guidance for formulating ecological protection plans.

Multi-attribute two-echelon location routing: Formulation and dynamic discretization discovery approach

We study the two-echelon location-routing system under tight synchronization constraints, in addition to several other interacting attributes. Prompted, in particular, by city-logistics applications, the system we address concerns a two-echelon distribution layout composed of a set of platform facilities and a set of intermediate satellite facilities to deliver freight from supply zones outside the city to customers within. The problem setting includes time-dependent multicommodity demand, time windows, lack of storage capacity at intermediate facilities, and synchronization at these facilities of the fleets operating on different echelons. The problem requires the selection of facilities at both levels, the allocation of suppliers to platforms and of customers to satellites, and the routing and scheduling of vehicles at each echelon, in order to deliver the freight from platforms to customers, through the satellites. The lack of storage capacity of the shared facilities, the satellites, requires tight scheduling of the vehicle routes and demand itineraries, i.e., departure times from the platforms and satellites, and the synchronization of vehicle routes at satellites for efficient transshipment operations. We introduce the problem setting, present a mixed-integer programming formulation, and a dynamic discretization discovery-based exact solution method for the problem. We perform thorough analyses to assess the impact of the problem attributes and requirements on the system behaviour and algorithm performance.

Mapping Slaughterhouse Supply Zones in the Brazilian Amazon with Cattle Transit Records

Mapping slaughterhouse supply zones is crucial for assessing cattle concentration, environmental impact, and promoting sustainable practices. This study combines cattle transit records (GTA in Portuguese) with rural property boundaries (CAR in Portuguese) to map these zones in the Brazilian Amazon. It evaluates the influence of Zero-Deforestation Cattle Agreements (CA) and explores the overlap between CA and non−CA slaughterhouse supply zones. Results reveal that CA slaughterhouse supply zones significantly impact forest preservation and cover a large area equivalent to entire municipalities. Over two-thirds of the study region, including most non-protected areas, falls within these zones. There is a high degree of overlap (95%) with non−CA supply zones, indicating competition for suppliers and limited expansion potential for CA. Direct and indirect suppliers are located nearby, with approximately 80% of indirect suppliers within 100 km of direct suppliers. Consequently, supply zones for both types of suppliers largely overlap. These findings demonstrate that assessing slaughterhouse deforestation risk for the entire supply chain in our study region can be achieved by mapping only the direct suppliers. This research provides valuable insights into cattle concentration, the effectiveness of zero-deforestation commitments, and the need for sustainable practices in the slaughterhouse industry.

A Rank Analysis and Ensemble Machine Learning Model for Load Forecasting in the Nodes of the Central Mongolian Power System

Forecasting electricity consumption is currently one of the most important scientific and practical tasks in the field of electric power industry. The early retrieval of data on expected load profiles makes it possible to choose the optimal operating mode of the system. The resultant forecast accuracy significantly affects the performance of the entire electrical complex and the operating conditions of the electricity market. This can be achieved through using a model of total electricity consumption designed with an acceptable margin of error. This paper proposes a new method for predicting power consumption in all nodes of the power system through the determination of rank coefficients calculated directly for the corresponding voltage level, including node substations, power supply zones, and other parts of the power system. The forecast of the daily load schedule and the construction of a power consumption model was based on the example of nodes in the central power system in Mongolia. An ensemble of decision trees was applied to construct a daily load schedule and rank coefficients were used to simulate consumption in the nodes. Initial data were obtained from daily load schedules, meteorological factors, and calendar features of the central power system, which accounts for the majority of energy consumption and generation in Mongolia. The study period was 2019–2021. The daily load schedules of the power system were constructed using machine learning with a probability of 1.25%. The proposed rank analysis for power system zones increases the forecasting accuracy for each zone and can improve the quality of management and create more favorable conditions for the development of distributed generation.

A TRAM Flap Harvesting Technique for Breast Reconstruction Surgery after Mastectomy

Introduction. Currently, the best option for breast reconstruction surgery after mastectomy is TRAM-flap harvesting on a vascular pedicle from the inferior epigastric artery with taking one or two rectus abdominis muscles. However, it is widely reported about cases of marginal necrosis of the lower TRAM flap in the recipient zone. This is due to the area of obstructed blood flow "choke" at the site of anastomosis of the terminal muscular branches of the superior and inferior epigastric arteries.The aim of the study was to investigate the applied topographical features of the lower epigastric arteries in the thickness of the rectus abdominis muscles in women.Materials and methods. The main trunk of the inferior epigastric artery and its terminal branches (III and IV blood supply zones) were dissected on the muscular-aponeurotic flap of the anterior abdominal wall in the thickness of the rectus abdominis muscle in 18 non-fixed female corpses to identify the lower site of arterial anastomosis of the muscular branches. The authors measured the distance from the white line of the abdomen to the point of entry of the studied artery into the thickness of the rectus abdominis muscle, the length of the main trunk, and the vertical distance from the conditional horizontal line drawn through the upper semicircle of the umbilical ring to the beginning of the inferior epigastric artery branching (the "choke" zone). Research results. The length of the major trunk of the inferior epigastric artery from the level of perforation of the posterior wall of the aponeurotic sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle to the beginning of its division averaged 5.70.8 cm. The level of division of the major trunk into muscular branches of the inferior epigastric artery on the left and right, and, consequently, the choke zone, was always higher than the level of the umbilical ring. The distance from the conditional horizontal line drawn through the upper semicircle of the umbilical ring to the beginning of the branching of the major trunk averaged 1.40.9 cm.Conclusion. The data obtained on the typical anatomy of the inferior epigastric arteries in women may allow improving the TRAM flap harvesting on the musculovascular pedicle technique in order to reduce the risk of developing marginal skin necrosis in the recipient zone.

The Role of Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Ischemic Stroke.

Ischaemic stroke is a sudden neurological disorder caused by localised cerebral ischaemia and persistent cerebral infarction. Occlusion of large arteries due to atherothrombosis, cerebral embolism (i.e., embolic infarction), no thrombotic occlusion in small, deep cerebral arteries (i.e., lacunar infarction), and stenosis of proximal arteries due to hypotension leading to decreased cerebral blood flow in arterial supply zones are the most common causes of ischemic stroke (i.e., hemodynamic stroke). It is now known that organelles play an important role in various signaling events and cellular functions. The molecular mechanisms of mitochondria are involved in cerebral ischemia by generating and scavenging reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, and inflammation are all examples of electron transport chain dysfunction. More knowledge about the involvement of mitochondria in ischemia-induced neuronal death and neuronal protection will contribute to the development of better treatment programs for stroke syndromes such as ischemic stroke.

Do social and ecological indicators have the same effect on the subjective well-being of residents?

The study of the association between the socioecological system and people's subjective well-being (SWB) is crucial to improve residents' lives and achieve balanced regional development. However, it is challenging to quantitatively identify the specific association path and the contributions of both social and ecological factors to residents' SWB. In this study, we construct a framework for research on associations with SWB from a socioecological perspective. A resource-based city in rapid transition, Wuhai, China, was chosen as the research area. The effects of social characteristics and ecosystem services on residents' SWB were analyzed using questionnaires and multilevel linear models under different matching conditions of ecosystem services supply and demand. The results show differences in residents' SWB among different ecosystem service supply and demand zones. The contribution rates of social characteristics and ecosystem services to SWB differences were 93.98% and 6.02%, respectively. Compared with the SWB of urban residents, that of residents in suburban and rural areas is more affected by ecosystem services. In addition, provisioning services have a more significant association with residents' SWB than regulating services, especially for elderly and low-income people. The results show that in resource-based cities undergoing rapid transformation, the government should protect essential ecosystem services and focus on improving the employment and education levels of rural residents to effectively enhance their SWB and ensure the stable development of the socioecological system.

Ecological function zoning of Nansi Lake Basin in China based on ecosystem service bundles.

Ecological function zoning is an essential means of scientific management of ecosystems. According to the characteristics of ecological function zoning, implementing zoning control is conducive to the governance and protection of the ecological environment and the maintenance of ecological sustainability. This study was conducted with the Nansi Lake Basin as the cross-section for 2018. The Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs model was adopted to assess and measure five ecosystem services, including water yield, crop production, soil conservation, carbon storage and carbon sequestration, and habitat quality. The Self-Organizing Feature Maps neural network was applied to obtain the ecosystem service bundles, and then, the ecological function zones were divided. The results indicated that the overall spatial pattern of ecosystem services in the study zone showed a decreasing schema from east to west; There was a trade-off between supply services and support services and a synergy between supply services and regulatory services; according to the bundling results, the Nansi Lake Basin was divided into four ecological functional zones: the eastern ecological surplus zone, the central crop supply zone, the western ecological balance zone, and the lake habitat protection zone. The results showed that (1) the spatial distribution of various ecosystem services in the Nansi Lake Basin showed spatial heterogeneity and specific regional laws, showing a decreasing pattern from the east to the west as a whole, especially in soil conservation, carbon sequestration, and habitat quality. (2) According to the supply and spatial distribution of each ecosystem service, the Nansi Lake Basin was divided into four ecological functional zones: the eastern ecological surplus zone, the central crop supply zone, the western ecological balance zone, and the lake habitat protection zone. (3) For zone I, provisioning services and regulation services were in synergy. For zone II and zone III, the provisioning service had a trade-off relationship with the regulation service and the supporting service. For zone IV, supporting services were trade-offs not only with provisioning services but also with regulating services. In general, the trade-offs between ecosystem service in the Nansi Lake Basin were stronger than the synergies, and the overall benefits of ecosystem services were smaller. Relying on the perspective of the ecosystem service bundles, at the county level, this study provided an analysis of the trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem services in the Nansi Lake Basin, which helped formulate the management plan for the corresponding region and provided the appropriate recommendations for regional habitat conservation and restoration.

An integrated sustainable bio-fuel and bio-energy supply chain: A novel approach based on DEMATEL and fuzzy-random robust flexible programming with [formula omitted] measure

The viability of the Indian government’s green initiative to blend 20% fuel grade ethanol with gasoline is investigated by modelling a sustainable integrated bio-fuel and bio-energy supply chain with multiple echelons in order to address the dual crisis of fossil fuels, i.e., environmental as well as gradually diminishing reserves. In order to find the best strategic and planning decisions, a multi-objective mixed integer programming model is developed that analyses the supply chain from a technological, economic, environmental, and social standpoints while handling various feedstocks, supply zones, products, and multiple periods. The drawbacks in addressing the uncertainty in the parameter as well as risk in decision making are overcome by introducing a novel fuzzy-random robust flexible programming approach based on Me measure and probabilistic programming. The presented model incorporates hybrid uncertainty, flexible constraints and a convex mixture of optimistic-pessimistic perspective of decision maker. A hybrid strategy combining the fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method and the multi-choice reference point goal programming with S-shaped utility function is presented to solve the generated multi-objective model. A case study in West Bengal, India is then performed that envisages the economic, environmental and social aspects of a bio-fuel and bio-energy supply chain.

Modern methods of surgical treatment of patients with meniscus injuries (literature review)

To date, arthroscopy is a universal method of diagnosis and treatment of the knee joint. Thanks to arthroscopic visualization, it made it possible to subdivide meniscal ruptures into their morphological types, such as horizontal rupture, longitudinal rupture, radial rupture, watering can handle-type rupture, meniscus root rupture. However, operations that are performed due to meniscus damage are among the most frequent in traumatology and orthopedics. The main and most commonly performed types of arthroscopic operations for meniscal damage are partial resection and reconstruction of menisci by suturing. Currently, the most modern concept is the surgical treatment of meniscal injuries, not only taking into account the morphological type of ruptures, but also the regenerative ability of menisci with the allocation of blood supply zones. At the same time, specialists, even with general information about the anatomy of menisci, morphology of ruptures, diagnostic methods and complications, do not have a common opinion about modern methods of surgical treatment of meniscus ruptures. Therefore, we decided to analyze the data of modern literature and find out what modern methods of surgical treatment of patients with meniscus ruptures exist. Our goal is to introduce readers to modern methods of surgical treatment of patients with meniscus ruptures. In the presented literature review, based on scientific data over the past 10 years from scientific databases NCBI Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Healio Orthopedics, Medline, such methods of surgical treatment of menisci as partial resection, reconstruction of menisci using techniques outside-in, inside-out, everything inside, including using a self-regulating fixator are highlighted, as well as an approach to surgical treatment of meniscus root rupture.

Hydrocarbon dominant migration direction and accumulation mode in Qijiang area, Sichuan Basin, China

The high‐quality hydrocarbon source rocks developed in the Longtan Formation of the Qijiang area and the good reservoir capacity of the overlying dolomite of the Jialingjiang Formation indicate that the area has great exploration potential. To clarify the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation characteristics of the area, the fluid potential of the Longtan Formation in the Qijiang area in the Early Jurassic was determined. The direction of the maximum negative gradient of the fluid potential indicates the direction of the primary migration of hydrocarbons, and the structural ridge theory is used to analyse the direction of the secondary migration of hydrocarbons. The results show that the fluid potential of the hydrocarbon source rocks of the Longtan Formation in the Early Jurassic is characterized by the alternate distribution of high potential zones and low‐potential zones. The central syncline, eastern syncline and western syncline are drainage zones and high potential zones, while the Shiyougou structural belt and Fo'er Ya structural belt are supply zones and low‐potential zones. The oil and gas fluids migrate from the east–west direction to the anticlinal zone for the primary migration; the structural ridge controls the secondary migration of oil and gas in the low‐potential area along the north–south direction, resulting in a zonal distribution of oil and gas traps along the structural ridge. By combining fluid potential and structural ridge characteristics to determine the dominant direction of primary and secondary hydrocarbon migration, a model of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in the Qijiang area is developed, which provides an important basis for finding hydrocarbon reservoirs.

Anatomical variability of kidney arterial vasculature based on zonal and segmental topography

IntroductionTo date, there is no unified approach to the lobar, zonal, and segmental structure of the kidney vasculature. There is no recognizable approach to define basic characteristics in regard to the lobes and segments identifying of the kidney. The branching of the renal artery has often been the subject of scientific research. This study aimed to analyze the arterial anatomy on the basis of zonal and segmental topography. Materials and methodsThis study is a prospective cadaver study on autopsy material using corrosion casting and CT imaging techniques. The arterial vasculature was visualized using corrosive casting. In this study, 116 vascular casts were included. We identified the number of arteries in the kidney hilum, their topography, branching variations of the renal artery, and local blood supply zones of renal masses considering second- and third-order renal artery branches. We used a micro-CT BRUKER SkyScan 1178, digital camera, Mimics-8.1, and R. ResultsThis study has shown that RA divides into two or three zonal arteries, forming a two- or three-zonal vascular supply system. In the case of the two-zonal system, 54.3% of cases accounted for RA branching into ventral and dorsal arteries, whereas 15.5% of cases referred to superior polar and inferior polar zonal arteries. The three-zonal system implies 4 types of RA branching: 1) superior polar, ventral, and dorsal zonal branches (12.9%); 2) ventral, dorsal, and inferior polar zonal branches (9.5%); 3) two ventral and one dorsal zonal branches (5.2%), and 4) superior polar, central, and inferior polar zonal branches (2.5%). ConclusionsThe results of this research make us reconsider Grave's classification theory.

The importance and the effectiveness of cultural ecosystem services provided by parks in the city of Kyiv during the war in Ukraine

In Ukraine, during the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war, rapid economic and social changes took place, the war caused a massive reduction and destruction of cities, and the environmental situation worsened due to which the cultural services of the ecosystem decreased. Such changes provide an opportunity for the remaining cities to improve the quality of the environment through urban green spaces and solve the problem of meeting the aspirations of the community. The purpose of the study was to identify the importance and effectiveness of eight cultural ecosystem services during the war for park visitors in Kyiv. The following methods were used in the study: field survey (route), analytical, systematisation, sociological, socio-psychological, statistical. The Likert psychometric scale was used to survey visitors of two parks in Kyiv to identify the importance and effectiveness of eight cultural ecosystem services provided by parks. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics. It was established that during the war, the visitors of the parks “Yunist” and “Sovky” noted the importance and effectiveness of such cultural ecosystem services as recreation, aesthetics, and nature awareness. It is determined that young people aged 16-30 and 51-60 are most in need of such services, and social relations in both Yunist and Sovky parks for all age categories are located in the reserve zone of service supply. The proven that effectiveness and importance of such services as cultural heritage and spiritual enrichment are the lowest for all age categories. Almost half of the visitors in the two parks provided suggestions for improving the quality of the environment, the greatest need was to increase the number of plantings and improve the improvement of territory, in the park “Sovky” respondents stated the need cultural heritage. It was established that the quality of plantings and the location of parks affected the overall satisfaction of visitors. Respondents’ satisfaction with the cultural ecosystem services of Sovky park is higher than that of Yunist park. The results of the studies can be used to improve the quality of cultural ecosystem services in the Sovky and Yunist parks