Supply Topology Research Articles

Research and economic evaluation on novel pulse superconducting magnet power supply topology with energy storage for fusion devices

Large capacity fusion devices power supply poses a significant challenge to the stability of power grid, as it can lead to power outages and jeopardize the safety of fusion devices. And traditional distribution methods result in a significant waste of resources. This paper proposes novel topologies with integrated energy storage. In these topologies, high-amplitude pulsed power is supplied by the energy storage devices, while low-amplitude stable power is obtained from the grid. This decouples the pulsed power from power grid, and significantly reducing its impact. Moreover, it can reduce the design capacity of distribution equipment and lowers investment costs. To optimize the deployment of the energy storage device, a hybrid topology is proposed, which further reducing the cost of the novel power supply. Additionally, a cost model for the fusion power supply is developed and validated using simulation data from ITER. Through the case study shows that the HEPS topology saves more than 10 % of the investment cost and about 60 % of the annual operating cost compared to the traditional converter topology.

Uninterruptible Power Supply Topology Based on Single-Phase Matrix Converter with Active Power Filter Functionality

Uninterruptible Power Supply Topology Based on Single-Phase Matrix Converter with Active Power Filter Functionality

Performance Evaluation of Sinusoidal Power Supplies for Ozone Generation in Water Purification Applications.

Ozone generation is a water disinfection method, superior to chlorine in terms of fewer byproducts and no residual taste. However, its high production cost limits its widespread adoption. This paper designs an ozone generation sinusoidal power supply for water treatment. Ozone generation requires a high-frequency and high-voltage power supply to produce ozone from oxygen molecules. The study evaluates two power supply topologies, one with a parallel LC filter and the other with an LCL filter, assessing their feasibility, effectiveness, and reliability. Theoretically, the LCL filter achieves higher gains than the parallel LC filter. The larger inductance in the parallel LC filter reduces gain, while the larger inductance in the LCL filter increases gain. Simulation and practical results validate these findings, achieving gains of 40 for the parallel LC filter and 150 for the LCL filter.

To the question of construction of welding inverter sources with a high power factor

Purpose. Design a power-factor-corrected, energy- and cost-efficient switchmode power supply for welding. Methodology. It is proposed to use the principle of direct conversion and to develop the "hybrid" power circuit consisting of a main power path using direct conversion and an auxiliary power path having a converter with an intermediate DC link with relatively low stored energy. Since a load to the welding power supply is the welding arc, its instantaneous power fluctuations during the mains voltage period essentially do not influence the welding process due to the thermal constant of the weld pool molten metal. Effective use of this features of the welding arc allows to optimize the power processing, reduce the amount of energy stored in the reactive elements of the circuit and improve the economical, mass and dimensional parameters of the supplies. Findings. A new power factor corrected switchmode power supply topology is proposed utilizing beforementioned principles of power processing. The algorithm for calculating the switching frequency of supply power switches is given. To confirm the adequacy of the developed provisions, an experimental sample of the power supply was created. Oscillograms of mains voltage and source current consumption and oscillograms in output current limitation mode are obtained. The results of experiments showed that the supply has a power factor > 0.94 in a wide range of powers. Originality. A distinctive feature of the supply is the absence of additional inductive components in the power path, a lower capacitance of the DC-link bulk capacitor and a simplified scheme for limiting its inrush current during initial charging. The supply has an increased open circuit voltage, independent of the mains voltage, which allows for easy arc ignition during manual arc welding. Practical value. Due to the increased power factor, the current drawn from the mains is 30 % to 45 % lower than that of widespread inverter supplies without a power factor corrector. These features allow to simultaneously use more power supply units with the same mains current load, and/or to provide stable welding in conditions of a "weak" mains.

A Comprehensive Review on the Power Supply System of Hydrogen Production Electrolyzers for Future Integrated Energy Systems

Hydrogen energy is regarded as an ideal solution for addressing climate change issues and an indispensable part of future integrated energy systems. The most environmentally friendly hydrogen production method remains water electrolysis, where the electrolyzer constructs the physical interface between electrical energy and hydrogen energy. However, few articles have reviewed the electrolyzer from the perspective of power supply topology and control. This review is the first to discuss the positioning of the electrolyzer power supply in the future integrated energy system. The electrolyzer is reviewed from the perspective of the electrolysis method, the market, and the electrical interface modelling, reflecting the requirement of the electrolyzer for power supply. Various electrolyzer power supply topologies are studied and reviewed. Although the most widely used topology in the current hydrogen production industry is still single-stage AC/DC, the interleaved parallel LLC topology constructed by wideband gap power semiconductors and controlled by the zero-voltage switching algorithm has broad application prospects because of its advantages of high power density, high efficiency, fault tolerance, and low current ripple. Taking into account the development trend of the EL power supply, a hierarchical control framework is proposed as it can manage the operation performance of the power supply itself, the electrolyzer, the hydrogen energy domain, and the entire integrated energy system.

A High-Precision Flat-Top Pulsed Power Supply Topology Based on SFPFN and Active Coupled Inductor Filter

This study presents a power supply topology capable of generating a large current pulse with a long flat-top duration and a high output voltage. The proposed topology is based on the sequentially fired pulse forming network (SFPFN) and the active coupled inductor filter. The SFPFN generates the primary inaccurate current pulse, and the filter then shapes the current to achieve accurate output. In order to achieve the required accuracy, a novel active coupled inductor filter is proposed which consists of a switched-mode compensator, an auxiliary thyristor pair, a DC bias capacitor, and a coupled inductor. It is designed to deviate most of the voltage and current stress to the coupled inductor, the auxiliary thyristor pair, and the DC bias capacitor, thus reducing the semiconductor devices requirements of the switched-mode compensator. Experimental results based on a 335 A low-power prototype verified the capability of the proposed topology to produce high-precision current pulses and the potential to be generalized to high-power scenarios.

Design of Power Supply for Distributed Aero-engine Intelligent Control System

Compared with centralized power supply system architecture, distributed power supply architecture can better meet the requirements of distributed aero-engine intelligent control systems. The design of distributed power supply topology plays a vitally important role in the distributed power supply system. The paper presents an engineering design method of distributed power supply for the distributed control system in a certain aero-engine. The distributed power supply topology is developed. Based on this topology, the bus voltage level and the current of the distributed intelligent nodes are designed. The optimal selection method of transmission cable types between intelligent nodes is also provided based on the equivalent circuit of a distributed power supply system. The results show that the cable transmission loss and voltage drop meet the design specifications of electrical cable. The proposed distributed power scheme for the distributed engine control system results in minimal modifications, smaller transmission current, and lighter cables.

Study of Bipolar Inductively Isolated High-Voltage Pulse Source

To meet the application requirements of pulsed power technology in wastewater treatment and other aspects (for example, a scenario that requires a high-voltage pulse source that can output a pulse with a rising edge in the nanosecond range and a device that can stabilize the pulse under high-frequency conditions), this paper designed an inductively isolated bipolar high-voltage pulse source. It consists of three parts: the primary charging power supply, the isolated driver circuit, and the pulse-forming circuit. By using inductance instead of traditional resistance isolation, using the inductance for charging and isolation, the inductance can increase the charging voltage of the capacitor, so the circuit can achieve a higher voltage output. The dual-Marx generator parallel connection design of the pulsed power supply topology, using a primary charging power supply for positive and negative polarity charging, can simultaneously output the reverse polarity and size of high-voltage pulses to achieve a bipolar output, so the load has an effect on the pulse. The equipment was selected on the basis of the design of the isolated driver circuit, primary charging power supply circuit, and pulse-forming circuit for the corresponding simulation, and in the experiment to build a principle model, the tests showed that the pulse source output pulse amplitude range was 0~10 kV (the positive pulse voltage was 5 kV, and the negative pulse voltage was −5 kV), the pulse rising edge was approximately 200 ns, the pulse width was 1 μs, and the frequency range was 0~1 kHz for the pulse source frequency. The power supply was designed to be used in applications such as wastewater treatment.

Composite power supply topology design with energy-controlled distribution switches

An electric car’s battery is equivalent to a fuel vehicle’s engine, without a battery, it is equal to an empty shell. The single energy supply of the battery is difficult to meet the long-term endurance requirements of electric vehicles. Combined with the existing traditional composite power structure, the advantages and disadvantages of the existing traditional composite power supply structure are analyzed. A composite power supply structure combining a supercapacitor and power battery is proposed. The supercapacitor is responsible for the peak high power output, and the power battery is responsible for smooth power output. Simulation results show that the new composite power supply has noticeable improvements compared to traditional structures regarding energy loss and power distribution.

A Coordinated Reconfiguration Strategy for Multi-Stage Resilience Enhancement in Integrated Power Distribution and Heating Networks

The tight coupling of power distribution system (PDS) and district heating system (DHS) makes it imperative to devise a coordinated strategy for the resilience enhancement of integrated electric and heating system (IEHS) in natural disasters. The PDS reconfiguration serves as a critical tool for service restoration by the optimal adjustment of PDS topology with designated tie and sectionalizing switches. Similarly, the DHS reconfiguration provides a viable solution for countering disasters by the optimal adjustment of heating supply topology with targeted tie and sectionalizing valves in DHS. In this paper, a multi-stage resilience enhancement strategy considering the coordinated reconfiguration of PDS and DHS is proposed, which coordinates degradation, fault isolation, and service restoration stages after disasters. The proposed model is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear problem, which addresses the coordinated regulation of PDS switches and DHS valves to achieve efficient fault isolation and provide a better service restoration. To make the proposed model tractable, a linearized Distflow model is proposed by introducing current-oriented auxiliary variables and the approximation of power flow and voltage drop equations. Extensive case studies are conducted to validate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed model and illustrate the performance of coordinated reconfiguration of PDS and DHS on resilience enhancement.

An Economical DWPT System With Mutual Compensation of Segmented Power Supply Rails Based on LCL Topology

For high-power, long-mileage dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) system, its economy and adaptability to complex working conditions are the main factors limiting its popularization and application. In this paper, the compensation and power supply of segmented rails are studied, and a DWPT system with mutual compensation of segmented power supply rails based on LCL topology is constructed. By multiplexing components, the number, cost and volume of devices are reduced, and the economy of the system is improved. The power supply topology is optimized to achieve constant-current characteristics over a wide load range to generate a stable high-frequency magnetic field in space and avoid short-circuit current induced by mutual coupling of adjacent rail. The resonant control conditions of the system are derived, and a phase shift control method based on the three-leg inverter is proposed to realize the full range regulation of transmitter current and output power, and improve the adaptability of the system. The characteristics of the proposed DWPT system have been verified by an experimental prototype.

Need Based Design and Topology of Power Supply for Industrial Instruments

Abstract: Process control instruments plays decisive role in regulation and monitoring like control actions which requires efficient circuit analysis and different input and output power supplies to make it connectable in panels or used separately. This paper gives a comprehensive study of power supply used in instruments, based on power electronics principle used to improve circuit performance. Furthermore, it also includes analysis for energy conversion, switching devices, control methods, conduction modes and protection mechanism to make the supply efficient. Supply topologies i.e., Linear& Switched Mode Power supply are used as per the requirement of instruments. Both the supplies include different challenges and solutions to overcome losses and make the supply efficient. The analysis includes various parameters like voltage, current, power loss, waveform, efficiency, switching, feed-back and ringing. These parameters affect the whole supply if problem occurs in any of them.

Collaborative Planning of Community Charging Facilities and Distribution Networks

The construction of community charging facilities and supporting distribution networks based on the predicted results of electric vehicle (EV) charging power in saturation year has resulted in a large initial idleness of the distribution network and a serious waste of assets. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a collaborative planning method for urban community charging facilities and distribution networks. First, based on the load density method and occupancy rate to predict the base electricity load in the community, the Bass model and charging probability are used to predict the community’s electric vehicle charging load. Taking the minimum annual construction and operation costs of the community distribution network as the objective function, the power supply topology of the distribution network for a new community is optimized by using Prim and single-parent genetic algorithms. Finally, the proposed scheme is verified by using the actual community data of a certain city in China as an analysis example, and the scheme of one-time planning of the distribution network and yearly construction of charging facilities is given.

Research and optimization design of two-stage isolated inverter power supply based on series quasi-resonance

PurposeThis paper aims to solve the problems of large hard switching loss and unclear resonant parameter design in the existing inverter power supply topology.Design/methodology/approachThis paper proposes a simple and reliable two-stage isolated inverter composed of series quasi-resonant push-pull and external freewheeling diode full-bridge inverter. The power supply topology is analyzed, the topology mode is analyzed, the mathematical model of the converter is established and the DC gain of the converter is deduced. The relationship between the load and the output gain of the resonant tank is presented, a new resonant parameter design method is proposed, and the parameter design of the resonant element of the converter is clarified.FindingsThe resonant components of the converter are designed according to the proposed resonant parameter design method, and the correctness of the method is verified by simulation and the development and testing of a 500 W experimental prototype. After experimental tests, the peak efficiency of the experimental prototype can reach 94%. Because the experimental prototype achieves soft switching, the heat generation of the switch is greatly reduced, so the heavy heat sink is removed, and the volume is reduced by about 30% compared with the traditional power supply, and the total harmonic distortion of the output voltage is about 2%.Originality/valueThe feasibility of the scheme is verified by experiments, which is of great significance for improving the efficiency of the inverter power supply and parameter optimization.

조도센서를 이용한 전기변색필름 전력공급장치의 제어에 관한 연구

This paper proposes the control of a power supply device to control transmittance of electrochromic film depending on the surrounding environment maeasured by illuminance sensors. BR First, electrochemical characteristics of the electrochromic film data by testing transmittance according to applied voltage of the electrochromic film as analyzed. Then a control algorithm was applied to the power supply by simulation using Psim program for efficient control of the electrochromic film and rapid transmittance control in consideration of the characteristic data. The power supply topology was selected considering the data and simulations result.BR Finally, considering the efficient electrochromic film control of the power supply prototype was made, and its performance was verified through experiments. It proved the possibility of controlling the electrochromic film.BR In order to increase the usability of this study in the future, research will be conducted to apply more precise control through illumination before and after electrochromic film transmission by applying a multi-sensor to use automobile parts such as side mirror.

Analysis and Comparison of MMC-Based Co-Phase Traction Power Supply Topology for Auto-Transformer Power Supply System

As high-speed railways develop rapidly worldwide, the problems of neutral section and power quality are becoming increasingly prominent. These problems affect the normal operation of the power grid and the electric locomotives. The co-phase power supply schemes were proposed by researchers, which can solve these problems well. Among them, the MMC-based scheme (MMC-5 L) is a representative one. The existing scheme, when applied to the auto-transformer (AT)-fed system which is usually adopted by high-speed railways, needs to install an auto-transformer on the output side. To eliminate the auto-transformer and to obtain the more suitable and superior co-phase power supply schemes to AT-fed system, two improved schemes are proposed in this paper based on the novel MMC-based scheme (MMC-6 L) we proposed before. While establishing the mathematical model, creating the control system, and carrying out simulation verification of the proposed schemes, the proposed schemes are compared with MMC-6 L and MMC-5 L in terms of topological characteristics, control system complexity, power loss, and functionality. The results show that while the proposed schemes can fulfill the functions of the co-phase power supply scheme well like the MMC-5 L and MMC-6 L, they are more suitable and superior for the AT-fed system in terms of control system complexity and power loss. Among them, MMC-5L1CB performs best in power loss, and MMC-4L2CB performs best in control system complexity.

Analysis of Pre-Driver and Last-Stage Power-Ground-Induced Jitter at Different PVT Corners.

This paper presents the study of power/ground (P/G) supply-induced jitter (PGSIJ) on a cascaded inverter output buffer. The PGSIJ analysis covers the IO buffer transient simulation under P/G supply voltage variation at three process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) corners defined at different working temperatures and distinct DC supply voltages at the pre-driver (i.e., /) and last stage (i.e., ). Firstly, the induced jitter contributions by the pre-driver, as well as the last, stage are compared and studied. Secondly, the shared and decoupled P/G supply topologies are investigated. The outcomes of these simulation analyses with respect to worst case jitter corners are determined, while highlighting the importance of modeling the pre-driver circuit behavior to include the induced jitter in the input–output buffer information specification (IBIS)-like model. Accordingly, the measured PGSIJ depends on the corners to be analyzed and, therefore, the designer needs to explore the worst-case corner for the driver’s technology node and the most supply voltage noise affecting the jitter output for signal and power integrity (SiPI) simulations. Finally, the jitter transfer function sensitivity to the amplitude and frequency/phase variations of the separate and combined impacts of the pre-driver and last stage are explored, while discussing the superposition of the power supply induced jitter (PSIJ) induced by both the driver’s IO stages under small signal and large signal supply voltage variations. The linear superposition of the separate PSIJ effects by the pre-driver and last stage depends on the amplitude of the variation of the supply voltage that can drive the transistor to their nonlinear working regions.

Simulation model of unity power factor uninterruptible power supply topology using single-phase matrix converter

This paper presents a computer simulation model of the unity power factor uninterruptible power supply (UPS) topology using single-phase matrix converter (SPMC) that focuses on the switching integration for both rectifier and inverter operations. The proposed integrated switches capable of controlling the SPMC to operate as a rectifier operation to charge the DC battery during the normal operation and to switch the SPMC to operate as an inverter during power outage conditions continuously and instantaneously using a single power converter circuit. The use of a single power converter circuit can solve the typical UPS system that requires at least two separate power converter circuits, thus contributing to the higher power semiconductor losses and complicated control circuits. With the proposed circuit topology, it can improve the power density of the power electronics converter system resulting in low power losses. The active power filter (APF) function has been used to improve the supply current waveform to follow the shape of the sinusoidal reference current to be in phase with the supply voltage waveform, thus reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD) level and improve the power factor. To verify the proposed operation, the selected simulation results are presented, and the proposed work has been done through the MATLAB/Simulink.

Real Time Power Control in a High Voltage Power Supply for Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactors: Implementation Strategy and Load Thermal Analysis

Atmospheric-pressure plasma treatments for industrial and biomedical applications are often performed using Dielectric Barrier Discharge reactors. Dedicated power supplies are needed to provide the high voltage frequency waveforms to operate these nonlinear and time-dependent loads. Moreover, there is a growing technical need for reliable and reproducible treatments, which require the discharge parameters to be actively controlled. In this work, we illustrate a low-cost power supply topology based on a push–pull converter. We perform experimental measurements on two different reactor topologies (surface and volumetric), showing that open loop operation of the power supply leads to a temperature and average power increase over time. The temperature increases by ΔTvol~120 °C and ΔTsup~70 °C, while the power increases by ΔPvol~78% and ΔPsup~60% for the volumetric (40 s) and superficial reactors (120 s), respectively. We discuss how these changes are often unwanted in practical applications. A simplified circuital model of the power supply–reactor system is used to infer the physical relation between the observed reactor thermal behavior and its electrical characteristics. We then show a control strategy for the power supply voltage to ensure constant average power operation of the device based on real-time power measurements on the high voltage side of the power supply and an empirical expression relating the delivered power to the power supply output voltage. These are performed with an Arduino Due microcontroller unit, also used to control the power supply. In a controlled operation the measured power stays within 5% of the reference value for both configurations, reducing the temperature increments to ΔTvol~80 °C and ΔTsup~44 °C, respectively. The obtained results show that the proposed novel control strategy is capable of following the transient temperature behavior, achieving a constant average power operation and subsequently limiting the reactor thermal stress.

ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO SMALL SCALE PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR POWER AND ENERGY STORAGE

Photovoltaic solar panels remain one of the most commonly available avenues for acquiring renewable energy for small-scale end users but despite their promising potential their implementation continues to remain outside the realm of possibility for most. The combination of high upfront costs, long payback periods, and complex installation requirements results in a disincentive to purchase the technology and relies on significant appeals to morality as a driving force as opposed to purely economic incentives. An alternative implementation of photovoltaic arrays for small scale use combined with grid power supplement is herein proposed that better matches energy consumption profiles in the household and seeks to reduce cost and complexity. The system comprises a hydronic thermal storage system acting as hot water supply, furnace, and air conditioning for power regulation and distribution in combination with electrical distribution to home appliances using minor modification to the power supply. Currently used batteries, charge controllers, and inverters are eliminated and replaced with a single specialized outdoor central air-conditioning condenser unit that distributes electrical and thermal energy but would not supply electricity onto the grid. Examination of minor electronic modifications on common switched mode power supply topologies has found that regulation of a wide range of variable voltage solar electricity input is currently possible and does not cause overheat or other harm to the power supply. The proposal provides a workable solution to alleviate financial and technical burden on the individual and promotes the vision of a 100% renewable energy society while working within economic constraints.