Supply Chain Sector Research Articles

Role of supply chain digitalization and global supply chain in decarbonization of natural resources sector supply chain

Environmental management and decarbonization are becoming increasingly critical as industries seek sustainable development paths that align with global climate targets. As businesses aim to reduce their carbon footprint, integrating effective environmental strategies with technological advancements is essential. This necessitates a clear understanding of digital technologies and environmental policies to drive decarbonization efforts. In this context, this study explores the role of digitalization in reducing carbon emissions in the natural resources sector supply chain. Furthermore, it examines the role of supply chain mapping as a mediator in the relationship between supply chain digitalization and supply chain decarbonization efforts, providing a novel perspective on how technology can intersect to foster environmental sustainability. This research targets the metal sector supply chain, a significant contributor to global carbon emissions. The data for the study was gathered through a questionnaire administered to 246 employees from various levels of the metal industry in China. We employed Covariance-based Structural Equation Modelling (CB-SEM) using AMOs for analysis. Our results show that level digitalization of supply chain processes in the metal sector has a profound and direct impact on its supply chain decarbonization. Digital technologies facilitate more efficient resource use, improved energy efficiency, and the adoption of cleaner production methods. Importantly, the study identifies supply chain mapping as a crucial mechanism through which digitalization exerts its positive influence on decarbonization. Through detailed mapping, organizations can gain visibility over their entire supply chain, identifying carbon hotspots and opportunities for improvement that digital solutions can address. The novelty of this study lies in its systematic exploration of how supply chain mapping serves not just as a tool for transparency and efficiency but as a strategic facilitator of the beneficial impacts of digitalization on decarbonization.

Challenges, Opportunities, and Strategies of Pentahelix Stakeholders in Realizing Sustainable Supply Chains in Indonesia

The sustainable supply chain sector is increasingly becoming an important concern in Indonesia, especially amidst the threats of climate change, environmental degradation, and exploitation of natural resources. This study aims to identify the challenges, opportunities, and strategies faced by pentahelix stakeholders in realizing a sustainable supply chain in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. The data collection technique in this study is through literature studies. The data that has been collected is then analyzed in three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that efforts to realize a sustainable supply chain in Indonesia require strong collaboration between the government, academics, business, society, and the media. Pentahelix is ??the right strategy to ensure that each stakeholder plays its role optimally. By taking advantage of existing opportunities, such as increasing consumer demand for environmentally friendly products and strong government support and overcoming challenges through technological innovation and comprehensive policy development, Indonesia has great potential to become a leader in sustainable business practices at the global level.

Digital Transformation in the Health Product Supply Chain: A Framework for Analysis

ABSTRACT Well-functioning supply chains for medicines and other health products are vital for a health system’s goals of ensuring access, quality, and efficiency. However, in several countries the performance of government-run supply chains for health products remains subpar. The widespread adoption of digital technology presents new opportunities for enhancing the performance of the health product supply chain. This paper aims to provide a practical and systematic analysis of digital initiatives within health product supply chains. It provides examples of successful digital interventions in each of the Enable, Plan, Source, and Deliver categories of the Supply Chain Operations Reference model. The examples provide clear evidence that the use of digital technology in the health supply chain can improve access and affordability; in some instances, use of digital technology can lead to faster health product adoption and alter the overall architecture of decision making. While many digital interventions in the public sector supply chain target the collection of data and its analysis and use for reporting, the long-term effectiveness of digital solutions hinges on their ability to enhance the agency of supply chain actors. A thorough and systematic inquiry about the logic model of how a particular digital solution enhances agency and improves accountability is essential at the outset. In developing roadmaps to prioritize and sequence digital solutions in health supply chains, governments should start by asking where lack of information is the primary constraint impeding supply chain performance.

An ISM-MICMAC approach for analyzing the relationship between blockchain adoption criteria in a pharmaceutical supply chain: Tunisian case

Purpose In the context of digitalizing the supply chain of different sectors, the blockchain technology (BT) is emerged and becomes one of the most interesting and debated research topics. A few years ago, this technology was implemented for the first time in the financial sector, which is currently extended to be used in many other areas, mainly the health-care sector. The success of this technology stems from its ability to enhance the performance, security, consistency of sharing medical data within the whole system and the analysis of medical records. Technically, the BT is defined as a decentralized digital ledger that records transactions between the stakeholders in a supply chain. Thus, they could gain better control and find severe mistakes and the unsafe ones in the medical field. The purpose of this paper is to address a preliminary study of the BT adoption in a real pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) of the Tunisian case. Design/methodology/approach Indeed, the authors propose an interpretive structural modeling (ISM) combined with the cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC) analysis. This methodology is known as an effective one used to identify the criteria that influence the implementation of the BT, analyze the relationships between them and delighting the most impactful ones. Findings The readiness criteria for the adoption of the BT for the considered system are identified which are 10 ones and the structural relationship between them is uncovered through many interviews with experts. Hence, the found results define the most crucial criteria that should be valorized amongst the other criteria. Originality/value The originality of this study stems from its theoretical and practical relevance regarding the potential of the pharmaceutical system and the importance of the integration of new technologies as the BT. The ISM-MICMAC approach seems to be very performant for such preliminary study of the BT adoption in the Tunisian pharmaceutical system.

Book Review: Dariusz Grala, "The Security of Military Supply Chains" [“Bezpieczeństwo wojskowych łańcuchów dostaw”], Academy of War Studies Publishing House, Warsaw 2024, ISBN 978-83-8263-503-4, pp. 326.

A new monograph titled "The Security of Military Supply Chains" has emerged in the publishing market, released in 2024 by the Academy of War Studies Publishing House (ISBN 978-83-8263-503-4). This publication spans 326 pages and represents a significant contribution to Polish scientific literature, as the subject matter has not been analysed in such a comprehensive manner until now. The Author of the book is Dariusz Grala, a Colonel in the Polish Army, a Doctor of Engineering, and the current Dean of the Faculty of Management and Command at the Academy of War Studies. The monograph introduces the reader to an extensive, erudite discourse at the intersection of political science research, security studies, and management and quality. The Author meticulously and logically discusses areas related to the security of military supply chains, which have previously been underexplored in the literature. The term "security" is understood here in various contexts, encompassing both states and processes that influence military supply chains. The Author highlights their role as a set of cooperating structures aimed at delivering goods essential for the execution of military training operations, operational activities, and combat missions. The literature often encounters the term "defence sector supply chains"; however, in the military context, the perspective on the functioning of these supply chains has a broader and often sensitive significance. This "sensitive" nature of the security of military supply chains —understood from the intentions expressed in the Introduction — has become the subject of the Author's research, which integrates theories and practices from military logistics and supply chain management. The considerations focus on the processes occurring within these chains under various conditions. This approach is particularly important in the realm of security and defence, as civil supply chain publications often overlook, assuming it to be self-evident, the specific security considerations related to military needs. This publication, in a sense, bridges these two worlds.

Hierarchy and mobility of Latin America and Caribbean container ports

Research on port hierarchies within a maritime region is crucial for comprehending the dynamics of seaborne trade and the broader trends within the maritime sector and related supply chains. This study investigates the evolution of the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) container ports and regional sub-systems from 2000 to 2022, analyzing traffic dynamics, shifts in port throughput rankings, and market concentration trends in and among the different coastal regions. Conceptually, this analysis benefits from the notion of evolutionary phases, revealing the stages of a port system's development. Methodologically, 49 LAC ports of international interest are categorized into different coastal regions and tiers based on throughput sizes. Various metrics, including the Gini coefficient, Lorenz curve, Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), and Kendall Tau (τ), assess port hierarchy and related mobility since 2000. The observed shifts in the hierarchy and market structures, coupled with the fluctuating positions of critical ports, underscore the transition that LAC container ports dynamics experienced in the 21st century. Following a particularly dynamic and volatile evolution observed in the 2000s, the financial crisis of 2008/09 was a critical juncture leading to the transition of the LAC port dynamics from the ‘emerging’ to the ‘maturity’ phase. On the contrary, the pandemic (2019) has not affected the pre-existing hierarchy or the moderate market concentration that was already in progress. The LAC region comprises port sub-systems (coastal ranges) subjected to different tendencies towards (de)concentration, yet mobility in port rankings within each sub-system decreases. The study also reveals the coexistence of this transition with a structural transformation of port governance structures, i.e., granting of concessions of operations to third parties. In 20 of these ports and the above-average mobility of ports are operated by Global Terminal Operators (GTOs), and calls for further research on the (non) causality of these phenomena.

Demand Forecasting in Supply Chain Using Uni-Regression Deep Approximate Forecasting Model

This research presents a uni-regression deep approximate forecasting model for predicting future demand in supply chains, tackling issues like complex patterns, external factors, and nonlinear relationships. It diverges from traditional models by employing a deep learning strategy through recurrent bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) and nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous inputs (NARX), focusing on regression-based approaches. The model can capture intricate dependencies and patterns that elude conventional approaches. The integration of BiLSTM and NARX provides a robust foundation for accurate demand forecasting. The novel uni-regression technique significantly improves the model’s capability to detect intricate patterns and dependencies in supply chain data, offering a new angle for demand forecasting. This approach not only broadens the scope of modeling techniques but also underlines the value of deep learning for enhanced accuracy in the fluctuating supply chain sector. The uni-regression model notably outperforms existing models in accuracy, achieving the lowest errors: mean average error (MAE) at 1.73, mean square error (MSE) at 4.14, root mean square error (RMSE) at 2.03, root mean squared scaled error (RMSSE) at 0.020, and R-squared at 0.94. This underscores its effectiveness in forecasting demand within dynamic supply chains. Practitioners and decision-makers can leverage the uni-regression model to make informed decisions, optimize inventory management, and enhance supply chain resilience. Furthermore, the findings contribute to the ongoing evolution of supply chain demand forecasting methodologies.

Calibration methods for high frequencies: Development and validation

The paper presents an introduction of an advanced method for calibration of high-frequency instruments, such as oscilloscopes, frequency counters and function generators that operate at the frequencies between 1 MHz and GHz range. Based on conducted thorough survey of the needs for calibration of high-frequency measurement devices in the region of Southeast Europe, and the identified calibration and measurement capability gap in comparison to the international metrology offer, the Laboratory for Electrical Measurements at Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje developed new methods, following the general recommendations of the EURAMET cg-7 Calibration Guide. An original approach in the design of the experimental procedure, and a novel data fusion concept for the evaluation of the measurement uncertainty is deployed. The paper also investigates and resolves some challenges of setting up an unbroken measurement traceability chain, and uncertainty estimation for calibration in the domain of high frequencies. The established and accredited calibration capabilities are essential for the region of Southeast Europe, where the metrology facilities for the calibration/testing of high frequency electronic devices are inadequate to meet the conformity assessment needs of the quickly growing automotive supply chain sector, and the needs of other electrical and electronic industries.

The power of mineral: Shock of the global supply chain from resource nationalism

State intervention has long affected the stability of the global mineral and raw material markets. Global energy transition has continued to boost demand for copper, lithium, cobalt, and nickel. It has exacerbated the global prevalence of resource nationalism. Research on resource nationalism has focused on the interaction of economic, political, cultural, and social elements within countries. The lack of understanding of the global economic effects of resource nationalism limits our flexibility in responding to upheavals in the global resource order. We combine time series counterfactual analysis and input–output modeling to advance our understanding of the worldwide supply chain effects of resource nationalism. We analyze the impacts of resource political behavior on global supply chains based on several representative episodes of resource nationalism. While major industrialized countries suffer more absolute welfare losses, formerly developed countries in the Global South face higher price effects. Moreover, nationalist resource shocks are not the only cause of welfare losses in the metals supply chain sector. Still, they are also harming various industries and groups, from food and energy to services. Such differences in price and welfare effects depend on the type of mineral and the resource power of the event-initiating country, on the one hand, and are influenced by the global industrial division of labor, on the other. More losses in developing countries come from the agricultural sector and primary manufacturing than from the severity of the losses suffered by the manufacturing and service sectors in industrial and rich countries. This is a reminder to pay more attention to the unequal distribution of economic pressures across countries and sectors in the global energy transition.

Transformation of knowledge and skills by entry-level graduates: Perception of logistics and supply chain managers in Oman

This study aimed to examine and assess the impact of the logistics industry’s environment, entry-level graduates’ characteristics and the logistics and supply chain management (LSCM) program design on the transformation of knowledge and skills at Sohar port in the Sultanate of Oman. The study employed a pragmatic research philosophy involving a structured questionnaire. The sample size included 49 mid-managers from the logistics industry who were working at Sohar Port. The study found that entry-level graduates’ characteristics and LSCM program design positively and significantly influenced the transformation of knowledge and skills. However, the organisational environment had a negative and insignificant impact on the transformation. This study revealed several dimensions that may require further research. It is pertinent to broaden the research scope to other towns, ports, and other countries in the Gulf Council Countries (GCC) to broaden the scope and generalisability of the results. According to the study findings, several recommendations are proposed for the logistics and supply chain sector in Oman to enhance the transformation of knowledge and skills by entry-level graduates, as well as for higher education institutions (HEIs). To meet the sector requirements, HEIs may improve the current university-industry collaborations by increasing the inputs of the industry in designing and developing the LSCM program. The organisational environment must reconsider the knowledge and skills transformation by entry-level graduates in their strategic plan of resources management, which must be emphasised by the remuneration system and career paths incentive. While other studies have explored knowledge and skill transformation in the context of employee training, this study aims to fill a specific research gap by focusing on the transformation of knowledge and skills by entry-level graduates, an area which has not been extensively studied before. Furthermore, this study is unique as it examines the impact of the industry’s environment, entry-level graduates’ characteristics and the LSCM program on the transformation of knowledge and skills within the unique context of Oman. This novel approach provides an opportunity to understand the specific challenges and opportunities faced by entry-level graduates in Oman and suggests strategies for addressing them.

Antecedents of Risk Information Sharing & Processing Mechanism in Supply Chain: A social and technical Perspective

This paper emphasizes Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM), whose execution can boost an organization's resilience and operating performance. Drawing on quantitative data from 231 supply chain professionals in various industries, the results highlight that subcomponents of SCRM—specifically strategy alignment and technology usage—significantly influence risk information sharing, analysis, and evaluation. Abstract Surprisingly, an SCRM-oriented culture does not significantly affect the exchange of risk information or the amount of risk partnership. At the same time, team support has insignificant effects on risk analysis and assessment. From these insights, it is evident that although having a culture of SCRM in place and some team involvement is beneficial, they could not, altogether, pave the way toward the organizational capability of evaluating and disseminating risk-related information. In its place, the emphasis on aligned SCRM strategy and technological advancement in the supply chain sector becomes a critical factor for risk mitigation. This suggests an absolute imperative for managers: to facilitate a technological-enabled SCRM approach that is collaborative, in line with the strategy, and allows integrated information processing. Fortifying these domains can help minimize weaknesses, increase response, and streamline the supply chain performance; continuous monitoring and improvement of information dissemination processes are essential, as they facilitate better risk management across the supply chain network.

Exploring the efficacy of ecolabels as a marketing strategy: Insights from the emerging bioplastic packaging market

AbstractThe packaging industry's significant role in plastic production and environmental pollution underscores the need for more sustainable alternatives. Bioplastics emerge as a promising solution, yet consumer understanding of this innovative material often lags, particularly in emerging markets. This study thus aims to explore effective marketing strategies for communicating bioplastic packaging to shape consumer adoption and disposal practices in such markets. Through a case study approach, we examine the role of ecolabels as a marketing tool across key sectors of the bioplastic packaging supply chain. Drawing upon the signalling theory, we identify key characteristics of effective signals, including costly signalling, visibility, clarity, fitness, consistency and credibility, which should be integrated into a broader context of ecolabels design in order to encourage consumer adoption and responsible disposal. Our study also identifies instances where noises from the environment may have little impact and where communication gaps hinder feedback loops between consumers and producers.

Conceptual foundations of Tech-Driven logistics and supply chain management for economic competitiveness in the United Kingdom

The concept paper explores the transformative potential of technology in enhancing the logistics and supply chain sector to bolster the UK's economic competitiveness. This executive summary highlights the paper's primary objectives, theoretical frameworks, and anticipated outcomes, focusing on the integration of advanced technologies to streamline supply chain operations and drive economic growth. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive framework for understanding how technology can be leveraged to optimize logistics and supply chain management in the UK. It underscores the importance of a robust and efficient supply chain as a cornerstone of economic competitiveness, enabling businesses to reduce costs, improve delivery times, and enhance overall operational efficiency. Central to this paper is the exploration of various technological innovations that can revolutionize supply chain management. It discusses the impact of emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, and big data analytics on the logistics sector. These technologies enable real-time tracking, predictive analytics, enhanced transparency, and improved decision-making processes, which are crucial for maintaining a competitive edge in the global market. The paper delves into theoretical models and frameworks that support the integration of technology into supply chain management. It examines concepts such as the Digital Supply Chain (DSC) model, which emphasizes the interconnectedness of digital technologies in creating a seamless supply chain network. Additionally, the paper explores the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model, which provides a structured approach to measuring and improving supply chain performance through technology-driven metrics and best practices. Addressing the practical challenges of implementing tech-driven logistics, the paper highlights issues such as cybersecurity risks, high initial investment costs, and the need for skilled labor. It proposes solutions like fostering public-private partnerships, investing in cybersecurity measures, and developing training programs to build a tech-savvy workforce capable of managing advanced supply chain systems. The expected outcomes of tech-driven logistics and supply chain management include increased operational efficiency, reduced operational costs, improved customer satisfaction, and enhanced agility in responding to market changes. These improvements can significantly contribute to the UK's economic competitiveness, positioning it as a leader in the global supply chain landscape. The paper provides a strategic roadmap for integrating advanced technologies into the logistics sector. By leveraging these technologies, the UK can enhance its supply chain efficiency, drive economic growth, and maintain a competitive advantage in the global economy. The paper calls for concerted efforts from policymakers, industry leaders, and academia to foster an environment conducive to technological innovation and supply chain excellence. Keywords: Logistic, Supply Chain, Technology, Cyber Security, UK.

ROLE OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: INDIAN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES PERSPECTIVE

The supply chain of the manufacturing sectors is one of the most important elements that helps any particular organisation maintain a competitive advantage. SCM techniques are used by businesses to manage their supply chains. Organizational performance refers to a company's capacity to make the most use of its distribution and raw material resources while reducing the time it takes to produce finished items, the time it takes to make purchases, the price of its inventory, and the leading to significant. The study's goal was to comprehend the numerous SCM methods and their function in the Indian manufacturing sector's corporate culture. Samples of two hundred employees working in SCM for fifty organisations across five Indian manufacturing sectors were gathered using the questionnaire. To produce findings, descriptive analysis and ANOVA are used. The researcher discovered a variety of SCM methods employed in the industries and discovered that SCM practices play a crucial role and, if effectively implemented, can enhance industry performance.

Food Loss and Food Waste Along the Food Supply Chain – An International Perspective

Food loss and waste represents a global problem which is characteristic for all food supply chain sectors and all groups of countries. On average, every year one third of the total amount of food produced is lost or wasted, which indicates an extremely high level of inefficiency in the food supply chain. One of the key characteristics of food loss and waste is a wide range of ecological, economic and social implications, which is why this problem has become the subject of many national and global agendas. Although there is still no unique definition of the term food loss and waste and unique data collection methodology, many authors have researched this topic so far. Therefore, this paper's aim was to research the existing literature on the phenomenon of food loss and waste, as well as to observe trends of the amount of food loss and waste in the world and the EU. The results indicated that the differences between developed and developing countries have changed, and the amount of food waste in both groups of countries at the household level is now quite uniform. At the level of the EU, the household sector is also the largest generator of food waste.

BLOCKCHAIN-POWERED ACCOUNTABILITY IN PHARMACEUTICAL SUPPLY CHAINS

A healthcare supply chain is made when an organization and businesses work together to increase and manage supply related to healthcare products, equipment, and drugs for the patients' lives. The complexity of these networks can make it challenging to circulate healthcare supplies. This is because their structure is not transparent, and they are involved in unauthorized pharmaceutical activities. Technology can improve the pharmaceutical supply chain sector by increasing transparency and establishing oversight mechanisms. Integrating technology can strengthen drug traceability and security measures, enhancing safety and system efficiency. The objective is to leverage technology solutions to implement traceability methods for drug distribution. In addition, we employ sophisticated tools to incorporate blockchain technology into the pharmaceutical supply chain seamlessly. Through rigorous experimentation, our methodology enhances transparency, accountability, and security across pharmaceutical supply chains. The results of our study highlight the significant impact of blockchain technology in addressing critical challenges within the pharmaceutical industry. Our research contributes to theoretical knowledge and practical implications, paving the way for the transformation of pharmaceutical supply chains. This transformation will ensure the integrity and security of the entire system.

Building Sustainable Futures: Developing a Halal Supply Chain Leadership Competency Framework

This paper presents some reflective perceptions of the current issues and the future challenges facing the Halal supply chain sector. Of particular concern is the challenge of attracting suitable talent to sustain its fast growth and developing future leaders to ensure that cross-border interactions remain culturally safe and respectful. Whilst it is agreed that much work has begun in establishing technical Halal competence within supply chains (Abd Rahman, Abd Mubin, Yusof, & Kamarulzaman, 2021; Hashim & Shariff, 2016), there remains a dearth of discussion around the design and development of a leadership framework to ensure its ongoing sustainability. In this respect, current knowledge around leadership in the Halal diaspora appears to consist of narrow definitions drawn from dominant Western-centric understandings of effective leadership (Weir, 2010). However, since these definitions are disconnected from their cultural contexts and cross-border implications, they can result in incongruities in their application, particularly in an Asian context (Harsanto & Roelfsema, 2015). The increasingly complex trading environment in this area would suggest that more focused research is needed to develop meaningful, respectful and relevant Halal sectorial leadership competency frameworks that successfully integrate the necessary socio-political values and cross-cultural complexities inherent in modern supply chains.

Leveraging Blockchain for Enhanced Visibility and Sustainability in the Energy Sector Supply Chain

The energy sector faces significant challenges related to supply chain traceability, including issues with transparency, data integrity, regulatory compliance, and fraud prevention. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized, transparent, and immutable ledger, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This review explores the application of blockchain technology in enhancing supply chain traceability in the energy sector. It examines the potential benefits in terms of visibility, data integrity, compliance, and sustainability, and discusses real-world applications, challenges, and future directions. Case studies from renewable energy, fossil fuels, and smart grids illustrate blockchain's impact. Despite the promising benefits, technical, regulatory, and implementation challenges remain. Future research and development, along with supportive policy frameworks, are essential for realizing blockchain's full potential in transforming the energy supply chain into a more efficient, transparent, and sustainable system.

Examining Public Sector Availability and Supply Chain Management Practices for Malaria Commodities: Findings From Northern Nigeria.

Nigeria accounts for substantial proportions of global malaria infections and deaths, with children aged younger than 5 years being the most affected group. This suggests that access to lifesaving malaria interventions could be suboptimal, especially at public health facilities where most rural dwellers seek health care. We conducted this study to ascertain if public health facilities have the commodities and the robust supply chain management (SCM) system required to deliver malaria interventions to children younger than 5 years. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in 1,858 health facilities across 7 states in Nigeria. Using structured questionnaires, we assessed the availability of selected malaria commodities required by children aged younger than 5 years. We also interviewed health workers to evaluate other core SCM activities. More than 50% of health facilities in 5 states were stocked out of malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs), and stock-out rates for artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) were over 50% for almost all assessed ACTs across all states. The percentage of health facilities that received malaria commodities within the recommended lead time was below average across most states (71%). States with a higher percentage of health workers who were aware of and placed orders following the national reporting timeline and those that delivered commodities to the last mile predominantly through third-party logistics service providers tended to have higher availability of mRDTs and artemether/lumefantrine combinations. The top 2 logistics challenges were insecurity and inadequate funding. The availability of lifesaving malaria commodities across the health facilities visited was suboptimal, possibly due to several SCM challenges. The results from this study underscore the urgent need to implement effective interventions to address the observed gaps. This will contribute to reducing malaria morbidity and mortality among children aged younger than 5 years in Nigeria.

The Financial Strategy for the Development Of Industry 4.0 in the Countries with Developing Economy

Industry 4.0 incorporates cutting-edge digital technology into the supply chain and manufacturing operations to build a more intelligent, networked system. 4.0, which uses digital technology to automate and simplify processes, is the financial strategy for creating and digitizing the supply chain. Issues confronting the supply chain sector may have an answer thanks to financial and economic development strategy technology. It is a safe, decentralized digital ledger that can transparently and impenetrably record data and transactions. With the use of this technology, a common supply chain information database that is available to everyone engaged in the financial plan for the nation's development can be established. A few advantages of implementing financial and economic development strategy technology in the supply chain sector for financial and economic development strategy are increased traceability and transparency, decreased fraud and counterfeiting risk, faster and more secure payment processing, and enhanced cooperation amongst supply chain participants. Studies on applying financial and economic development strategy technology in supply chains are still scarce. Work presents a thorough step-by-step model based on institutional and resource-based innovation diffusion theory to fill this research vacuum. The model is validated with data from Pakistan and the United Arab Emirates, revealing significant differences between the variables driving both countries' innovation and adoption stages of financial and economic development strategies. The study provides insightful information on how financial and economic development strategies are employed in developing countries' financial strategies.